Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
MATTHEW J. MCGOVERN GREGORY F. ZOELLER Anderson, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
RICHARD C. WEBSTER Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
Apr 04 2013, 9:33 am IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JUSTIN DEON COATES, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 82A04-1207-CR-359 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE VANDERBURGH SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Robert J. Tornatta, Judge Cause No. 82D02-1105-FB-523
April 4, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BROWN, Judge Justin Deon Coates appeals his conviction and sentence for possession of a firearm
by a serious violent felon as a class B felony.1 Coates raises two issues, one of which we
find dispositive and restate as whether the evidence was sufficient to sustain his
conviction.2 We reverse.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On May 15, 2011, Coates arrived at the apartment of Jennifer Pitt in Evansville,
Vanderburgh County, Indiana, and Pitt observed that Coates was upset. Coates “wanted
to go some places,” and Pitt wanted Coates out of her residence because her three
children were present and because Coates “was upset and [she] wasn’t that familiar with
him being upset.” Transcript at 182. Pitt and Coates entered Pitt’s vehicle, and Coates
was seated in the passenger seat. Pitt drove Coates to several locations, and she did not
know the people that he was visiting. At the first location, Coates went inside and took
Pitt’s keys with him because he did not want her to leave. At one point, Pitt observed
Coates holding a silver gun on his lap. Pitt and Coates eventually returned to Pitt’s
apartment, and Coates left the apartment.
Coates went to the apartment of Rex Abell, who lived with his wife and her
children. Coates, who was known to Abell as “Juice,” knocked on the apartment door
and asked Abell if he could come inside and wash his hands. Id. at 171. Abell noticed
that Coates’s “[k]nuckles [were] all bloody,” and Coates entered Abell’s apartment and
washed his hands. Id. at 174. At some point, police received a call regarding a
1 Ind. Code § 35-47-4-5 (Supp. 2006) (subsequently amended by Pub. L. No. 126-2012, § 58 (eff. July 1, 2012). 2 Because we reverse Coates’s conviction, we need not address the issues he raises related to the length of his sentence. 2 “barricaded gunman” in one of the apartments. Id. at 123. Detective Stacy Spalding
arrived at the scene along with other police officers. Coates refused to come out of the
apartment, police were aware of an allegation that he was armed, and law enforcement
called out a SWAT team. Abell was outside with police, and Coates was inside Abell’s
apartment. After several hours, Coates surrendered. Police then searched Abell’s
apartment and discovered a semiautomatic handgun with a silver slide. The gun was
discovered in a drawer with children’s clothing in a small, plastic dresser located in one
of the children’s rooms. Detective Spalding later interviewed Coates at the police station.
On May 18, 2011, the State charged Coates with three counts, under Counts I, II,
and III, of criminal confinement as a class B felonies, one count, under Count IV, of
possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon as a class B felony, and one count,
under Count V, of obstruction of justice as a class D felony. Coates filed a motion for a
bifurcated trial, which the court granted, and a jury trial was held on Count IV on May 14
and 15, 2012.3 Pitt, Abell, Detective Spaulding, and others testified at Coates’s trial.
Abell testified that he had never seen the gun recovered from his apartment and that he
did not have any handguns at the residence. Detective Spalding testified that she initially
responded to the scene “when the uniform [sic] officers responded to the . . . I guess it
was kind of a domestic incident” and that “[w]hen it was determined that it was [] Coates,
then I remained there for the duration.” Id. at 138. Detective Spalding testified that,
while investigating this case, she “looked into” Coates’s criminal record and found the
convictions. Id. at 158. After the State presented its case, Coates moved for judgment on 3 We note that Counts I, II, III, and V were not dismissed and that the CCS entry for June 27, 2012 provides that “progress on remaining counts 1, 2, 3 and 5 is reset to 10/15/12 . . . which is trial date in companion case D02-1105-FA-524.” Appellant’s Appendix at 5. 3 the evidence and argued that the evidence presented to show his prior convictions was
insufficient to demonstrate that he is the same person as the person referred to in State’s
Exhibits 4-A through 4-C, that there was “no testimony before the Court concerning his
social security number, no fingerprint comparisons,” that “[w]e have a naked name on
these instruments and nothing more,” and thus that the State failed to make a prima facie
case. Id. at 223-224. The court denied Coates’s motion. Coates later renewed his
motion for judgment on the evidence on the same bases, and the court denied the motion.
