IMG-013 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ____________
No. 11-1822 ____________
JULIAN RAJANAYAGAN ANANDARAJAH, Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, Respondent __________________________________
On a Petition For Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (Agency No. A097-302-954) Immigration Judge: Eugene Pugliese __________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) December 21, 2011 Before: SMITH, HARDIMAN AND STAPLETON, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: December 28, 2011) ____________
OPINION ____________
PER CURIAM
Julian Rajanayagan Anandarajah (“Anandarajah”) petitions for review of the
Board of Immigration Appeals’ decision denying his third motion to reopen removal
proceedings. For the reasons that follow, we will deny the petition for review. Anandarajah, a native and citizen of Sri Lanka and an ethnic Tamil, petitioned for
review of the Board’s original order affirming the Immigration Judge’s decision to deny
his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention
Against Torture (“CAT”). In those applications, Anandarajah claimed a fear of
persecution on the ground that the Sri Lankan government believes he is, or was, a
supporter of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (“LTTE”). We denied the petition for
review, concluding that substantial evidence supported the IJ’s determination that
Anandarajah’s testimony was not credible. See Anandarajah v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 258
Fed. Appx. 495 (3d Cir. 2007).
On or about March 31, 2008, Anandarajah filed his first motion to reopen with the
Board to reapply for asylum on the basis of changed country conditions. Relying on the
2007 Country Report for Sri Lanka and other documentary evidence, Anandarajah
contended generally that there had been a breakdown in the enforcement of the 2002
Cease-Fire Accord between government security forces and the LTTE, resulting in
greater persecution of ethnic Tamils. He also contended that he would be detained upon
his arrival at the Columbo airport and interrogated by Sri Lankan police as a failed Tamil
asylum seeker.
On June 25, 2008, the Board denied the motion to reopen as untimely under 8
C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2) (providing for a 90-day deadline). The Board concluded that
conditions in Sri Lanka material to Anandarajah's claim of persecution had not worsened,
and thus the exception to timeliness did not apply, and his argument that he would be
persecuted as a failed asylum seeker did not provide a basis for applying the exception to
2 timeliness. Anandarajah petitioned for review, and, in his brief, he argued, among other
things, that he would be persecuted and tortured in Sri Lanka as a failed asylum seeker.
He further argued that the Board mischaracterized his failed asylum seeker argument by
failing to adequately consider that the Sri Lankan government now considers all Tamils
who have lived in the West to be LTTE sympathizers. We denied Anandarajah’s petition
for review in Anandarajah v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 352 Fed. Appx. 667 (3d Cir. 2009) (per
curiam), concluding that the Board did not abuse its discretion in determining that he
failed to show changed country conditions sufficient to excuse the untimeliness of his
motion to reopen. Moreover, we agreed with the Board that Anandarajah’s failed asylum
seeker argument involved a change in personal circumstances – not a change in country
conditions – and changed personal circumstances are insufficient to excuse an alien from
the time limit on a motion to reopen. See id. at 672.
On December 11, 2009, Anandarajah filed a second motion to reopen with the
Board. He presented evidence that his attorney, Visuvanathan Rudrakumaran, is known
internationally for his support of the LTTE, and he argued that he was in danger because
of his attorney-client relationship with Rudrakumaran. He noted that, after our 2009
decision in his case became public, he was publically linked to Rudrakumaran. He had
recently received a letter from his mother informing him that she had received an
anonymous telephone call in which the caller inquired about him and Rudrakumaran.
She believed the call originated at the Sri Lankan Defense Department. On January 29,
2010, the Board denied the motion to reopen as untimely and number-barred. The Board
noted that the factual basis of Anandarajah’s claim for asylum had previously been
3 rejected as not credible, and then rejected his motion to reopen because it proceeded as if
his prior claims had been accepted as true. Anandarajah petitioned for review at C.A.
No. 10-1498, but the petition was procedurally terminated at his request after we denied
his motion for a stay of removal.
At issue now, on September 15, 2010, Anandarajah filed a third motion to reopen
with the Board, once again seeking an exemption from the time and number limits on the
basis of changed country conditions. This motion advanced the same arguments as the
second motion to reopen, in that Anandarajah once again claimed that Rudrakumaran is a
known LTTE sympathizer, and thus he (Anandarajah) is in danger because of his
association with Rudrakumaran. Again he contended that the Sri Lankan Defense
authorities had been in touch with his mother and she was interrogated by gunmen about
his involvement with Rudrakumaran. Anandarajah attached to the motion essentially the
same substantive evidence as in his previous motion, including an affidavit from his
mother, letters from Sri Lankan parliamentarians, letters from family and friends, and
articles concerning Rudrakumaran.
On March 4, 2011, the Board denied the motion as untimely and number-barred,
see 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c). The Board noted that it had
previously affirmed the IJ’s adverse credibility determination, and had denied
Anandarajah’s two previous motions to reopen as untimely and/or number-barred. In
both of his previous motions to reopen, Anandarajah had failed to demonstrate changed
circumstances in Sri Lanka that were material to his asylum claim, and, in the most recent
(third) motion, he had once again failed to rebut the IJ’s original adverse credibility
4 determination. The Board listed Anandarajah’s evidence of changed country conditions,
and specifically described his mother’s statement, but, it held that, in view of the IJ’s
findings, including the adverse credibility finding, the new evidence did not demonstrate
meaningfully changed conditions in Sri Lanka.
