Karen Smith v. Kohn Law Firm, S.C.

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedDecember 22, 2016
Docket16-1423
StatusPublished

This text of Karen Smith v. Kohn Law Firm, S.C. (Karen Smith v. Kohn Law Firm, S.C.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Karen Smith v. Kohn Law Firm, S.C., (7th Cir. 2016).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ Nos. 16‐1422 & 16‐1423 KAREN SMITH, Plaintiff‐Appellant,

v.

CAPITAL ONE BANK (USA), N.A. and KOHN LAW FIRM S.C., Defendants‐Appellees. ____________________

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin. Nos. 15‐CV‐0849 and 15‐CV‐0851 — Lynn Adelman, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED NOVEMBER 4, 2016 — DECIDED DECEMBER 22, 2016 ____________________

Before FLAUM and KANNE, Circuit Judges, and MAGNUS‐ STINSON, District Judge.* FLAUM, Circuit Judge. Plaintiff‐appellant Karen Smith filed for bankruptcy. During the course of the bankruptcy proceed‐

* Of the Southern District of Indiana, sitting by designation. 2 Nos. 16‐1422 & 16‐1423

ings, defendant‐appellee Capital One Bank USA, N.A. (“Cap‐ ital One”), represented by defendant‐appellee Kohn Law Firm S.C. (“Kohn”), filed suit against Smith’s husband to col‐ lect on a credit card debt he owed. Appellant Smith initiated an adversary proceeding in the bankruptcy court, alleging that appellees had violated the co‐debtor stay of 11 U.S.C. § 1301. The bankruptcy court granted summary judgment for appellant Smith, holding that Capital One’s lawsuit against Smith’s husband had violated the co‐debtor stay due to the operation of Wisconsin marital law, Wis. Stat. § 766.55, which makes marital property available to satisfy certain kinds of debts. On interlocutory appeal, the district court reversed the bankruptcy court, holding that the co‐debtor stay did not ap‐ ply despite the application of Wisconsin marital law. We af‐ firm. I. Background Appellant Smith filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 13 in July 2011. Prior to that, Smith’s husband had obtained a Cap‐ ital One credit card that he used for consumer debts for the Smith family. Smith’s husband did not join Smith’s bank‐ ruptcy petition and Smith did not list him (or anyone else) as a co‐debtor.1 In December 2011, the bankruptcy court con‐ firmed Smith’s Chapter 13 plan. In July 2014, during Smith’s repayment period under her bankruptcy plan, Capital One, through Kohn, sued Smith’s

1 Smith listed Capital One as an unsecured creditor in her bankruptcy

schedules, and Capital One received notice of the bankruptcy. Capital One then filed a claim for $1,850.08 for “goods sold.” However, this was in con‐ nection with an unrelated debt for Smith’s purchases at Kohl’s not made using Mr. Smith’s Capital One credit card. Nos. 16‐1422 & 16‐1423 3

husband in Wisconsin state court over amounts owed on his credit card account. Capital One received judgment in its fa‐ vor in August 2014, but has not attempted to enforce the judg‐ ment. In February 2015, Smith initiated an adversary proceeding in bankruptcy court against appellees. She brought six causes of action, alleging violations of the co‐debtor stay, 11 U.S.C. § 1301(a); the Wisconsin Consumer Act, Wis. Stat. § 427.104; and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1692(d)‐ (e). All of Smith’s claims rested on the theory that Smith’s hus‐ band’s credit card debt was covered by the co‐debtor stay due to the operation of Wisconsin marital law, Wis. Stat. § 766.55, and that Capital One and Kohn had violated the co‐debtor stay by suing Smith’s husband. In April 2015, Smith moved for summary judgment. The bankruptcy court granted Smith’s motion, holding that “the Capital One debt is a debt of the Debtor [appellant Smith] sub‐ ject to the co‐debtor stay.” Capital One and Kohn sought and obtained leave for an interlocutory appeal to the district court. The district court held that the husband’s credit card debt was not Smith’s con‐ sumer debt, reversed the bankruptcy court, and remanded the case back to the bankruptcy court to enter judgment in appel‐ lees’ favor. The court concluded that “consumer debt of the debtor,” as used in § 1301(a), does not include a debt for which the debtor is not personally liable but that may be sat‐ isfied from the debtor’s interest in marital property. Though the district court’s order remanded the case to the bankruptcy court, the former’s decision effectively ended Smith’s action, since all of her claims depended on the application of the co‐ debtor stay rule. Smith now appeals that decision. 4 Nos. 16‐1422 & 16‐1423

II. Discussion This Court has jurisdiction over appeals from final district court decisions. 28 U.S.C. § 158(d)(1). In the bankruptcy con‐ text, both the bankruptcy court decision and the district court decision must be final. In re Behrens, 900 F.2d 97, 99 (7th Cir. 1990). Though “a district court’s decision on appeal from a bankruptcy court’s interlocutory order is generally not re‐ garded as final and appealable,” id., a “district court’s deci‐ sion on a bankruptcy court’s interlocutory order may leave nothing for the bankruptcy court to do, and thus transform the bankruptcy court’s interlocutory order into a final appeal‐ able order,” id. n.1 (citing In re Cash Currency Exch., Inc., 762 F.2d 542, 545 n.3 (7th Cir. 1985)); see also In re Jartran, 886 F.2d 859, 861 (7th Cir. 1989) (“[A] district court order remanding the case to the bankruptcy court may qualify as final if all that remains to do on remand is a purely … ministerial task … .”). In this case, the district court’s reversal of the bankruptcy court’s grant of summary judgment foreclosed all of Smith’s causes of action and left nothing for the bankruptcy court to do except enter judgment in appellees’ favor. Therefore, we may review the district court’s decision. We review a summary judgment decision de novo, with factual inferences construed in favor of the non‐moving party. Chi. Reg’l Council of Carpenters Pension Fund v. Schal Bovis, Inc., 826 F.3d 397, 402 (7th Cir. 2016). A. The Co‐Debtor Stay In addition to automatically staying claims against the debtor herself, see 11 U.S.C. § 362, the Bankruptcy Code pro‐ vides other (albeit narrower) protections when co‐debtors are involved: Nos. 16‐1422 & 16‐1423 5

[A]fter the order for relief under this chapter, a creditor may not act, or commence or continue any civil action, to collect all or any part of a con‐ sumer debt of the debtor from any individual that is liable on such debt with the debtor, or that secured such debt … . 11 U.S.C. § 1301

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