F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 5 1999 FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk
SAID M. KARARA,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 98-1241 (D.C. No. 96-S-2439) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; (D. Colo.) RICHARD RILEY, Secretary, United States Department of Education; COLORADO STUDENT LOAN PROGRAM; ROBERT FOMER, individually and as Director of Colorado Student Loan Program; COLORADO STUDENT OBLIGATION BOND AUTHORITY and WILLIAM STOLFUS, individually and as Director of Colorado Student Obligation Bond Authority,
Defendants-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before BALDOCK , BARRETT , and HENRY , Circuit Judges.
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
In this student loan case, plaintiff Said M. Karara, acting pro se, sued
defendants Colorado Student Obligation Bond Authority (CSOBA); Colorado
Student Loan Program (CSLP), the directors of those two state agencies; the
United States; and Richard Riley, the Secretary of the United States Department
of Education, for specific performance and damages. The district court granted
defendants’ motions for summary judgment or dismissal. We exercise our
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm the district court’s rulings.
BACKGROUND
In 1981 and 1982, Karara obtained student loans from Colorado banks,
each for the principal amount of $5,000. CSOBA purchased the loans, and,
in 1984, consolidated them into one obligation. At the time of consolidation,
CSOBA issued a disclosure statement requiring Karara to make a series of 114
payments of $120 and a final payment of $35.63, beginning in August 1984.
Karara was also provided with a series of coupons to accompany payments.
Karara sought and received a repayment deferral until January 1986. He then
-2- made 95 of the $120 payments, and, in November 1993 he made a $28.48
payment, based on the coupon for December 1993. He made no further
payments after that. 1
In September 1995, CSLP notified Karara that the United States
Department of Education held a claim against him for the defaulted loan and
that any federal tax refunds would be held as an offset against the debt. Although
the notice advised Karara of his right to object to the offset, he did not do so.
Later, a bank denied Karara’s application for a debt consolidation loan, based in
part on a credit history reflecting the student loan default.
Karara filed suit against CSLP, CSOBA, and the agency directors (the state
defendants), seeking an order acknowledging that his obligation was paid in full
and awarding damages for harm to his credit reputation. Upon the filing of the
state defendants’ motion for dismissal or summary judgment, the district court
referred the matter to a magistrate judge, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1).
The magistrate judge analyzed Karara’s complaint as asserting claims for specific
performance; libel and slander; rights under the Higher Education Act of 1965,
20 U.S.C. §§ 1001-1146a; and possibly a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
1 Both the disclosure statement and the coupons contain errors. Even if Karara had made all the proposed monthly payments, he would not have satisfied the total obligation reflected on the disclosure statement.
-3- On his keystone claim for specific performance, Karara started from the
premise that a loan is usually paid in equal installments, followed by a final
payment in an odd amount. Therefore, he argued, the December 1993 coupon for
$28.48 represented an offer to settle the remaining balance of the loan for this
amount, and he accepted the offer by making his last payment. The magistrate
judge rejected the contention, determining that the disclosure statement
represented the agreement between Karara and the state defendants and that
payment of the December 1993 coupon amount did not modify it. Because the
undisputed facts showed that Karara had not fulfilled the payment schedule
proposed in the disclosure statement, CSOBA was entitled to summary judgment
on the specific performance claim. See Scientific Packages, Inc. v. Gwinn , 301
P.2d 719, 721 (Colo. 1956). As to the remaining state defendants, Karara had not
alleged any facts demonstrating an agreement. Accordingly, the magistrate judge
recommended dismissal for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be
granted.
Support for Karara’s other claims collapsed with the determination that he
had not satisfied his obligation to CSOBA. The magistrate judge, however, gave
additional reasons for his recommendation to dismiss them. To the extent that
Karara sought tort damages, defendants were entitled to immunity under the
Colorado Governmental Immunity Act. See Colo. Rev. Stat. § 24-10-108
-4- (immunity of public entities from liability for tort claims); § 24-10-118(2)
(immunity of public employees from liability for tort claims for acts within the
scope of their employment). Moreover, there is no private right of action
for student borrowers under the Higher Education Act. See Labickas v. Arkansas
State Univ. , 78 F.3d 333, 334 (8th Cir. 1996). Finally, Karara’s failure to specify
any constitutional or statutory right violated by defendants meant that the § 1983
claim was insufficient to withstand a dismissal motion.
