IN THE TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-14-00335-CR
JOSEPH CLYDE FORD, Appellant v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
From the 19th District Court McLennan County, Texas Trial Court No. 2013-1178-C1
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The trial court convicted Joseph Clyde Ford of the offense of failure to register as
a sex offender. The trial court found the enhancement paragraph to be true and assessed
punishment at twenty years confinement. We affirm.
In the sole issue on appeal, Ford contends that the evidence is insufficient to
support his conviction. The Court of Criminal Appeals has expressed our standard of
review of a sufficiency issue as follows: In determining whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support a conviction, a reviewing court must consider all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether, based on that evidence and reasonable inferences therefrom, a rational fact finder could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318-19 (1979); Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). This "familiar standard gives full play to the responsibility of the trier of fact fairly to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts." Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319. "Each fact need not point directly and independently to the guilt of the appellant, as long as the cumulative force of all the incriminating circumstances is sufficient to support the conviction." Hooper, 214 S.W.3d at 13.
Lucio v. State, 351 S.W.3d 878, 894 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011), cert den’d, 132 S.Ct. 2712, 183
L.Ed.2d 71 (2012).
The Court of Criminal Appeals has also explained that our review of "all of the
evidence" includes evidence that was properly and improperly admitted. Conner v. State,
67 S.W.3d 192, 197 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001). And if the record supports conflicting
inferences, we must presume that the factfinder resolved the conflicts in favor of the
prosecution and therefore defer to that determination. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307,
326, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979). Further, direct and circumstantial evidence
are treated equally: "Circumstantial evidence is as probative as direct evidence in
establishing the guilt of an actor, and circumstantial evidence alone can be sufficient to
establish guilt." Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Finally, it is well
established that the factfinder is entitled to judge the credibility of witnesses and can
choose to believe all, some, or none of the testimony presented by the parties. Chambers
v. State, 805 S.W.2d 459, 461 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991).
Ford v. State Page 2 Betty Wilson, with the Waco Police Department, testified that Ford completed a
sex offender registration form January 25, 2012. On that form, Ford listed his residence as
1217 Mary, Waco, Texas. That address is the location for a shelter, My Brother’s Keeper.
On October 17, 2012, Ford again registered his address with the Waco Police Department
as 1217 Mary in Waco. Ford did not register with the Waco Police Department after
October 17, 2012. Wilson testified that on March 28, 2013, she contacted My Brother’s
Keeper, and she was told that Ford was no longer living there. Ford never informed
Wilson that he was no longer living at My Brother’s Keeper.
Officer Richard Johnson, with the Waco Police Department, testified that on March
31, 2013, Betty Wilson contacted him and asked him to go by My Brother’s Keeper to see
if Ford was staying there. After learning that Ford was not at My Brother’s Keeper,
Officer Johnson found Ford at another location. Ford told Officer Johnson that he was no
longer staying at My Brother’s Keeper because they were going to charge him money to
stay there. Officer Johnson testified that Ford told him he was staying at “tent city” over
by the Brazos River. Officer Johnson told Ford he needed to contact Betty Wilson for
registration.
Carlton Willis testified that he is the program director for Mission Waco, which
runs My Brother’s Keeper. Willis stated that a person staying at My Brother’s Keeper
would have to sign-up daily to stay at My Brother’s Keeper and is not allowed to sign-up
to stay multiple nights. An individual staying at My Brother’s Keeper is required to
check-out each morning and to sign-in when arriving at night. My Brother’s Keeper
maintains records detailing who stays at the facility. Willis testified that My Brother’s
Ford v. State Page 3 Keeper charges a nominal fee to stay at the facility. If a person is unable to pay the fee,
he will be assigned a chore to cover the fee. Willis stated that Ford last stayed at My
Brother’s Keeper on August 14, 2012. Willis testified that if an individual was sleeping
or staying outside of the building, he would be asked to leave.
Ford testified that he informed Betty Wilson that he was not staying inside the
building of My Brother’s Keeper. He testified that he told her My Brother’s Keeper was
charging him to stay there so he “may be there or around about there.” Ford further
testified that he never told Officer Johnson he was staying at “tent city.”
To support a conviction for failure to register as a sex offender, the State was
required to prove that Ford: (1) was required to register as a sex offender under Chapter
62 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, and (2) failed to comply with Article
62.055(a) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art.
62.055(a). Section 62.055 (a) provides alternative manners and means of committing an
offense. Thomas v. State, 444 S.W.3d 4, 9-10 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014). A person commits an
offense if he (1) fails to report a change of address "not later than the seventh day before
the intended change," or (2) fails to report "not later than the ... seventh day after changing
the address." Id at 10.