The jury found Coates guilty of Count IV. The court found that aggravating
circumstances existed which included that Coates had a stand-off with police, that Coates
was on parole, and that there was a domestic situation with children present. The court
sentenced Coates to twenty years under Count IV to be executed in the Department of
Correction.
DISCUSSION
The issue is whether the evidence was sufficient to sustain Coates’s conviction for
possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon as a class B felony. Coates argues that
the State failed to prove that he was the same person named in the documents showing
prior felonies and, specifically, that none of the documents produced by the State contain
his social security number, birth date, or other personal information. Coates asserts that,
“[w]ithout any identifying information, certified documents containing a name similar to
the defendant will not, standing alone, be sufficient to establish that the defendant has a
prior felony conviction.” Appellant’s Brief at 9. Coates further argues that the testimony
of Detective Spalding should not be considered as proof, circumstantial or otherwise, that
4 he is the same person named in the certified documents and that concluding that
Detective Spalding matched identifying information based on her testimony would
constitute pure speculation. Coates also contends that “[a]n additional problem with the
State’s argument is that Detective Spalding’s declaration that she looked into ‘the
defendant’s criminal record’ begs the question,” that “[a]ny time the State presents
certified documents to the jury, it obviously believes that the defendant is the same
person named in the documents,” that “indeed, the only way to obtain certified
documents showing prior convictions is to ‘look into’ a defendant’s criminal record,” and
that “[h]owever, it is up to the jury to evaluate evidence presented by the State to prove
that the State is correct.” Id. at 10-11.4
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Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
MATTHEW J. MCGOVERN GREGORY F. ZOELLER Anderson, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
RICHARD C. WEBSTER Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
Apr 04 2013, 9:33 am IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JUSTIN DEON COATES, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 82A04-1207-CR-359 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE VANDERBURGH SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Robert J. Tornatta, Judge Cause No. 82D02-1105-FB-523
April 4, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BROWN, Judge Justin Deon Coates appeals his conviction and sentence for possession of a firearm
by a serious violent felon as a class B felony.1 Coates raises two issues, one of which we
find dispositive and restate as whether the evidence was sufficient to sustain his
conviction.2 We reverse.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On May 15, 2011, Coates arrived at the apartment of Jennifer Pitt in Evansville,
Vanderburgh County, Indiana, and Pitt observed that Coates was upset. Coates “wanted
to go some places,” and Pitt wanted Coates out of her residence because her three
children were present and because Coates “was upset and [she] wasn’t that familiar with
him being upset.” Transcript at 182. Pitt and Coates entered Pitt’s vehicle, and Coates
was seated in the passenger seat. Pitt drove Coates to several locations, and she did not
know the people that he was visiting. At the first location, Coates went inside and took
Pitt’s keys with him because he did not want her to leave. At one point, Pitt observed
Coates holding a silver gun on his lap. Pitt and Coates eventually returned to Pitt’s
apartment, and Coates left the apartment.
Coates went to the apartment of Rex Abell, who lived with his wife and her
children. Coates, who was known to Abell as “Juice,” knocked on the apartment door
and asked Abell if he could come inside and wash his hands. Id. at 171. Abell noticed
that Coates’s “[k]nuckles [were] all bloody,” and Coates entered Abell’s apartment and
washed his hands. Id. at 174. At some point, police received a call regarding a
1 Ind. Code § 35-47-4-5 (Supp. 2006) (subsequently amended by Pub. L. No. 126-2012, § 58 (eff. July 1, 2012). 2 Because we reverse Coates’s conviction, we need not address the issues he raises related to the length of his sentence. 2 “barricaded gunman” in one of the apartments. Id. at 123. Detective Stacy Spalding
arrived at the scene along with other police officers. Coates refused to come out of the
apartment, police were aware of an allegation that he was armed, and law enforcement
called out a SWAT team. Abell was outside with police, and Coates was inside Abell’s
apartment. After several hours, Coates surrendered. Police then searched Abell’s
apartment and discovered a semiautomatic handgun with a silver slide. The gun was
discovered in a drawer with children’s clothing in a small, plastic dresser located in one
of the children’s rooms. Detective Spalding later interviewed Coates at the police station.
