[196]*196OPINION OF THE COURT BY
TANAKA, J.
The State Director of Labor and Industrial Relations and the State Department of Labor and Industrial Relations (collectively DLIR) appeal the circuit court’s reversals of the DLIR referees’ decisions denying unemployment benefits to Cheryl S. Kamaura (Kamaura) and Amy I. O’Sullivan (O’Sullivan) (collectively Claimants). Since the Kamaura case (No. 10094) and the O’Sullivan case (No. 10095) involve similar facts and common questions of law, they were consolidated for argument and disposition.
The dispositive questions on appeal are:
1. Whether Hawaii State Teachers Ass’n v. Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, 56 Haw. 590, 546 P.2d 1 (1976) (hereinafter HSTA), retains its vitality and is applicable to the cases at bar; and
2. Whether the long term disability insurance benefits received by Claimants constitute “sickness pay or similar remuneration” within the meaning of Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) § 383-1(19) (1976).1
We answer yes to both questions and reverse.
Claimants were flight attendants with Hawaiian Airlines, Inc. (Hawaiian Air). Both became pregnant and stopped working as flight [197]*197attendants based on the advice of their respective physicians.2 Each used up her accumulated sick leave and vacation benefits, then filed a claim for unemployment benefits.3 However, each Claimant began receiving payments under the Long Term Disability Insurance (LTDI) program maintained pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement between Hawaiian Air and the Association of Flight Attendants, Claimants’ labor union.4
As to each Claimant, the DLlR’s Unemployment Insurance Division (UID) determined that Claimant was “not unemployed and ineligible for benefits.” On administrative appeals, the DLlR’s referees affirmed the UID’s decisions.
Each Claimant then appealed to the circuit court which determined that Claimants were entitled to unemployment benefits and reversed the referees’ decisions. DLIR now appeals.
1.
Since this is an appeal from the circuit court’s review of an agency decision, we
apply the same review standards applied by the circuit court. Agency fact findings are reviewable for clear error. In contrast, an agency’s legal conclusions are freely reviewable.
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers v. Hawaiian Tele[198]*198phone Co., 68 Haw. __, __, 713 P.2d 943, __ (1986). See also Outdoor Circle v. Harold K.L. Castle Trust Estate, 4 Haw. App. 633, 675 P.2d 784 (1983).
Here, the referees’ legal conclusions that the LTDI benefits received by Claimants are remunerations in the form of “sickness pay or similar remuneration” under HRS § 383-1(19) are the matters in contention. Those conclusions, reversed by the circuit court, are freely reviewable by this court.
II.
To qualify for unemployment benefits an individual must be unemployed. HRS § 383-23 (1976). In defining “unemployment,” HRS § 383-1(16) (1976)5 provides in part that an individual is unemployed in any week “during which he performs no services and with respect to which no wages are payable to him[.]”
In construing HRS § 383-1(16), the supreme court has stated: [W]e find it necessary to read HRS § 383-1(16) and (19)6 as in pari materia. We conclude that a period of unemployment, as defined in HRS § 383-1(16), cannot include a “week of employment”, as defined in HRS § 383-1(19).
HSTA, 56 Haw. at 593, 546 P.2d at 4 (footnote added). Thus, under HSTA, even if an individual performs no services in employment during a particular week, if he receives HRS § 383-1(19) remuneration with respect to that week “in the form of vacation, holiday or sickness pay or similar remuneration,” he is not unemployed and is ineligible for unemployment benefits.
[199]*199Claimants contend, however, HSTA “is of questionable validity” in the light of Agsalud v. Lee, 66 Haw. 425, 664 P.2d 734 (1983). Because Lee neither cited HSTA nor referred to HRS § 383-1(19), Claimants argue that HRS § 383-1(16) only requires a showing that they (I) performed no services and (2) were paid no “wages.” They claim that they clearly performed no services and that LTDI benefits are excluded as “wages” under HRS § 383-11(1) (1976).7 We disagree.