Anandarajah petitions for review of the Board’s March 4, 2011 decision. We have
jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1), (b)(1). In his brief, in pertinent part, he
contends that the Board erred in denying his motion to reopen on the basis of an adverse
credibility determination that related to his past experiences only, and that the Board’s
finding that there has been no material change in country conditions in Sri Lanka since
2005 is not supported by substantial evidence.1
We will deny the petition for review.
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IMG-013 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ____________
No. 11-1822 ____________
JULIAN RAJANAYAGAN ANANDARAJAH, Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, Respondent __________________________________
On a Petition For Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (Agency No. A097-302-954) Immigration Judge: Eugene Pugliese __________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) December 21, 2011 Before: SMITH, HARDIMAN AND STAPLETON, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: December 28, 2011) ____________
OPINION ____________
PER CURIAM
Julian Rajanayagan Anandarajah (“Anandarajah”) petitions for review of the
Board of Immigration Appeals’ decision denying his third motion to reopen removal
proceedings. For the reasons that follow, we will deny the petition for review. Anandarajah, a native and citizen of Sri Lanka and an ethnic Tamil, petitioned for
review of the Board’s original order affirming the Immigration Judge’s decision to deny
his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention
Against Torture (“CAT”). In those applications, Anandarajah claimed a fear of
persecution on the ground that the Sri Lankan government believes he is, or was, a
supporter of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (“LTTE”). We denied the petition for
review, concluding that substantial evidence supported the IJ’s determination that
Anandarajah’s testimony was not credible. See Anandarajah v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 258
Fed. Appx. 495 (3d Cir. 2007).
On or about March 31, 2008, Anandarajah filed his first motion to reopen with the
Board to reapply for asylum on the basis of changed country conditions. Relying on the
2007 Country Report for Sri Lanka and other documentary evidence, Anandarajah
contended generally that there had been a breakdown in the enforcement of the 2002
Cease-Fire Accord between government security forces and the LTTE, resulting in
greater persecution of ethnic Tamils. He also contended that he would be detained upon
his arrival at the Columbo airport and interrogated by Sri Lankan police as a failed Tamil
asylum seeker.
On June 25, 2008, the Board denied the motion to reopen as untimely under 8
C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2) (providing for a 90-day deadline). The Board concluded that
conditions in Sri Lanka material to Anandarajah's claim of persecution had not worsened,
and thus the exception to timeliness did not apply, and his argument that he would be
persecuted as a failed asylum seeker did not provide a basis for applying the exception to
2 timeliness. Anandarajah petitioned for review, and, in his brief, he argued, among other
things, that he would be persecuted and tortured in Sri Lanka as a failed asylum seeker.
He further argued that the Board mischaracterized his failed asylum seeker argument by
failing to adequately consider that the Sri Lankan government now considers all Tamils
who have lived in the West to be LTTE sympathizers. We denied Anandarajah’s petition
for review in Anandarajah v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 352 Fed. Appx. 667 (3d Cir. 2009) (per
curiam), concluding that the Board did not abuse its discretion in determining that he
failed to show changed country conditions sufficient to excuse the untimeliness of his
motion to reopen. Moreover, we agreed with the Board that Anandarajah’s failed asylum
seeker argument involved a change in personal circumstances – not a change in country
conditions – and changed personal circumstances are insufficient to excuse an alien from
the time limit on a motion to reopen. See id. at 672.
On December 11, 2009, Anandarajah filed a second motion to reopen with the
Board. He presented evidence that his attorney, Visuvanathan Rudrakumaran, is known
internationally for his support of the LTTE, and he argued that he was in danger because
of his attorney-client relationship with Rudrakumaran. He noted that, after our 2009
decision in his case became public, he was publically linked to Rudrakumaran. He had
recently received a letter from his mother informing him that she had received an
anonymous telephone call in which the caller inquired about him and Rudrakumaran.
She believed the call originated at the Sri Lankan Defense Department. On January 29,
2010, the Board denied the motion to reopen as untimely and number-barred. The Board
noted that the factual basis of Anandarajah’s claim for asylum had previously been
3 rejected as not credible, and then rejected his motion to reopen because it proceeded as if
his prior claims had been accepted as true. Anandarajah petitioned for review at C.A.
No. 10-1498, but the petition was procedurally terminated at his request after we denied
his motion for a stay of removal.
At issue now, on September 15, 2010, Anandarajah filed a third motion to reopen
with the Board, once again seeking an exemption from the time and number limits on the
basis of changed country conditions. This motion advanced the same arguments as the
second motion to reopen, in that Anandarajah once again claimed that Rudrakumaran is a
known LTTE sympathizer, and thus he (Anandarajah) is in danger because of his
association with Rudrakumaran. Again he contended that the Sri Lankan Defense
authorities had been in touch with his mother and she was interrogated by gunmen about
his involvement with Rudrakumaran. Anandarajah attached to the motion essentially the
same substantive evidence as in his previous motion, including an affidavit from his
mother, letters from Sri Lankan parliamentarians, letters from family and friends, and
articles concerning Rudrakumaran.