The district court accepted the recommendation of the magistrate judge.
This ruling, however, was not a final disposition of the case. Mr. Karara had
filed an amended complaint asserting the same claims against the United States
and Richard Riley, Secretary of the United States Department of Education (the
federal defendants). The federal defendants filed a motion to dismiss or,
alternatively, for summary judgment. In recommending entry of summary
judgment on the specific performance claim and dismissal of the remaining
claims, the magistrate judge relied on the rationale of his earlier recommendation.
Additionally, he determined that the undisputed evidence showed that the federal
defendants had no involvement in the administration or collection of Karara’s
loan.
The district court agreed. It ruled that the relitigation of the issues raised
against the federal defendants was barred by the doctrine of res judicata,
-5- accepted the magistrate judge’s recommendation, and dismissed the case.
DISCUSSION
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F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 5 1999 FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk
SAID M. KARARA,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 98-1241 (D.C. No. 96-S-2439) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; (D. Colo.) RICHARD RILEY, Secretary, United States Department of Education; COLORADO STUDENT LOAN PROGRAM; ROBERT FOMER, individually and as Director of Colorado Student Loan Program; COLORADO STUDENT OBLIGATION BOND AUTHORITY and WILLIAM STOLFUS, individually and as Director of Colorado Student Obligation Bond Authority,
Defendants-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before BALDOCK , BARRETT , and HENRY , Circuit Judges.
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
In this student loan case, plaintiff Said M. Karara, acting pro se, sued
defendants Colorado Student Obligation Bond Authority (CSOBA); Colorado
Student Loan Program (CSLP), the directors of those two state agencies; the
United States; and Richard Riley, the Secretary of the United States Department
of Education, for specific performance and damages. The district court granted
defendants’ motions for summary judgment or dismissal. We exercise our
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm the district court’s rulings.
BACKGROUND
In 1981 and 1982, Karara obtained student loans from Colorado banks,
each for the principal amount of $5,000. CSOBA purchased the loans, and,
in 1984, consolidated them into one obligation. At the time of consolidation,
CSOBA issued a disclosure statement requiring Karara to make a series of 114
payments of $120 and a final payment of $35.63, beginning in August 1984.
Karara was also provided with a series of coupons to accompany payments.
Karara sought and received a repayment deferral until January 1986. He then
-2- made 95 of the $120 payments, and, in November 1993 he made a $28.48
payment, based on the coupon for December 1993. He made no further
payments after that. 1
In September 1995, CSLP notified Karara that the United States
Department of Education held a claim against him for the defaulted loan and
that any federal tax refunds would be held as an offset against the debt. Although
the notice advised Karara of his right to object to the offset, he did not do so.
Later, a bank denied Karara’s application for a debt consolidation loan, based in
part on a credit history reflecting the student loan default.
Karara filed suit against CSLP, CSOBA, and the agency directors (the state
defendants), seeking an order acknowledging that his obligation was paid in full
and awarding damages for harm to his credit reputation. Upon the filing of the
state defendants’ motion for dismissal or summary judgment, the district court
referred the matter to a magistrate judge, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1).
The magistrate judge analyzed Karara’s complaint as asserting claims for specific
performance; libel and slander; rights under the Higher Education Act of 1965,
20 U.S.C. §§ 1001-1146a; and possibly a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
1 Both the disclosure statement and the coupons contain errors. Even if Karara had made all the proposed monthly payments, he would not have satisfied the total obligation reflected on the disclosure statement.
