AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed May 8, 2015.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-14-00545-CR
JOSHUA JAY ORTIZ, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 283rd Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1359238-T
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Lang, Stoddart, and Schenck Opinion by Justice Schenck A jury convicted Joshua Jay Ortiz of burglary of a habitation, and the trial court assessed
punishment at twenty-five years’ incarceration. In a single issue, appellant challenges the
sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction. We affirm. Because all issues are settled
in law, we issue this memorandum opinion. TEX. RS. APP. P. 47.2(a), 47.4.
BACKGROUND
An intruder broke into the Wear family’s home and removed items including an iPad, a
jewelry box, and cosmetics. The Wear children, ages eleven and thirteen, were home alone.
Both children testified that they heard two knocks on the front door followed by a loud banging.
They wisely escaped the house through a window and ran to a neighbor’s house to seek help.
Neither child saw the intruder. The neighbor called 911. Officer Jeremy Johnson promptly responded to the 911 call. Shortly after arriving at the
scene, Johnson saw appellant, carrying a full black trash bag, walking down the street. Johnson
drove up to appellant and asked to speak with him. Appellant replied, “I don’t have to talk to
you. I didn’t do [expletive].” Appellant then fled across Harry Hines Boulevard, dropping the
bag in the process. Officer Shane Voss retrieved the bag from the street. Appellant was
apprehended by Officer Melanie Evans after a chase on foot through Brookhollow Country Club.
Evans testified that appellant had removed his shirt while attempting to run from the police.
The police inventoried the items in the black trash bag. The Wears identified the items in
the bag as belonging to them. One of the children and her mother Lorena Weir testified that their
front door had been broken down and that someone had gone through the drawers in their home.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence under the standard set out in
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979). Matlock v. State, 392 S.W.3d 662, 667 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2013). In conducting our review, we consider all of the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict and determine whether a rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319;
Matlock, 392 S.W.3d at 667. This standard recognizes the “responsibility of the trier of fact
fairly to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable
inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.” Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319. The jury, as finder of
fact, is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and can choose to believe all, some, or
none of the testimony presented by the parties. See Sharp v. State, 707 S.W.2d 611, 614 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1986). We may not re-evaluate the weight and credibility of the record evidence and
thereby substitute our judgment for that of the fact finder. Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742,
750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Evidence is sufficient if “the inferences necessary to establish guilt
–2– are reasonable based on the cumulative force of all the evidence when considered in the light
most favorable to the verdict.” See Wise v. State, 364 S.W.3d 900, 903 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012);
see also Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). On appeal, the same
standard of review is used for both circumstantial and direct evidence cases. Hooper, 214
S.W.3d at 13.
DISCUSSION
To obtain a conviction for burglary of a habitation, the State was required to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that: (1) appellant; (2) entered a habitation; (3) without the effective
consent of the Wears; (4) in order to commit or attempt to commit a theft. See TEX. PENAL CODE
ANN. § 30.02(a)(3) (West 2011). Appellant argues there was no direct evidence that he entered
the Wears’ home. He also contends there was insufficient circumstantial evidence to prove his
commission of the burglary “because none of it properly warrants an inference of guilt.”
Appellant correctly points out that no one saw him entering, in, or leaving the Wears’
home. He argues that because the Wears’ home is close to Harry Hines Boulevard, where there
are a number of commercial businesses, his presence in the area was not significant. However,
appellant (1) was seen, by a police officer responding immediately to the 911 call at the Wears’
home, walking away with a large black trash bag; (2) refused to stop and answer questions from
the officer; (3) fled from the officer; (4) dropped the bag, which when retrieved by another police
officer, was determined to contain the Wears’ stolen items; (5) took off his shirt while fleeing;
and (6) offered no explanation for his possession of the property. The State argues that all of
these circumstances warrant inferences of guilt.
Burglary may be proven solely through circumstantial evidence. See, e.g., Poncio v.
State, 185 S.W.3d 904, 905 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). A defendant’s unexplained possession of
property recently stolen in a burglary permits an inference that the defendant committed the
–3– burglary if it is established that the possession was personal, recent, and unexplained, and that
the defendant made a distinct and conscious assertion of the right to the property. Rollerson v.
State, 227 S.W.3d 718, 725 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007); Sutherlin v. State, 682 S.W.2d 546, 549
(Tex. Crim. App. 1984). Further, a defendant’s attempt to flee from law enforcement, while not
alone sufficient to support a conviction, is a circumstance from which an inference of guilt may
be drawn. Valdez v. State, 623 S.W.2d 317, 321 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979). Appellant contends
that his “momentary possession” of the bag of stolen goods does not warrant an inference of
guilt. He contends that because he discarded the bag containing the Wears’ property on a public
street “almost immediately,” he made no distinct and conscious assertion of right to the property,
ignoring that he dropped the stolen property in the act of fleeing Officer Johnson. In
combination with his other actions, however, including his unprompted denial of wrongdoing
and his statement that he need not explain anything to the police, and considering the short
period of time between the burglary and appellant’s possession of the property, there was
sufficient evidence from which the jury could find, beyond a reasonable doubt, that appellant
committed the burglary.
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AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed May 8, 2015.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-14-00545-CR
JOSHUA JAY ORTIZ, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 283rd Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1359238-T
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Lang, Stoddart, and Schenck Opinion by Justice Schenck A jury convicted Joshua Jay Ortiz of burglary of a habitation, and the trial court assessed
punishment at twenty-five years’ incarceration. In a single issue, appellant challenges the
sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction. We affirm. Because all issues are settled
in law, we issue this memorandum opinion. TEX. RS. APP. P. 47.2(a), 47.4.
