Justin Dale Peterson a/k/a Justin Peterson v. State of Mississippi

• Court: Court of Appeals of Mississippi
• Decided: April 28, 2020
• Docket: NO. 2019-CP-00489-COA
• Status: Published

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2019-CP-00489-COA

JUSTIN DALE PETERSON A/K/A JUSTIN APPELLANT PETERSON

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 02/25/2019 TRIAL JUDGE: HON. CLAIBORNE McDONALD COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: PEARL RIVER COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: JUSTIN DALE PETERSON (PRO SE) ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: ABBIE EASON KOONCE NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST-CONVICTION RELIEF DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 04/28/2020 MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE J. WILSON, P.J., TINDELL AND C. WILSON, JJ.

TINDELL, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. Justin Peterson appeals from the denial of his second motion for post-conviction

collateral relief (PCR) by the Pearl River County Circuit Court. Because we find that

Peterson’s motion is both time-barred and successive-writ barred and that no exception

applies, we affirm the circuit court’s judgment.

FACTS

¶2. On March 5, 2012, Peterson pled guilty to one count of armed robbery. On March 12,

2012, the circuit court sentenced Peterson to twenty-five years in the custody of the

Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC), with twenty years to serve and five years of post-release supervision. On March 3, 2014, Peterson filed his first PCR motion and

challenged his conviction and sentence on the ground that his plea was involuntary and

induced by his attorney’s alleged guarantee of an eight-year sentence. Peterson v. State, 262

So. 3d 1167, 1168 (¶1) (Miss Ct. App. 2018). The circuit court denied Peterson’s first PCR

motion, and on appeal, this Court affirmed. Id. at 1168-69 (¶1).

¶3. On March 3, 2017, almost five years after pleading guilty to armed robbery, Peterson

filed his second PCR motion. In this second motion, Peterson asserted (1) the circuit court

lacked jurisdiction to impose his conviction and sentence; (2) he was sentenced without due

process; (3) the pre-sentence investigation (PSI) report’s absence from the record violated

his due process rights; and (4) ex parte communications during the sentencing phase violated

the Mississippi Code of Judicial Conduct and his right to confront the witnesses against him.

The circuit court denied Peterson’s current PCR motion as both time-barred and

successive-writ barred. Aggrieved, Peterson appeals.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶4. “When reviewing a trial court’s denial or dismissal of a motion for PCR, we will only

disturb the trial court’s factual findings if they are clearly erroneous; however, we review

legal conclusions under a de novo standard of review.” Chapman v. State, 167 So. 3d 1170,

1172 (¶3) (Miss. 2015). A PCR movant must show by a preponderance of the evidence that

he is entitled to relief. Wilkerson v. State, 89 So. 3d 610, 613 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011).

DISCUSSION

I. Procedural Bars

2 ¶5. Upon review, we first find that Peterson’s current PCR motion is time-barred. In the

case of a guilty plea, a PCR motion must be filed within three years after the entry of a

judgment of conviction. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(2) (Rev. 2015). Peterson pled guilty

and was sentenced in March 2012. Peterson filed his current PCR motion on March 3, 2017,

which is outside the three-year statute of limitations. Therefore, Peterson’s motion is

time-barred.

¶6. Peterson’s current motion is also successive-writ barred since it is his second PCR

motion. See Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-23(6) (Rev. 2015) (providing that a “second or

successive motion” brought under the Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act is

barred). A dismissal or denial of a PCR motion is a final judgment that bars a second or

successive motion. Id. Peterson previously filed an unsuccessful PCR motion in 2014. As

stated, this Court affirmed the denial of that PCR motion on appeal. Peterson, 262 So. 3d

at 1168-69 (¶1). Peterson then filed his second PCR motion on March 3, 2017. Mississippi

statutory law grants each movant “one bite at the apple when requesting post-conviction

relief.” Dobbs v. State, 18 So. 3d 295, 298 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App. 2009). Given that Peterson

previously filed an unsuccessful PCR motion and that Mississippi statutory law prohibits a

movant from filing a second PCR motion, Peterson’s current motion is successive and

therefore barred.

II. Merits of the Claims

¶7. Although Peterson’s current PCR motion is procedurally barred, he contends that an

exception applies. To establish an exception, Peterson must show a violation of one of his

3 fundamental constitutional rights. See Rowland v. State, 42 So. 3d 503, 507 (¶11) (Miss.

2010). Peterson asserts that his claims are excepted because his fundamental rights to due

process and to confront the witnesses against him were violated at sentencing.1

¶8. The following “fundamental-rights exceptions have been expressly found to survive

procedural bars: (1) the right against double jeopardy; (2) the right to be free from an illegal

sentence; (3) the right to due process at sentencing; and (4) the right to not be subject to ex

post facto laws.” Nichols v. State, 265 So. 3d 1239, 1242 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2018), cert.

denied, 265 So. 3d 181 (Miss. 2019). Although Peterson makes multiple claims in an attempt

to demonstrate how his fundamental rights were violated, “‘the mere assertion of a

constitutional[-]right violation’ does not trigger the exception.” Evans v. State, 115 So. 3d

879, 881 (¶3) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013) (quoting Wicker v. State, 16 So. 3d 706, 708 (¶5) (Miss.

Ct. App. 2009)). “The burden of proving that no procedural bar exists falls squarely on the

petitioner.” Cosner v. State, 111 So. 3d 111, 113 (¶13) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013). Because

Peterson has failed to substantiate his claim that a fundamental-rights exception exists, we

find that his PCR motion lacks merit.

CONCLUSION

¶9. After reviewing the record, we find no error in the circuit court’s denial of Peterson’s

current PCR motion. Peterson’s PCR motion is both time-barred and successive-writ barred,

1 Although Peterson makes no argument that a statutory exception to the procedural bars applies, we acknowledge that the following statutory exceptions exist: (1) an intervening decision of either the United States or Mississippi Supreme Courts; (2) any newly discoverable evidence; (3) the expiration of the petitioner’s sentence; or (4) an unlawful revocation of the petitioner’s probation, parole, or conditional release. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(2)(a)-(b).

4 and he has failed to prove that an exception applies. We therefore affirm the circuit court’s

judgment.

¶10. AFFIRMED.

BARNES, C.J., CARLTON AND J. WILSON, P.JJ., GREENLEE, WESTBROOKS, McDONALD, LAWRENCE, McCARTY AND C. WILSON, JJ., CONCUR.