On May 18, 2011, the State charged Coates with three counts, under Counts I, II,
and III, of criminal confinement as a class B felonies, one count, under Count IV, of
possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon as a class B felony, and one count,
under Count V, of obstruction of justice as a class D felony. Coates filed a motion for a
bifurcated trial, which the court granted, and a jury trial was held on Count IV on May 14
and 15, 2012.3 Pitt, Abell, Detective Spaulding, and others testified at Coates’s trial.
Abell testified that he had never seen the gun recovered from his apartment and that he
did not have any handguns at the residence. Detective Spalding testified that she initially
responded to the scene “when the uniform [sic] officers responded to the . . . I guess it
was kind of a domestic incident” and that “[w]hen it was determined that it was [] Coates,
then I remained there for the duration.” Id. at 138. Detective Spalding testified that,
while investigating this case, she “looked into” Coates’s criminal record and found the
convictions. Id. at 158. After the State presented its case, Coates moved for judgment on 3 We note that Counts I, II, III, and V were not dismissed and that the CCS entry for June 27, 2012 provides that “progress on remaining counts 1, 2, 3 and 5 is reset to 10/15/12 . . . which is trial date in companion case D02-1105-FA-524.” Appellant’s Appendix at 5. 3 the evidence and argued that the evidence presented to show his prior convictions was
insufficient to demonstrate that he is the same person as the person referred to in State’s
Exhibits 4-A through 4-C, that there was “no testimony before the Court concerning his
social security number, no fingerprint comparisons,” that “[w]e have a naked name on
these instruments and nothing more,” and thus that the State failed to make a prima facie
case. Id. at 223-224. The court denied Coates’s motion. Coates later renewed his
motion for judgment on the evidence on the same bases, and the court denied the motion.
The jury found Coates guilty of Count IV. The court found that aggravating
circumstances existed which included that Coates had a stand-off with police, that Coates
was on parole, and that there was a domestic situation with children present. The court
sentenced Coates to twenty years under Count IV to be executed in the Department of
Correction.
DISCUSSION
The issue is whether the evidence was sufficient to sustain Coates’s conviction for
possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon as a class B felony. Coates argues that
the State failed to prove that he was the same person named in the documents showing
prior felonies and, specifically, that none of the documents produced by the State contain
his social security number, birth date, or other personal information. Coates asserts that,
“[w]ithout any identifying information, certified documents containing a name similar to
the defendant will not, standing alone, be sufficient to establish that the defendant has a
prior felony conviction.” Appellant’s Brief at 9. Coates further argues that the testimony
of Detective Spalding should not be considered as proof, circumstantial or otherwise, that
4 he is the same person named in the certified documents and that concluding that
Detective Spalding matched identifying information based on her testimony would
constitute pure speculation. Coates also contends that “[a]n additional problem with the
State’s argument is that Detective Spalding’s declaration that she looked into ‘the
defendant’s criminal record’ begs the question,” that “[a]ny time the State presents
certified documents to the jury, it obviously believes that the defendant is the same
person named in the documents,” that “indeed, the only way to obtain certified
documents showing prior convictions is to ‘look into’ a defendant’s criminal record,” and
that “[h]owever, it is up to the jury to evaluate evidence presented by the State to prove
that the State is correct.” Id. at 10-11.4
The State maintains that the evidence is sufficient to support Coates’s conviction.
