COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Frank, Alston and Senior Judge Coleman
JOSEPH COLLEGE MEMORANDUM OPINION * v. Record No. 2631-09-2 PER CURIAM JULY 20, 2010 PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY Joel C. Cunningham, Judge
(James C. Bell; Blessing & Bell, on brief), for appellant.
(Jody Holyst Fariss; H. Evans Thomas, V, Guardian ad litem for the minor child, on brief), for appellee.
Joseph College (father) appeals the trial court’s ruling approving the initial foster care plan
for his child. Father argues that the trial court erred in (1) finding that his child was subject to abuse
and/or neglect and (2) approving the initial foster care plan for his child submitted by the Prince
Edward County Department of Social Services (the Department). Upon reviewing the record and
briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily
affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.
BACKGROUND
We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below and grant
to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of
Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991).
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. Father has a child who was born in August 2002. Prior to her removal, the child was
sexually abused by her brother and her mother’s fiancé. Father did not seek any mental health
services for the child.
The Department had been involved with the family prior to the child’s removal. The
Department developed a safety plan for the child with father. Father was living with his
girlfriend and four other children in a one-bedroom motel room. Upon several visits to the
motel, the Department found the room to be filthy, and the children were dirty. The child was
sent home from school on August 28, 2008 with head lice.
On September 10, 2008, the Department removed the child from the motel room because
it was unsanitary. The room was filled with trash, it smelled, and contained roaches. The child
was dirty, and her hair was matted. She was hungry because she had not eaten breakfast or
dinner the previous night. When the child entered the Department’s care, she was physically
scrubbed and treated for lice. A dentist had to pull the child’s two front teeth because they were
rotten. She also required two crowns and had to have eleven teeth filled due to cavities.
The Department filed a petition requesting emergency removal because the child was
abused or neglected and would be subjected to an imminent threat to life or health if the child
remained in the custody of her father. The Prince Edward County Juvenile and Domestic
Relations District Court (the J&DR court) approved the emergency removal. 1
The Department followed up by filing an initial foster care plan. The Department wanted
father to participate in and complete a psychological evaluation and follow through with the
recommendations. The Department also required father to obtain and maintain appropriate and
clean housing. Father was required to go to parenting classes, cooperate with the Department,
1 The child was subsequently placed with her grandmother. -2- and regularly visit with the child. Father did not follow any of the Department’s
recommendations.
On November 19, 2008, the J&DR court approved the initial foster care plan and entered
a protective order. Father appealed to the circuit court. After hearing evidence and argument,
the trial court found that the child was abused and neglected and approved the initial foster care
plan. The trial court entered orders regarding its rulings on November 19, 2009. Father timely
noted his appeal.
ANALSYIS
I.
Father argues that the trial court erred in finding that the child was abused and neglected.
“Abused or neglected child” means any child:
1. Whose parents or other person responsible for his care creates or inflicts, threatens to create or inflict, or allows to be created or inflicted upon such child a physical or mental injury by other than accidental means, or creates a substantial risk of death, disfigurement or impairment of bodily or mental functions . . . ;
2. Whose parents or other person responsible for his care neglects or refuses to provide care necessary for his health . . . .
Code § 16.1-228.
“At the conclusion of the preliminary removal order hearing, the court shall determine
whether the allegations of abuse or neglect have been proven by a preponderance of the
evidence.” Code § 16.1-252(G).
Father contends the Department’s evidence failed to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that the child was abused and neglected. Father acknowledges that the motel room was
dirty and that the child was dirty and had dental problems. However, he asserts that this
-3- evidence did not rise to the level of the child being placed in such imminent harm that she had to
be removed from his care.
The trial court noted the child’s condition upon her removal from the home, i.e. her dirty
skin and matted hair; the fact that she had not eaten breakfast or dinner the previous night; her
poor dental hygiene; and the sexual abuse. The trial court held that the child “was neglected . . .
and abused. The Court finds that her condition at the time that she was withdrawn from the
motel by the Department of Social Services, that her little life, her young tender years was in
imminent danger.” The trial court concluded that the child was “better for” the Department’s
quick actions.
“Where, as here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great
weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support
it.” Martin v. Pittsylvania County Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16
(1986) (citations omitted).
There was sufficient evidence to prove, based on a preponderance of the evidence, that
the child was abused and neglected. The living conditions were deplorable and unsanitary. The
child was dirty and hungry, had lice, and had severe dental problems. The trial court did not err
in making its finding.
II.
Father argues that the trial court erred in approving the initial foster care plan for the
child. He contends he should have had the right to an independent psychological evaluation and
to choose his own psychologist. 2 He asserts that a psychologist’s report will not assist him in
reuniting with his child.
2 The Department argued that father had an opportunity to select a psychologist to perform the evaluation, but father refused to do so.
-4- Rule 5A:20(e) mandated that appellant’s opening brief include “[t]he principles of law,
the argument, and the authorities relating to each question presented . . . .” Father did not
comply with Rule 5A:20(e) because his opening brief did not contain any principles of law, or
citation to legal authorities, or the record to fully develop his arguments that the trial court erred
in approving the foster care plan, which included a provision that father have a psychological
evaluation.
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Frank, Alston and Senior Judge Coleman
JOSEPH COLLEGE MEMORANDUM OPINION * v. Record No. 2631-09-2 PER CURIAM JULY 20, 2010 PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY Joel C. Cunningham, Judge
(James C. Bell; Blessing & Bell, on brief), for appellant.
(Jody Holyst Fariss; H. Evans Thomas, V, Guardian ad litem for the minor child, on brief), for appellee.