BACKGROUND
An intruder broke into the Wear family’s home and removed items including an iPad, a
jewelry box, and cosmetics. The Wear children, ages eleven and thirteen, were home alone.
Both children testified that they heard two knocks on the front door followed by a loud banging.
They wisely escaped the house through a window and ran to a neighbor’s house to seek help.
Neither child saw the intruder. The neighbor called 911. Officer Jeremy Johnson promptly responded to the 911 call. Shortly after arriving at the
scene, Johnson saw appellant, carrying a full black trash bag, walking down the street. Johnson
drove up to appellant and asked to speak with him. Appellant replied, “I don’t have to talk to
you. I didn’t do [expletive].” Appellant then fled across Harry Hines Boulevard, dropping the
bag in the process. Officer Shane Voss retrieved the bag from the street. Appellant was
apprehended by Officer Melanie Evans after a chase on foot through Brookhollow Country Club.
Evans testified that appellant had removed his shirt while attempting to run from the police.
The police inventoried the items in the black trash bag. The Wears identified the items in
the bag as belonging to them. One of the children and her mother Lorena Weir testified that their
front door had been broken down and that someone had gone through the drawers in their home.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence under the standard set out in
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979). Matlock v. State, 392 S.W.3d 662, 667 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2013). In conducting our review, we consider all of the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict and determine whether a rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319;
Matlock, 392 S.W.3d at 667. This standard recognizes the “responsibility of the trier of fact
fairly to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable
inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.” Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319. The jury, as finder of
fact, is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and can choose to believe all, some, or
none of the testimony presented by the parties. See Sharp v. State, 707 S.W.2d 611, 614 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1986). We may not re-evaluate the weight and credibility of the record evidence and
thereby substitute our judgment for that of the fact finder. Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742,
750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Evidence is sufficient if “the inferences necessary to establish guilt
–2– are reasonable based on the cumulative force of all the evidence when considered in the light
most favorable to the verdict.” See Wise v. State, 364 S.W.3d 900, 903 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012);
see also Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). On appeal, the same
standard of review is used for both circumstantial and direct evidence cases. Hooper, 214
S.W.3d at 13.
DISCUSSION
To obtain a conviction for burglary of a habitation, the State was required to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that: (1) appellant; (2) entered a habitation; (3) without the effective
consent of the Wears; (4) in order to commit or attempt to commit a theft. See TEX. PENAL CODE
ANN. § 30.02(a)(3) (West 2011). Appellant argues there was no direct evidence that he entered
the Wears’ home. He also contends there was insufficient circumstantial evidence to prove his
commission of the burglary “because none of it properly warrants an inference of guilt.”
Appellant correctly points out that no one saw him entering, in, or leaving the Wears’
home. He argues that because the Wears’ home is close to Harry Hines Boulevard, where there
are a number of commercial businesses, his presence in the area was not significant. However,
appellant (1) was seen, by a police officer responding immediately to the 911 call at the Wears’
home, walking away with a large black trash bag; (2) refused to stop and answer questions from
the officer; (3) fled from the officer; (4) dropped the bag, which when retrieved by another police
officer, was determined to contain the Wears’ stolen items; (5) took off his shirt while fleeing;
and (6) offered no explanation for his possession of the property. The State argues that all of
these circumstances warrant inferences of guilt.
Burglary may be proven solely through circumstantial evidence. See, e.g., Poncio v.
State, 185 S.W.3d 904, 905 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). A defendant’s unexplained possession of
property recently stolen in a burglary permits an inference that the defendant committed the
–3– burglary if it is established that the possession was personal, recent, and unexplained, and that
the defendant made a distinct and conscious assertion of the right to the property. Rollerson v.
State, 227 S.W.3d 718, 725 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007); Sutherlin v. State, 682 S.W.2d 546, 549
(Tex. Crim. App. 1984). Further, a defendant’s attempt to flee from law enforcement, while not
alone sufficient to support a conviction, is a circumstance from which an inference of guilt may
be drawn. Valdez v. State, 623 S.W.2d 317, 321 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979). Appellant contends
that his “momentary possession” of the bag of stolen goods does not warrant an inference of
guilt. He contends that because he discarded the bag containing the Wears’ property on a public
street “almost immediately,” he made no distinct and conscious assertion of right to the property,
ignoring that he dropped the stolen property in the act of fleeing Officer Johnson. In
combination with his other actions, however, including his unprompted denial of wrongdoing
and his statement that he need not explain anything to the police, and considering the short
period of time between the burglary and appellant’s possession of the property, there was
sufficient evidence from which the jury could find, beyond a reasonable doubt, that appellant
committed the burglary. See, e.g., Naranjo v. State, 217 S.W.3d 560, 571 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 2006, no pet.) (generally, shorter interval between theft and possession supports
stronger inference that defendant committed burglary).
CONCLUSION
Reviewing all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude a
rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant entered the
Wears’ home with the intent to commit or attempt to commit theft. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.
§ 30.02(a)(3); Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; Matlock, 392 S.W.3d at 667. Thus, the evidence is
sufficient to support the conviction. We overrule appellant’s sole issue.
–4– We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/David J. Schenck/ DAVID J. SCHENCK JUSTICE Do Not Publish TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)
140545F.U05
–5– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
JOSHUA JAY ORTIZ, Appellant On Appeal from the 283rd Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-14-00545-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F-1359238-T. Opinion delivered by Justice Schenck, THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices Lang and Stoddart participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 8th day of May, 2015.
–6–