The State argues that Detective Spalding testified that she was the investigating officer,
that as a part of her investigation she “looked into” Coates’s criminal record, and that she
found that Coates had the two prior felony convictions established by the certified
documents contained in State’s Exhibits 4-A through 4-C. Appellee’s Brief at 7. The
State argues that “[i]t can be presumed that Detective Spalding was competent in her job”
and “she was able to identify this specific defendant’s criminal history from all others and
not mistake him for anyone else.” Id. The State further argues that “Justin Deon Coates
is not a common name,” that “[w]hile it is not the best of identification linking [Coates]
to the prior convictions, in this case, it is sufficient evidence to establish that the two prior
qualifying convictions were, in fact, [Coates’s] prior convictions,” and that Coates 4 Coates does not argue that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he was in possession of a firearm.
5 “presented no evidence denying or contradicting that the convictions were not his prior
convictions.” Id.
In his reply brief, Coates argues that the State’s argument is an attempt to shift the
burden of proof to him as the defendant and that the State’s argument rests upon pure
speculation. Coates maintains that the State did not present evidence to support its
assertion that “Justin Deon Coates” is not a common name and that, even assuming it is
an unusual name, this fact standing alone is not sufficient to prove that he is the same
person as the defendants listed in the prior conviction documents. Coates also argues that
Detective Spalding’s testimony that she “looked into” his criminal history is not
sufficient to show that he and the persons listed in the prior conviction documents are one
and the same person. Appellant’s Reply Brief at 6.
When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction, we must
consider only the probative evidence and reasonable inferences supporting the verdict. In
a review of a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we do not reweigh the evidence or
reevaluate the credibility of witnesses. Rohr v. State, 866 N.E .2d 242, 248 (Ind. 2007),
reh’g denied. We view the evidence most favorable to the verdict and the reasonable
inferences therefrom and will affirm the conviction if there is substantial evidence of
probative value from which a reasonable jury could find the defendant guilty beyond a
reasonable doubt. Id.
In order to prove unlawful possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon as a
class B felony, the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Coates
was a serious violent felon, as defined by Ind. Code § 35-47-4-5(a), and knowingly or
6 intentionally possessed a firearm. See Ind. Code § 35-47-4-5. A person is a serious
violet felon if the person has been convicted of committing one of the serious violent
felonies enumerated in Ind. Code § 35-47-4-5(b), which includes the offense of burglary
as a class A or B felony under subsection (15) and dealing in or manufacturing cocaine or
a narcotic drug under subsection (23). In its charging information, the State alleged that
Coates “did knowingly possess a firearm, to-wit: a handgun after having been convicted
in the State of Indiana of a serious violent felony, to-wit: Burglary, on April 23, 2009, in
the Vanderburgh Circuit Court, cause number 82C01-0607-FB-735 [“Cause No. 735”)]
and Dealing in Cocaine on May 12, 2005, cause number 82C01-0411-FB-1049 [(“Cause
No. 1049”)].” Appellant’s Appendix at 20.
With respect to the use of certified documents to establish the existence of prior
convictions, the Indiana Supreme Court has stated:
Certified copies of judgments or commitments containing a defendant’s name or a similar name may be introduced to prove the commission of prior felonies. While there must be supporting evidence to identify the defendant as the person named in the documents, the evidence may be circumstantial. If the evidence yields logical and reasonable inferences from which the finder of fact may determine beyond a reasonable doubt that it was a defendant who was convicted of the prior felony, then a sufficient connection has been shown.
Tyson v. State, 766 N.E.2d 715, 718 (Ind. 2002) (quoting Hernandez v. State, 716 N.E.2d
948, 953 (Ind. 1999), reh’g denied). The Court has also held:
Certified copies of judgments or commitments containing the same or similar name as defendant’s may be introduced to prove the commission of prior felonies. However, there must be other supporting evidence to identify defendant as being the same person named in the documents.