Joseph College (father) appeals the trial court’s ruling approving the initial foster care plan
for his child. Father argues that the trial court erred in (1) finding that his child was subject to abuse
and/or neglect and (2) approving the initial foster care plan for his child submitted by the Prince
Edward County Department of Social Services (the Department). Upon reviewing the record and
briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily
affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.
BACKGROUND
We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below and grant
to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of
Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991).
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. Father has a child who was born in August 2002. Prior to her removal, the child was
sexually abused by her brother and her mother’s fiancé. Father did not seek any mental health
services for the child.
The Department had been involved with the family prior to the child’s removal. The
Department developed a safety plan for the child with father. Father was living with his
girlfriend and four other children in a one-bedroom motel room. Upon several visits to the
motel, the Department found the room to be filthy, and the children were dirty. The child was
sent home from school on August 28, 2008 with head lice.
On September 10, 2008, the Department removed the child from the motel room because
it was unsanitary. The room was filled with trash, it smelled, and contained roaches. The child
was dirty, and her hair was matted. She was hungry because she had not eaten breakfast or
dinner the previous night. When the child entered the Department’s care, she was physically
scrubbed and treated for lice. A dentist had to pull the child’s two front teeth because they were
rotten. She also required two crowns and had to have eleven teeth filled due to cavities.
The Department filed a petition requesting emergency removal because the child was
abused or neglected and would be subjected to an imminent threat to life or health if the child
remained in the custody of her father. The Prince Edward County Juvenile and Domestic
Relations District Court (the J&DR court) approved the emergency removal. 1
The Department followed up by filing an initial foster care plan. The Department wanted
father to participate in and complete a psychological evaluation and follow through with the
recommendations. The Department also required father to obtain and maintain appropriate and
clean housing. Father was required to go to parenting classes, cooperate with the Department,
1 The child was subsequently placed with her grandmother. -2- and regularly visit with the child. Father did not follow any of the Department’s
recommendations.
On November 19, 2008, the J&DR court approved the initial foster care plan and entered
a protective order. Father appealed to the circuit court. After hearing evidence and argument,
the trial court found that the child was abused and neglected and approved the initial foster care
plan. The trial court entered orders regarding its rulings on November 19, 2009. Father timely
noted his appeal.
ANALSYIS
I.
Father argues that the trial court erred in finding that the child was abused and neglected.
“Abused or neglected child” means any child:
1. Whose parents or other person responsible for his care creates or inflicts, threatens to create or inflict, or allows to be created or inflicted upon such child a physical or mental injury by other than accidental means, or creates a substantial risk of death, disfigurement or impairment of bodily or mental functions . . . ;
2. Whose parents or other person responsible for his care neglects or refuses to provide care necessary for his health . . . .
Code § 16.1-228.
“At the conclusion of the preliminary removal order hearing, the court shall determine
whether the allegations of abuse or neglect have been proven by a preponderance of the
evidence.” Code § 16.1-252(G).
Father contends the Department’s evidence failed to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that the child was abused and neglected. Father acknowledges that the motel room was
dirty and that the child was dirty and had dental problems. However, he asserts that this
-3- evidence did not rise to the level of the child being placed in such imminent harm that she had to
be removed from his care.
The trial court noted the child’s condition upon her removal from the home, i.e. her dirty
skin and matted hair; the fact that she had not eaten breakfast or dinner the previous night; her
poor dental hygiene; and the sexual abuse. The trial court held that the child “was neglected . . .
and abused. The Court finds that her condition at the time that she was withdrawn from the
motel by the Department of Social Services, that her little life, her young tender years was in
imminent danger.” The trial court concluded that the child was “better for” the Department’s
quick actions.
“Where, as here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great
weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support
it.” Martin v. Pittsylvania County Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16
(1986) (citations omitted).
There was sufficient evidence to prove, based on a preponderance of the evidence, that
the child was abused and neglected. The living conditions were deplorable and unsanitary. The
child was dirty and hungry, had lice, and had severe dental problems. The trial court did not err
in making its finding.
II.
Father argues that the trial court erred in approving the initial foster care plan for the
child. He contends he should have had the right to an independent psychological evaluation and
to choose his own psychologist. 2 He asserts that a psychologist’s report will not assist him in
reuniting with his child.
2 The Department argued that father had an opportunity to select a psychologist to perform the evaluation, but father refused to do so.
-4- Rule 5A:20(e) mandated that appellant’s opening brief include “[t]he principles of law,
the argument, and the authorities relating to each question presented . . . .” Father did not
comply with Rule 5A:20(e) because his opening brief did not contain any principles of law, or
citation to legal authorities, or the record to fully develop his arguments that the trial court erred
in approving the foster care plan, which included a provision that father have a psychological
evaluation.
Father has the burden of showing that reversible error was committed. See Lutes v.
Alexander, 14 Va. App. 1075, 1077, 421 S.E.2d 857, 859 (1992). Unsupported assertions of
error “do not merit appellate consideration.” Buchanan v. Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56, 415
S.E.2d 237, 239 (1992).
We find that father’s failure to comply with Rule 5A:20(e) is significant, so we will not
consider his second question presented. See Fadness v. Fadness, 52 Va. App. 833, 851, 667
S.E.2d 857, 866 (2008) (“If the parties believed that the circuit court erred, it was their duty to
present that error to us with legal authority to support their contention.”); Parks v. Parks, 52
Va. App. 663, 664, 666 S.E.2d 547, 548 (2008).
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.
Affirmed.
-5-