Kaufman v. Axelrod

135 Misc. 2d 293, 515 N.Y.S.2d 202, 1987 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 2213
CourtNew York Supreme Court
DecidedApril 22, 1987
StatusPublished

This text of 135 Misc. 2d 293 (Kaufman v. Axelrod) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kaufman v. Axelrod, 135 Misc. 2d 293, 515 N.Y.S.2d 202, 1987 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 2213 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1987).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

David B. Saxe, J.

Providers of long-term health care facilities are obliged to treat patients with dignity and consideration. Admission as a resident or patient in a long-term health care facility does not [295]*295signal a termination of an individual’s rights, constitutional or otherwise.1

William Blackman, a 51-year-old black male paraplegic, is wheelchair bound. Since 1981, he has resided as a patient at Goldwater Memorial Hospital (Goldwater), a skilled nursing facility devoted to the care of the chronically ill. Located on Roosevelt Island, New York, its patient population is comprised of over 900 individuals most of whom have lost either or both of their arms or legs.

Mr. Blackman’s ordeal began on October 27, 1986 when he obtained a pass from the hospital staff for a leave of absence so that he could attend his father’s funeral in Alabama. The pass was good until November 1, 1986. Mr. Blackman, however, did not return to Goldwater until November 5th when he was told that there was no room or bed available for him. His failure to return or contact Goldwater by November 1st signaled to the staff that they could treat Mr. Blackman as having been "administratively discharged” and, as of November 3rd, a boarder and not a patient.

Despite the discharge, it appears that on November 5th Goldwater officials accommodated Mr. Blackman by offering him "boarder” status at the facility. Mr. Blackman was given a bed and remained as a "boarder” at Goldwater for one week. On November 7, 1986, in the early evening, Mr. Blackman was taken from Goldwater by van and left in a wheelchair on the street with three cartons of his belongings and $50.

While lodged as a temporary boarder at Goldwater, the petitioners moved by order to show cause for a preliminary injunction barring Mr. Blackman from the hospital. This application raised for determination the issue of whether Goldwater may consider a patient who had overstayed his leave of absence, "Administratively discharged”. Mr. Black-man, who was permitted to intervene, cross-moved for a preliminary injunction seeking reinstatement to Goldwater with full patient status. The thrust of his argument was that the administrative discharge effecting his status was an impermissible act by Goldwater personnel which violated a comprehensive State and city regulatory procedure involving the discharge and processing of patients.

Preliminarily, respondent Blackman moves to dismiss this [296]*296proceeding on the ground that petitioners lack standing to sue. Petitioners are Richard Kaufman, as the president of the Goldwater Memorial Hospital Community Board, both individually and on behalf of the members of the board. Standing requires that a litigant have a sufficient personal interest in obtaining the relief sought or that he is a sufficiently appropriate representative of other interested persons to warrant giving him the relief sought (Valley Forge Coll. v Americans United, 454 US 464 [1982]; Flast v Cohen, 392 US 83 [1968]).

In order to become a member of the Goldwater Community Board, each member must reside or work in the hospital or hospital service area. Additionally, a community board member must be a person who regularly utilizes the hospital as a primary source of health services. Since petitioners are part of the hospital community, their claim that Mr. Black-man poses a danger to the community and therefore their request to bar him from Goldwater demonstrates a sufficiently clear personal interest to grant them standing to sue.

As to the application for preliminary injunctive relief, it is well settled that the moving party must demonstrate and satisfy the following: (1) the likelihood of ultimate success on the merits; (2) that immediate irreparable injury would result if the requested relief was denied; and (3) that the balancing of the equities tips in favor of the moving party (Grant Co. v Srogi, 52 NY2d 496; Albini v Solork Assocs., 37 AD2d 835).

In support of their claimed right to bar Mr. Blackman from Goldwater, petitioners advance three reasons. First, it is alleged that Mr. Blackman repeatedly refused to cooperate with his own discharge planning, therefore serving as a basis for his being administratively discharged prior to October 27, 1987. Second, that by overstaying his leave of absence Mr. Blackman was deemed administratively discharged, becoming a boarder who was not entitled to protection from eviction. And, third, that even if Mr. Blackman had not been administratively discharged, his history of deviant sexual and other dangerous acts was a sufficient reason for the court to now bar him from the Goldwater patient and staff community.

The reasons advanced by the petitioners in support of their "administrative discharge” theory are specious. In fact, the concept of an administrative discharge appears to be a fiction that was created by petitioners.

With regard to Mr. Blackman’s alleged refusal to be discharged, petitioners claim that in November 1982 Mr. Black-[297]*297man was certified as being eligible to leave Goldwater. Yet, he refused to leave by allegedly rejecting over 40 apartments in prior years. Instead, he complained in writing to various State and city officials about the level of care at Goldwater.

In opposition, respondent points to Department of Health regulations which contain procedures which must be complied with before a patient is discharged or transferred.2 The three bases for discharge are: (1) medical reasons; (2) the resident’s welfare or that of other patients and residents; and (3) nonpayment. If a patient is to be discharged, reasonable advance notice must be given to ensure an orderly transfer and discharge. The utilization review plan are the procedures by which patients are discharged or transferred. (10 NYCRR 731.11 [a]-[e].) This plan includes a medical evaluation of the patient’s need for medical treatment, the notification of a patient’s proposed discharge, the providing of alternative housing and the ongoing notification to the Department of Health of these decisions. The procedures also provide for a patient’s continued adverse stay, the right of the patient to appeal any decisions, and the obligation that the facility notify the Department of Health that the payment for this kind of facility and level of health care is no longer necessary.

In sum, it appears that patients at Goldwater and other similar facilities cannot be simply administratively discharged. There must be a verifiable and acceptable basis for seeking to discharge a patient and the reasons must be given to the Department of Health as well as to the patient. The petitioners have not demonstrated that they have complied with these procedures. Not one document was submitted to substantiate the allegation that Mr. Blackman was discharged prior to leaving for Alabama on account of his alleged past refusal to cooperate with his own discharge planning. Nor was there any factual substantiation advanced during the hearing that Mr. Blackman was offered but rejected over 40 apartments in the past. It is worth noting that petitioners never sought any administrative or judicial remedy to compel Mr. Blackman to participate in or accept the decision to discharge him.

Next, petitioners contend that since Mr. Blackman overstayed his leave, he lost the protected status of patient and became a "boarder” at Goldwater subject to immediate expulsion at the will of the hospital personnel.

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Related

Flast v. Cohen
392 U.S. 83 (Supreme Court, 1968)
Barney v. City of New York
83 A.D. 237 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1903)
W. T. Grant Co. v. Srogi
420 N.E.2d 953 (New York Court of Appeals, 1981)
De Candido v. Young Stars, Inc.
10 A.D.2d 922 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1960)
Albini v. Solork Associates
37 A.D.2d 835 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1971)
City of Rochester v. Sciberras
55 A.D.2d 849 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1976)
Seitzman v. Hudson River Associates
126 A.D.2d 211 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1987)

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Bluebook (online)
135 Misc. 2d 293, 515 N.Y.S.2d 202, 1987 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 2213, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/kaufman-v-axelrod-nysupct-1987.