Kavanaugh v. Maryland Insurance Co.

1997 OK CIV APP 629, 943 P.2d 629, 68 O.B.A.J. 2708, 1997 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 42, 1997 WL 429745
CourtCourt of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma
DecidedJune 17, 1997
DocketNo. 87910
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 1997 OK CIV APP 629 (Kavanaugh v. Maryland Insurance Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kavanaugh v. Maryland Insurance Co., 1997 OK CIV APP 629, 943 P.2d 629, 68 O.B.A.J. 2708, 1997 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 42, 1997 WL 429745 (Okla. Ct. App. 1997).

Opinions

JOPLIN, Judge.

¶ 1 Appellants (collectively, Insured) seek review of the trial court’s order granting summary judgment to Insured in Insured’s action to recover under the uninsured/under-insured motorist (UM/UIM) provisions of her insurance contract with Maryland Insurance Co., Inc. (Insurer). Having reviewed the record, we find the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to Insured for less than the limits of her UM/UIM coverage, an amount equal to her stipulated damages of $25,000. We consequently hold the order granting summary judgment to Insured should be reversed, and the cause remanded with instructions to grant judgment to Insured for $25,000.00.

¶ 2 From the very abbreviated record before this Court, we discern that on July 14, 1987, Insured sustained injury when a vehicle driven by defendant Vanessa Kane (Tortfea-sor) rear-ended Insured’s vehicle.1 On July 5, 1989, Insured brought an action against Tortfeasor for damages as a result of Insured’s injuries but dismissed the action against Tortfeasor without prejudice on April 1,1992.

¶ 3 On May 14, 1992, Insured brought an action against Insurer for recovery of UM benefits under Insured’s insurance contract with Insurer. On April 1, 1993, Insurer joined Tortfeasor as a third-party defendant in Insurer’s indemnity claim.

¶ 4 Both Insured and Insurer filed motions for summary judgment. For purposes of summary judgment only, Insured and Insurer entered into five stipulated facts:

• [T]he total damages sustained by [Insured] in this ease equal $25,000.00.
• [Insured] was fault free and [Tortfeasor] was 100 percent negligent.
• At the time of the wreck which is the subject of this lawsuit, [Tortfeasor] ha[d] a policy of liability insurance with Allstate Insurance Company; the liability limits stated in the policy [were] $20,-000.00.
• The statute of limitations has run as to any claim which [Insured] might assert against Third Party Defendant [Tortfea-sor],
[631]*631• [A] policy of insurance was in force and effect between [Insured] and [Insurer] at all times material hereto; this policy provided uninsured motorist coverage in the amount of $25,000.00.

¶ 5 In support of its position, Insurer argued that it was “directly and primarily responsible to the insured [only] for that amount of the claim which exeeed[ed] the liability limits of the tortfeasor’s insurance.” Buzzard v. Farmers Ins. Co., Inc., 1991 OK 127, 824 P.2d 1105, 1112. Thus, said Insurer, since under the stipulated facts, Insured had suffered $25,000.00 in damages due to the negligence of Tortfeasor, and because Tort-feasor had $20,000.00 in liability insurance coverage, Insurer’s liability was limited to the $5,000.00 difference between Insured’s $25,000.00 UM/UIM limit and the $20,000.00 liability limit of Tortfeasor.

¶ 6 Insured argued, on the other hand, that Buzzard applied only where the tortfeasor’s insurance was available to the insured, because in those situations, the insured could recover from the tortfeasor’s liability carrier and any excess of damages over the tortfea-sor’s liability limit from the insured’s own UM/UIM carrier. However, said Insured, in the present case, there was no available liability insurance of the tortfeasor because Insured’s statute of limitations against Tort-feasor had run. Therefore, Buzzard did not apply. In this vein, Insured further argued that the fact that the statute of limitations had run against Tortfeasor did not affect Insurer’s liability to Insured for the entire loss under the UM/UIM provisions of the policy, i.e., “that failure of the insured to commence an action against the uninsured tortfeasor within the two-year time [statute of limitations] [did] not ipso facto discharge the insurer from liability upon its uninsured motorist coverage.” Uptegraft v. Home Ins. Co., 1983 OK 41, 662 P.2d 681, 687.

¶ 7 On the stipulated facts, the trial court granted summary judgment to Insured for $5,000.00, and directed entry of final judgment for that amount.2 Insured appeals, and the matter stands submitted on the trial court record.3

¶ 8 In the evolving law of UM/UIM insurance coverage, this case presents the dilemma of application of the Buzzard holding to an Uptegraft situation. Any answer to this riddle must in any case be consistent with the underlying purpose of the UM/UIM law of this state.

¶ 9 In this regard, we first observe that Oklahoma law “imposes a responsibility upon the UM insurer to protect its insured by good faith and fair dealing....” Pentz v. Davis, 1996 OK 89, 927 P.2d 538, 539. And, “the purpose of [the Oklahoma UM/UIM statute] is to assure each person the full contracted coverage for personal injury damages caused by a financially irresponsible, tortious motorist for each premium paid.” Bohannan v. Allstate Ins. Co., 1991 OK 64, 820 P.2d 787, 792. (Emphasis added.)

¶ 10 As we analyze the parties’ respective positions with the underlying purpose of UM UIM coverage in mind, we next observe that Insurer argued that Buzzard established the outside limit of its liability under the UM provisions of the policy, i.e., the UM Insurer’s sole obligation to pay damages only in excess of the tortfeasor’s liability limits without regard to whether the tortfeasor’s insurance is available or whether the statute of limitations has run against the tortfeasor. However, this analysis of Buzzard clearly contravenes the recognized purpose of the Oklahoma UM/UIM statutory scheme to “assure each [UM insured] person the fall contracted coverage” for which a premium has been paid. Bohannan, 820 P.2d at 792. To hold otherwise and allow a UM/UIM insurer to deduct from the insured’s recovery an amount equal to the tortfeasor’s liability limits, when the tortfeasor’s liability limits are not available, would result in the insured [632]*632receiving less than what he/she had paid for. As applied in the present case, Insurer would pay only the $5,000.00 difference between the tortfeasor’s liability limit and Insured’s UM limit, yet Insurer would perhaps recover the $5,000.00 paid from the Tortfeasor, the effect then being that Insurer pays nothing, and the Insured receives only $5,000.00 even though the Insured purchased a UM policy of $25,000.00 and paid premiums for that UM benefit, a result clearly contrary to the underlying purpose of UM coverage.

¶ 11 In this respect, we tend to agree with Insured’s analysis of Uptegraft, as we read Uptegraft as establishing an uninsured/underinsured motorist insurance carrier’s potential liability up to the limit of UM liability (assuming the insured’s claim meets or exceeds that limit) even if the statute of limitations has run against the uninsured/un-derinsured tortfeasor. However, the Supreme Court in Uptegraft specifically left unsettled what result “if the record showed that the insured refused to heed the insurer’s demand — made within the two-year tort limitations period — to protect its subrogation rights by filing a lawsuit against the uninsured tortfeasor.” Uptegraft, 662 P.2d at 687, fn. 12.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Burch v. Allstate Insurance Co.
1998 OK 129 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1999)
Smith v. American Fidelity Insurance Companies
1998 OK CIV APP 70 (Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma, 1998)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
1997 OK CIV APP 629, 943 P.2d 629, 68 O.B.A.J. 2708, 1997 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 42, 1997 WL 429745, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/kavanaugh-v-maryland-insurance-co-oklacivapp-1997.