The issue in Lee was different from that in HSTA. Lee was decided under the “alternative test for ‘unemployment’ in § 383-1 (16)[,]” namely, “[wjhere an individual performs less than full-time work during a week and the wages payable to him with respect thereto are less than the weekly unemployment benefit payable to a person with his work history and earnings record[.]” Lee, 66 Haw. at 429, 664 P.2d at 737.
Moreover, in the recent case of Agsalud v. Blalack, 67 Haw. 588, 699 P.2d 17 (1985), the supreme court cited HSTA and held:
For an individual to be unemployed in any week, two conditions must be met: 1) claimant must perform no services in that week; and 2) that no wages or other remuneration similar to vacation, sickness or holiday pay, are payable with respect to that week.
Blalack, 67 Haw. at __, 699 P.2d at 18.
HSTA remains viable and its test is applicable to the cases at bar.
III.
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[196]*196OPINION OF THE COURT BY
TANAKA, J.
The State Director of Labor and Industrial Relations and the State Department of Labor and Industrial Relations (collectively DLIR) appeal the circuit court’s reversals of the DLIR referees’ decisions denying unemployment benefits to Cheryl S. Kamaura (Kamaura) and Amy I. O’Sullivan (O’Sullivan) (collectively Claimants). Since the Kamaura case (No. 10094) and the O’Sullivan case (No. 10095) involve similar facts and common questions of law, they were consolidated for argument and disposition.
The dispositive questions on appeal are:
1. Whether Hawaii State Teachers Ass’n v. Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, 56 Haw. 590, 546 P.2d 1 (1976) (hereinafter HSTA), retains its vitality and is applicable to the cases at bar; and
2. Whether the long term disability insurance benefits received by Claimants constitute “sickness pay or similar remuneration” within the meaning of Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) § 383-1(19) (1976).1
We answer yes to both questions and reverse.
Claimants were flight attendants with Hawaiian Airlines, Inc. (Hawaiian Air). Both became pregnant and stopped working as flight [197]*197attendants based on the advice of their respective physicians.2 Each used up her accumulated sick leave and vacation benefits, then filed a claim for unemployment benefits.3 However, each Claimant began receiving payments under the Long Term Disability Insurance (LTDI) program maintained pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement between Hawaiian Air and the Association of Flight Attendants, Claimants’ labor union.4
As to each Claimant, the DLlR’s Unemployment Insurance Division (UID) determined that Claimant was “not unemployed and ineligible for benefits.” On administrative appeals, the DLlR’s referees affirmed the UID’s decisions.
Each Claimant then appealed to the circuit court which determined that Claimants were entitled to unemployment benefits and reversed the referees’ decisions. DLIR now appeals.
1.
Since this is an appeal from the circuit court’s review of an agency decision, we
apply the same review standards applied by the circuit court. Agency fact findings are reviewable for clear error. In contrast, an agency’s legal conclusions are freely reviewable.
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers v. Hawaiian Tele[198]*198phone Co., 68 Haw. __, __, 713 P.2d 943, __ (1986). See also Outdoor Circle v. Harold K.L. Castle Trust Estate, 4 Haw. App. 633, 675 P.2d 784 (1983).
Here, the referees’ legal conclusions that the LTDI benefits received by Claimants are remunerations in the form of “sickness pay or similar remuneration” under HRS § 383-1(19) are the matters in contention. Those conclusions, reversed by the circuit court, are freely reviewable by this court.
II.
To qualify for unemployment benefits an individual must be unemployed. HRS § 383-23 (1976). In defining “unemployment,” HRS § 383-1(16) (1976)5 provides in part that an individual is unemployed in any week “during which he performs no services and with respect to which no wages are payable to him[.]”
