Julio Alvarez v. Robert Ercole

Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit·Decided August 18, 2014·No. 13-2828-pr·Published

Opinion

13‐2828‐pr Julio Alvarez v. Robert Ercole

13‐2828‐pr Julio Alvarez v. Robert Ercole

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

August Term, 2013

(Argued: April 10, 2014 Decided: August 18, 2014)

Docket No. 13‐2828‐pr

JULIO ALVAREZ,

Petitioner‐Appellee,

– v. –

ROBERT ERCOLE, Superintendent of Green Haven Correctional Facility, and ANDREW CUOMO, Attorney General of the State of New York,

Respondents‐Appellants.

Before: JACOBS, CALABRESI, and LIVINGSTON, Circuit Judges.

Respondents appeal the decision of the District Court for the Southern District of New York (McMahon, J.) to grant Petitioner‐Appellee Julio Alvarez a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 based on the New York state trial court’s violations of Alvarez’s Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause right. Alvarez was convicted of manslaughter and assault for a 2002 shooting that killed Bronx drug dealer Daniel Colon and wounded two others. Alvarez is serving a 45‐year prison sentence. At trial, the state court prohibited Alvarez from questioning a detective as to whether the police had pursued provided leads contained in an investigative report. It did so on the ground that the proffered cross‐examination

13‐2828‐pr Julio Alvarez v. Robert Ercole

would lead to the introduction of inadmissible hearsay, and also that the proposed line of questioning had the potential to confuse the jury due to the purportedly insufficient connection between the cross‐examination and Colon’s death. Because the trial court erred when it excluded all cross‐examination related to the report, and because this error denied Alvarez evidence that was essential to his defense, we AFFIRM the District Court’s order granting Alvarez’s habeas petition.

WILLIAM CARNEY, The Legal Aid Society, New York, N.Y., for Petitioner‐Appellee.

CYNTHIA A. CARLSON (Joseph N. Ferdenzi and Mary Jo L. Blanchard, on the brief), Assistant District Attorneys, for Robert T. Johnson, Bronx County District Attorney, Bronx, N.Y., for Respondents‐Appellants.

CALABRESI, Circuit Judge:

Petitioner‐Appellee Julio Alvarez was sentenced in 2004 to 45 years’

imprisonment for shooting and killing Daniel Colon and wounding two others. At trial, Alvarez’s defense strategy was to show that the New York City Police Department investigation had been incomplete in ways that created reasonable doubt that the government had proved its case against him. In support of this argument, Alvarez sought to cross‐examine the lead detective to show that the police had not investigated leads provided by a witness, Edwin Vasquez, whose

13‐2828‐pr Julio Alvarez v. Robert Ercole

tips were memorialized in a detective’s notes and an investigative DD5 report. The trial court prohibited Alvarez from pursuing this line of questioning, ruling that it would lead to the introduction of impermissible hearsay. But Alvarez sought to cross‐examine the detective about the Vasquez report in order to show that the police had not pursued known leads, and not to show that the content of the Vasquez report was true. Hence, the trial court’s ruling was error. Moreover, by further cutting off this line of questioning through an alternate “clear link” ruling, the trial court effectively denied Alvarez the opportunity to develop his only defense. Taken together, the trial court’s evidentiary rulings unreasonably applied clearly established Sixth Amendment law and drastically impaired Alvarez’s ability to present that defense.

This error was by no means harmless because (as the district court observed) “[t]here was no forensic evidence tying [Alvarez] to the crime—no ballistics, no DNA, no fingerprints”; the eyewitnesses differed as to the color, make, and features of the car from which the killers fired; one victim failed to identify Alvarez until the police told him “we got the guy” and took him to a line‐up; and the prosecutor, on summation, called criticism of the police

13‐2828‐pr Julio Alvarez v. Robert Ercole

investigation “speculation” and “submit[ted] to” the jury that the detectives “did a good job on this case” and “followed up on leads.”

We therefore affirm the judgment of the District Judge (McMahon, J.)

granting Alvarez’s habeas petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2254.

I. BACKGROUND

A. Homicide in Hunts Point, New York Around 2:30 p.m. on Saturday, April 6, 2002, Margie Rodriguez heard gunshots from the street below her Hunts Point, Bronx apartment and called 911. From her sixth floor window, Rodriguez saw two men drive off in a gray car with a distinctive sunroof. Daniel “Dapper Dan” Colon, a local drug dealer, had been shot twice and lay dying in the street.

Moments earlier, Dan Colon had met with two teen‐aged crack dealers: 15 year‐old Manny Colon (no relation to Dan) and 19 year‐old Aramis Fournier.1 Dan, Manny, and Fournier had discussed a recent police raid on their stash house at 735 Bryant Avenue. As Dan, Manny, and Fournier walked down Bryant Avenue, a car pulled up; one of its two occupants hopped out, said, “What’s up now, Dap?” and then opened fire. Despite gunshot wounds to his leg, Manny

1 To avoid confusion, we refer to Dan Colon and Manny Colon by their first names.

13‐2828‐pr Julio Alvarez v. Robert Ercole

fled on foot while Fournier, who was also hit, played dead. Both of the teenagers survived. Dan, however, died en route to the hospital.

NYPD officers questioned Manny and Fournier within hours of the shooting, but neither identified the shooter or the driver. Fournier said that the car was “possibly a Toyota,” and Manny described it as “a small gold or silver car.” That same day, NYPD Detective Donnelly interviewed Ariel Roche, a car mechanic working on Bryant Avenue. Donnelly jotted notes during the interview, which he turned into a DD5 investigation report. According to Donnelly’s notes and the DD5, Roche told Donnelly that, at the sound of gunfire, he had run to the shop’s door, facing onto Bryant Avenue. Roche saw an Hispanic male in his twenties get into the back of a four‐door gold or gray Maxima or Altima type vehicle. Roche said the man was carrying a gun. Donnelly’s notes include Roche’s description of watching the gold or gray car back down Bryant Avenue (a one‐way street), make a turn, and then head northwest on Hunts Point Avenue. The car, Roche said, had New York plates.

The day after the shooting, a Sunday, Manny told police that he remembered the shooter’s name was “Julio.” On Monday, April 8, Detective DeSalvo in the 44th Precinct called Detective Monaco in the 41st (who was

13‐2828‐pr Julio Alvarez v. Robert Ercole

investigating Dan’s homicide). DeSalvo had detained Edwin Vasquez, a computer technician who claimed to have information about Dan’s murder. Detective Monaco interviewed Vasquez, taking hand‐written notes which he later turned into a DD5 investigative report. According to the report, Vasquez told Monaco that either late on the night of Dan’s murder, or early the following morning, Vasquez’s longtime acquaintance “Julio” told Vasquez that he “took care of” his “problem” with a man who had argued with Julio’s wife, “Vianchi.” In the report’s words, Vasquez told the detectives that “the guy who was killed” had insulted both Julio and Vianchi, a slight that Julio could not “let . . . lie.” The report also included Vasquez’s description of Julio as a Dominican man in his thirties who used the nickname “Chan” or “Chang,” drove a gray or charcoal‐ colored Acura Legend, and hung around a dark‐skinned man known as the “General.”

The DD5 shows that Vasquez also gave the detective a phone number for Julio. Monaco’s notes from this interview include information additional to the DD5 report, like his notation “rips drug dealers—JULIO” on a page with Julio’s nicknames, physical description, phone number, and what appear to be directions to Julio’s home in Hunt’s Point, near the shooting. Below the

13‐2828‐pr Julio Alvarez v. Robert Ercole

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