-3- On his keystone claim for specific performance, Karara started from the
premise that a loan is usually paid in equal installments, followed by a final
payment in an odd amount. Therefore, he argued, the December 1993 coupon for
$28.48 represented an offer to settle the remaining balance of the loan for this
amount, and he accepted the offer by making his last payment. The magistrate
judge rejected the contention, determining that the disclosure statement
represented the agreement between Karara and the state defendants and that
payment of the December 1993 coupon amount did not modify it. Because the
undisputed facts showed that Karara had not fulfilled the payment schedule
proposed in the disclosure statement, CSOBA was entitled to summary judgment
on the specific performance claim. See Scientific Packages, Inc. v. Gwinn , 301
P.2d 719, 721 (Colo. 1956). As to the remaining state defendants, Karara had not
alleged any facts demonstrating an agreement. Accordingly, the magistrate judge
recommended dismissal for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be
granted.
Support for Karara’s other claims collapsed with the determination that he
had not satisfied his obligation to CSOBA. The magistrate judge, however, gave
additional reasons for his recommendation to dismiss them. To the extent that
Karara sought tort damages, defendants were entitled to immunity under the
Colorado Governmental Immunity Act. See Colo. Rev. Stat. § 24-10-108
-4- (immunity of public entities from liability for tort claims); § 24-10-118(2)
(immunity of public employees from liability for tort claims for acts within the
scope of their employment). Moreover, there is no private right of action
for student borrowers under the Higher Education Act. See Labickas v. Arkansas
State Univ. , 78 F.3d 333, 334 (8th Cir. 1996). Finally, Karara’s failure to specify
any constitutional or statutory right violated by defendants meant that the § 1983
claim was insufficient to withstand a dismissal motion.
The district court accepted the recommendation of the magistrate judge.
This ruling, however, was not a final disposition of the case. Mr. Karara had
filed an amended complaint asserting the same claims against the United States
and Richard Riley, Secretary of the United States Department of Education (the
federal defendants). The federal defendants filed a motion to dismiss or,
alternatively, for summary judgment. In recommending entry of summary
judgment on the specific performance claim and dismissal of the remaining
claims, the magistrate judge relied on the rationale of his earlier recommendation.
Additionally, he determined that the undisputed evidence showed that the federal
defendants had no involvement in the administration or collection of Karara’s
loan.
The district court agreed. It ruled that the relitigation of the issues raised
against the federal defendants was barred by the doctrine of res judicata,
-5- accepted the magistrate judge’s recommendation, and dismissed the case.
DISCUSSION
We review the trial court’s rulings de novo. See Kidd v. Taos Ski Valley,
Inc. , 88 F.3d 848, 851, 854 (10th Cir. 1996). We uphold a dismissal under
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) only when it appears that the plaintiff can prove no set
of facts in support of the claims that would entitle him to relief, accepting the
well-pleaded allegations of the complaint as true and construing them in the
light most favorable to the plaintiff. See Fuller v. Norton , 86 F.3d 1016, 1020
(10th Cir. 1996). “Summary judgment is appropriate if there is no genuine issue
as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter
of law.” Kidd , 88 F.3d at 851.
Karara raises seven issues on appeal: (1) whether the doctrine of
res judicata applies; (2) whether he should have been permitted to conduct
discovery before the district court ruled on the summary judgment motions;
(3) whether he had demonstrated accord and satisfaction on a disputed claim;
(4) whether there is a disputed issue of fact concerning his payment; (5) whether
he is entitled to specific performance; (6) whether the state defendants are
shielded by the Colorado Governmental Immunity Act; and (7) whether the
§ 1983 claim was properly dismissed. After carefully reviewing the record
on appeal, we determine that there is no merit to any of Karara’s contentions.
-6- We AFFIRM the judgment of the United States District Court for the
District of Colorado for substantially the same reasons stated in the
recommendations of the magistrate judge dated July 10, 1997, and March 2, 1998;
and the orders of the district court entered August 26, 1997, and April 24, 1998.
The mandate shall issue forthwith.
Entered for the Court
James E. Barrett Senior Circuit Judge
-7-