In construing HRS § 383-1(16), the supreme court has stated: [W]e find it necessary to read HRS § 383-1(16) and (19)6 as in pari materia. We conclude that a period of unemployment, as defined in HRS § 383-1(16), cannot include a “week of employment”, as defined in HRS § 383-1(19).
HSTA, 56 Haw. at 593, 546 P.2d at 4 (footnote added). Thus, under HSTA, even if an individual performs no services in employment during a particular week, if he receives HRS § 383-1(19) remuneration with respect to that week “in the form of vacation, holiday or sickness pay or similar remuneration,” he is not unemployed and is ineligible for unemployment benefits.
[199]*199Claimants contend, however, HSTA “is of questionable validity” in the light of Agsalud v. Lee, 66 Haw. 425, 664 P.2d 734 (1983). Because Lee neither cited HSTA nor referred to HRS § 383-1(19), Claimants argue that HRS § 383-1(16) only requires a showing that they (I) performed no services and (2) were paid no “wages.” They claim that they clearly performed no services and that LTDI benefits are excluded as “wages” under HRS § 383-11(1) (1976).7 We disagree.
The issue in Lee was different from that in HSTA. Lee was decided under the “alternative test for ‘unemployment’ in § 383-1 (16)[,]” namely, “[wjhere an individual performs less than full-time work during a week and the wages payable to him with respect thereto are less than the weekly unemployment benefit payable to a person with his work history and earnings record[.]” Lee, 66 Haw. at 429, 664 P.2d at 737.
Moreover, in the recent case of Agsalud v. Blalack, 67 Haw. 588, 699 P.2d 17 (1985), the supreme court cited HSTA and held:
For an individual to be unemployed in any week, two conditions must be met: 1) claimant must perform no services in that week; and 2) that no wages or other remuneration similar to vacation, sickness or holiday pay, are payable with respect to that week.
Blalack, 67 Haw. at __, 699 P.2d at 18.
HSTA remains viable and its test is applicable to the cases at bar.
III.
Contrary to the referees’ determinations, the circuit court concluded that the LTDI benefits “do not constitute ‘sickness pay or similar remuneration’ under HRS § 383-1(19).” DLIR asserts that the circuit [200]*200court’s conclusion is wrong. We agree with DLIR.
In the instant cases, DLIR’s Disability Compensation Division approved the “sick leave or wage replacement provision” of Hawaiian Air’s collective bargaining agreement with the Association of Flight Attendants as satisfying the requirements of the Hawaii Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI) Law, HRS Chapter 392.8 The TDI statute clearly evinces a legislative intent that there should be no duplication of TDI and unemployment benefits.9 We conclude from the record that Hawaiian Air’s LTDI program is a sick leave or wage replacement provision within the meaning of the equivalency approval.
The TDI Law was enacted to provide employees in private employment “reasonable compensation for wage loss caused by disabling nonoccupational sickness or accident where the disability is temporary in nature and exceeds the period of one work-week.” H RS [§ 392-2] (1976). Disability includes the inability to perform employment duties caused by pregnancy. HRS § 392-3(5) (1976). In our view, a TDI benefit payment constitutes “sickness pay or similar remuneration” within the meaning of HRS § 383-1(19) because both sickness pay and TDI benefits become payable upon an employee’s physical inability to perform his employment services.
Moreover, unlike Blalack, supra, where severance pay was involved, in the instant cases neither Claimant’s employment with Hawaiian Air was terminated.
Accordingly, we hold that the LTDI benefits paid to Claimants [201]*201constituted “sickness pay or similar remuneration” and that the circuit court erred in reversing the referees’ decisions.
Wilfredo Tungol (Wendy K. Lang on the briefs), Deputy Attorneys General, for appellees-appellants.
Herbert R. Takahashi (Herbert R. Takahashi, Attorney at Law, A Law Corporation, of counsel) for appellants-appellees.
Reversed and remanded to the circuit court with instruction to reinstate the DLIR’s referees’ decisions.