On March 4, 2011, the Board denied the motion as untimely and number-barred,
see 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c). The Board noted that it had
previously affirmed the IJ’s adverse credibility determination, and had denied
Anandarajah’s two previous motions to reopen as untimely and/or number-barred. In
both of his previous motions to reopen, Anandarajah had failed to demonstrate changed
circumstances in Sri Lanka that were material to his asylum claim, and, in the most recent
(third) motion, he had once again failed to rebut the IJ’s original adverse credibility
4 determination. The Board listed Anandarajah’s evidence of changed country conditions,
and specifically described his mother’s statement, but, it held that, in view of the IJ’s
findings, including the adverse credibility finding, the new evidence did not demonstrate
meaningfully changed conditions in Sri Lanka.
Anandarajah petitions for review of the Board’s March 4, 2011 decision. We have
jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1), (b)(1). In his brief, in pertinent part, he
contends that the Board erred in denying his motion to reopen on the basis of an adverse
credibility determination that related to his past experiences only, and that the Board’s
finding that there has been no material change in country conditions in Sri Lanka since
2005 is not supported by substantial evidence.1
We will deny the petition for review. The Board did not abuse its discretion in
denying Anandarajah’ s third motion to reopen. Immigration & Naturalization Serv. v.
Doherty, 502 U.S. 314, 323 (1992); Sevoian v. Ashcroft, 290 F.3d 166, 174 (3d Cir.
2002). A motion to reopen may be filed to “apply or reapply for asylum or withholding
of deportation based on changed circumstances arising in the country of nationality or in
the country to which deportation has been ordered, if such evidence is material and was
not available and could not have been discovered or presented at the previous hearing.” 8
C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii). The time and number limitations that usually apply to motions
to reopen do not apply to a motion based on changed country conditions. Id.
1 We conclude that Anandarajah’s other arguments lack merit and do not require discussion. 5 Anandarajah’s most recent motion to reopen is based on information concerning
his counsel’s affiliation with LTTE. Even assuming that this is new evidence, it is not
evidence that conditions in Sri Lanka have worsened for LTTE sympathizers, or those
who are perceived to be sympathizers, since Anandarajah’s removal hearing or since he
filed his last motion to reopen. Anandarajah alleged a change in his personal
circumstances in the United States, that is, his retention of attorney Rudrakumaran, and
we have held that changed personal circumstances are insufficient to excuse an alien
from the time and number limits on a motion to reopen. Liu v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 555
F.3d 145 (3d Cir. 2009). An alien may file a successive asylum application based on
changed personal circumstances or changed country conditions, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. §
1158(a)(2)(D), at any time during proceedings before the entry of a final order of
removal, or within the 90-day deadline for a motion to reopen. Outside of those
circumstances, changed country conditions under 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii) must be
shown. Id. at 150-52. The Board correctly determined that the required showing was not
made here.
The Board did not abuse its discretion in relying to some degree on the prior
adverse credibility determination. In Guo v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 556, 562 (3d Cir. 2004),
we held that a prior adverse credibility finding with respect to a religious persecution
claim was not relevant to a subsequent motion to reopen asserting a claim based on
China’s coercive population control policies. In Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148, 156 (2d
Cir. 2006), the Second Circuit Court of Appeals held that “a withholding of removal
claim . . . premised exclusively on objective evidence of future persecution, may, in
6 appropriate instances, be sustained even though an IJ, in the context of an asylum claim,
has found not credible the applicant’s testimony alleging past persecution.” Id. at 156.
In Anandarajah’s case, the IJ found his overall account not credible. The IJ did
not find certain of Anandarajah’s assertions credible, thereby leaving a claim of future
persecution – based as it is here on Sri Lanka’s perception of Anandarajah’s LTTE
connections – viable. Guo and Paul are therefore inapposite. Anandarajah has presented
no new separate and distinct asylum claim; he has simply asserted new personal conduct
in the United States in support of his previous claim. None of the evidence Anandarajah
proffered with his fourth motion to reopen adequately rebutted the prior adverse
credibility determination, nor did it even remotely establish the existence of changed
country conditions in Sri Lanka, just as the Board concluded. Moreover, we agree with
the Government that Anandarajah’s persecution claim, based as it is on his association
with Rudrakumaran, is largely a reiteration of his “failed asylum seeker” argument. We
rejected that argument when we reviewed the Board’s denial of his first motion to reopen,
see Anandarajah, 352 Fed. Appx. at 672, and Anandarajah’s third motion to reopen
provides no persuasive basis for us to reconsider our previous rejection of this claim.
Without evidence of changed country conditions material to his claim for asylum,
Anandarajah’s third motion to reopen was untimely and number-barred, and the Board
therefore acted within its discretion in denying the motion on that basis.
For the foregoing reasons, we will deny the petition for review.