Katris v. Carroll

842 N.E.2d 221, 362 Ill. App. 3d 1140, 299 Ill. Dec. 482
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedDecember 23, 2005
Docket1-04-3639
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 842 N.E.2d 221 (Katris v. Carroll) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Katris v. Carroll, 842 N.E.2d 221, 362 Ill. App. 3d 1140, 299 Ill. Dec. 482 (Ill. Ct. App. 2005).

Opinion

PRESIDING JUSTICE McNULTY

delivered the opinion of the court:

This case concerns the applicability of fiduciary duties to a member of a manager-managed limited liability company under the Illinois Limited Liability Company Act (805 ILCS 180/1 — 1 et seq. (West 2002)) (Act). Plaintiff-appellant Peter Katris, individually and in a derivative capacity on behalf of Viper Execution Systems, L.L.C. (the LLC), asserted a cause of action for collusion against defendants-appellees Patrick Carroll and Ernst & Company (Ernst). Katris, a manager of the LLC, contended that Carroll and Ernst colluded with a member of the LLC in the member’s breach of his fiduciary duties to Katris and the LLC. The circuit court of Cook County granted summary judgment in favor of Carroll and Ernst, finding that the LLC member did not owe the LLC or Katris any fiduciary duty.

In affirming the circuit court’s grant of summary judgment, we follow the plain meaning of section 15 — 3(g)(3) of the Act. 805 ILCS 180/15 — 3(g)(3) (West 2002). This section imposes fiduciary duties only on a member of a manager-managed limited liability company who exercises some or all of the authority of a manager pursuant to the operating agreement. 805 ILCS 180/15 — 3(g)(3) (West 2002). The facts in this case showed that the member did not exercise any such authority pursuant to the operating agreement. Accordingly, the member did not owe any fiduciary duties, and, as a result, the collusion claim fails and summary judgment was proper.

BACKGROUND

In the early to mid-1990s, Stephen Doherty wrote a software program called “Viper” for Lester Szlendak. Subsequently, Katris and William Hamburg, both Ernst employees, expressed interest in Viper, and on February 14, 1997, they joined Szlendak and Doherty in forming the LLC to exploit the capabilities of the software. On that date, they filed the LLC’s articles of organization with the Secretary of State. In it, they indicated that management of the LLC was vested in its managers, Katris and Hamburg, and not retained by its members.

Pursuant to the LLC’s operating agreement, signed by the four members on February 14, 1997, each member held a 25% interest, and as a condition of the operating agreement, Szlendak and Doherty assigned their rights, interest and title to Viper to the LLC. The operating agreement provided that the “business and affairs of the [LLC] shall be managed by its [m]anagers” and that the members agreed to elect Katris and Hamburg as the “sole [mjanagers” of the LLC. The operating agreement also enumerated the powers of the managers and set forth the rights and obligations of the members. However, none of the provisions setting forth the rights and obligations of the members provided the members with any managerial authority. Pursuant to its terms, the operating agreement could “not be amended except by the affirmative vote of [m]embers holding a majority of the [p]articipating [percentages.”

Also on February 14, 1997, Katris and Hamburg, as managers of the LLC, prepared a written consent adopting certain resolutions in lieu of holding an initial meeting of the managers. They resolved, inter alia, to adopt the operating agreement dated February 14, 1997, as the operating agreement of the LLC and to elect the following: Hamburg as chief executive officer, Katris as chief financial officer, Szlendak as director of marketing, and Doherty as director of technical services. The written consent contained signature lines for Hamburg and Katris, who were identified as “all of the [mjanagers” of the LLC.

Prior to and at the time of the LLC’s formation, Doherty worked as an independent contractor for Hamburg and Carroll (also an Ernst employee); however, in late 1997, Ernst hired Doherty to work for Carroll. As part of his duties for Carroll, Doherty worked with a programmer hired by Ernst to adapt a software program ultimately called “Worldwide Options Web (WWOW).”

Katris initiated this action on January 16, 2002, and ultimately asserted a breach of fiduciary duty claim against Doherty and a claim for collusion against Doherty, Carroll and Ernst. He alleged that WWOW was functionally similar to Viper and contended that Doherty usurped a corporate opportunity of the LLC by working in secret with Carroll and the programmer hired by Ernst to develop competing software for Ernst. He further contended that Carroll and Ernst colluded with Doherty in the breach of Doherty’s fiduciary duties to the LLC.

Doherty subsequently settled with Katris, providing Katris with an affidavit setting forth his involvement in the case in exchange for his dismissal. As a result of Doherty’s dismissal from the case, only Katris’ claim for collusion against defendants-appellees Carroll and Ernst remained.

Carroll and Ernst filed a motion for summary judgment asserting, inter alia, that Katris’ collusion claim failed because Doherty, as a nonmanager member of the manager-managed LLC, did not owe Katris or the LLC a fiduciary duty under section 15 — 3(g) of the Act (805 ILCS 180/15 — 3(g) (West 2002)), and thus they could not collude with Doherty to breach a fiduciary duty under that section.

In response, Katris filed an affidavit attaching the February 14, 1997, written consent. Katris stated that the written consent constituted an amendment to the operating agreement and that, pursuant to the terms of that amendment, Doherty was named “Director of Technology” and “given the sole management responsibility for developing, writing, revising and implementing the Viper software.” According to Katris’ affidavit, Doherty “was in charge of adapting the software to route options orders, in addition to stock orders,” and the “LLC relied on him totally to develop the Viper software.” Katris contended that pursuant to section 15 — 3(g)(3) of the Act (805 ILCS 180/15 — 3(g)(3) (West 2002)), Doherty was thus subject to the standárds of conduct imposed upon managers under the Act and breached those duties by usurping a corporate opportunity belonging to the LLC.

On October 1, 2004, the circuit court entered an order granting Carroll and Ernst’s motion for summary judgment. The court subsequently denied Katris’ motion for reconsideration, and this appeal follows.

ANALYSIS

In this appeal, Katris contends that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on his collusion claim against Carroll and Ernst. We review the circuit court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Morris v. Margulis, 197 Ill. 2d 28, 35 (2001). Summary judgment is appropriate where the pleadings, depositions, affidavits, admissions, and exhibits on file, when viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Busch v. Graphic Color Corp., 169 Ill. 2d 325, 333 (1996).

Here, Katris asserted a cause of action for collusion against Carroll and Ernst.

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Bluebook (online)
842 N.E.2d 221, 362 Ill. App. 3d 1140, 299 Ill. Dec. 482, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/katris-v-carroll-illappct-2005.