7 Coker v. State, 455 N.E.2d 319, 322 (Ind. 1983) (emphasis added and citations omitted).
See Abdullah v. State, 847 N.E.2d 1031, 1034 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006) (noting that
“[p]rosecutors routinely admit a wide variety of readily-available evidence for this
purpose, including but certainly not limited to copies of sentencing orders, case
chronologies, plea agreements, testimony from prosecutors or others involved in or
witness to the prior conviction, or transcripts from the convicting court’s proceedings”).
Here, it was incumbent upon the State to demonstrate that Coates was the person
convicted of the prior felonies as alleged in the charging information, and the State
presented three exhibits to support the allegation that Coates had been convicted of prior
felonies listed under Ind. Code § 35-47-4-5(b). Specifically, the State presented State’s
Exhibits 4-A and 4-B which contained, respectively, a certified copy of a chronological
case summary (“CCS”) and an abstract of judgment under Cause No. 1049 in the
Vanderburgh County Circuit Court showing that a person, identified by name only as
“Justin Deon Coates,” pled guilty to dealing in cocaine in April 2005 and that judgment
of conviction was entered on May 12, 2005. The State also presented State’s Exhibit 4-
C, which was a certified copy of a CCS under Cause No. 735 in the Vanderburgh County
Circuit Court showing that the defendant, identified by name only as “Justin D Coates,”
was convicted of burglary as a class B felony on April 23, 2009. We also recognize that
Detective Spalding testified that, while investigating this case, she “looked into” Coates’s
criminal record and found the convictions. See Transcript at 158.
Based upon the evidence and State’s Exhibits 4-A through 4-C, we conclude that
the evidence was insufficient to demonstrate that Coates was the person who had been
8 convicted of the offenses under Cause No. 1049 and Cause No. 735. The documents
presented to the jury do not yield any information, other than a name, which identify
Coates as the same person named in the documents, such as a physical description, a
social security number, a birthdate, a Department of Correction or county jail
identification number, or fingerprint or similar identifying evidence. See Duncan v.
State, 409 N.E.2d 597, 601 (Ind. 1980) (“A mere document, relating to a conviction of
one with the same name as the defendant would have been insufficient.”); Livingston v.
State, 537 N.E.2d 75, 78 (Ind. Ct. App. 1989) (observing that the State did not present
evidence of copies of Department of Correction records with the defendant’s name, date
of birth, social security number, fingerprints, or physical description and holding that the
evidentiary link was too tenuous to permit a reasonable juror to find beyond a reasonable
doubt that the defendant had the previous conviction as alleged by the State); see also
Abdullah, 847 N.E.2d at 1034-1035 (observing that the State chose to prove the
defendant’s prior conviction using only an abstract of judgment, that abstract was not
signed, that this court could only speculate as to why the prosecutor chose to forego all
the other avenues typically available and rest his case on a piece of evidence that was
subject to challenge, and holding that the abstract of judgment standing alone was
insufficient to prove a prior conviction for purposes of proving in part the defendant’s
status as a serious violent felon); cf. Toney v. State, 715 N.E.2d 367, 369 (Ind. 1999)
(documentation listing the defendant’s name, gender, race, and birthdate was sufficient to
prove that the defendant was the same person who committed a previous felony); Lewis
v. State, 554 N.E.2d 1133, 1136-1137 (Ind. 1990) (noting that evidence of the
9 defendant’s name, date and place of birth, and physical description was sufficient to
establish identification), reh’g denied; Thomas v. State, 443 N.E.2d 1197, 1200 (Ind.
1983) (holding that evidence including the defendant’s name, fingerprint card listing his
social security number, and date and place of birth was sufficient to establish
identification). Consequently, we conclude under these circumstances that there is
insufficient evidence of probative value from which the jury could reasonably have found
beyond a reasonable doubt that Coates committed the felony convictions enumerated in
Ind. Code § 35-47-4-5(b) as charged by the State. Accordingly, we reverse and vacate
Coates’s conviction for possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon as a class B
felony.
For the foregoing reasons, we reverse Coates’s conviction for possession of a
firearm by a serious violent felon as a class B felony.
Reversed.
BAILEY, J., and VAIDIK, J., concur.