In this case, as in Thomas, the indictment was not as broad as authorized by law
because the State alleged a specific manner and means. See Thomas v. State, 444 S.W.3d at
10. As a result of specifying a specific statutory manner and means in the indictment,
the "law as authorized by the indictment" in this case allowed Ford to be convicted only
Ford v. State Page 4 if he failed to report a change in address "not later than the seventh day before the
intended change."
Ford argues that the evidence was insufficient to show that he moved or intended
to move from My Brother’s Keeper. In Thomas, the appellant registered his address as an
apartment on South Green Street. Thomas v. State, 444 S.W.3d at 6. The Longview Police
Department contacted the manager of the apartment to ask if she was aware a registered
sex offender was residing at the apartment. The manager indicated that she was not and
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IN THE TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-14-00335-CR
JOSEPH CLYDE FORD, Appellant v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
From the 19th District Court McLennan County, Texas Trial Court No. 2013-1178-C1
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The trial court convicted Joseph Clyde Ford of the offense of failure to register as
a sex offender. The trial court found the enhancement paragraph to be true and assessed
punishment at twenty years confinement. We affirm.
In the sole issue on appeal, Ford contends that the evidence is insufficient to
support his conviction. The Court of Criminal Appeals has expressed our standard of
review of a sufficiency issue as follows: In determining whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support a conviction, a reviewing court must consider all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether, based on that evidence and reasonable inferences therefrom, a rational fact finder could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318-19 (1979); Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). This "familiar standard gives full play to the responsibility of the trier of fact fairly to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts." Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319. "Each fact need not point directly and independently to the guilt of the appellant, as long as the cumulative force of all the incriminating circumstances is sufficient to support the conviction." Hooper, 214 S.W.3d at 13.
Lucio v. State, 351 S.W.3d 878, 894 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011), cert den’d, 132 S.Ct. 2712, 183
L.Ed.2d 71 (2012).
The Court of Criminal Appeals has also explained that our review of "all of the
evidence" includes evidence that was properly and improperly admitted. Conner v. State,
67 S.W.3d 192, 197 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001). And if the record supports conflicting
inferences, we must presume that the factfinder resolved the conflicts in favor of the
prosecution and therefore defer to that determination. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307,
326, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979). Further, direct and circumstantial evidence
are treated equally: "Circumstantial evidence is as probative as direct evidence in
establishing the guilt of an actor, and circumstantial evidence alone can be sufficient to
establish guilt." Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Finally, it is well
established that the factfinder is entitled to judge the credibility of witnesses and can
choose to believe all, some, or none of the testimony presented by the parties. Chambers
v. State, 805 S.W.2d 459, 461 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991).
Ford v. State Page 2 Betty Wilson, with the Waco Police Department, testified that Ford completed a
sex offender registration form January 25, 2012. On that form, Ford listed his residence as
1217 Mary, Waco, Texas. That address is the location for a shelter, My Brother’s Keeper.
On October 17, 2012, Ford again registered his address with the Waco Police Department
as 1217 Mary in Waco. Ford did not register with the Waco Police Department after
October 17, 2012. Wilson testified that on March 28, 2013, she contacted My Brother’s
Keeper, and she was told that Ford was no longer living there. Ford never informed
Wilson that he was no longer living at My Brother’s Keeper.
Officer Richard Johnson, with the Waco Police Department, testified that on March
31, 2013, Betty Wilson contacted him and asked him to go by My Brother’s Keeper to see
if Ford was staying there. After learning that Ford was not at My Brother’s Keeper,
Officer Johnson found Ford at another location. Ford told Officer Johnson that he was no
longer staying at My Brother’s Keeper because they were going to charge him money to
stay there. Officer Johnson testified that Ford told him he was staying at “tent city” over
by the Brazos River. Officer Johnson told Ford he needed to contact Betty Wilson for
registration.
Carlton Willis testified that he is the program director for Mission Waco, which
runs My Brother’s Keeper. Willis stated that a person staying at My Brother’s Keeper
would have to sign-up daily to stay at My Brother’s Keeper and is not allowed to sign-up
to stay multiple nights. An individual staying at My Brother’s Keeper is required to
check-out each morning and to sign-in when arriving at night. My Brother’s Keeper
maintains records detailing who stays at the facility. Willis testified that My Brother’s
Ford v. State Page 3 Keeper charges a nominal fee to stay at the facility. If a person is unable to pay the fee,
he will be assigned a chore to cover the fee. Willis stated that Ford last stayed at My
Brother’s Keeper on August 14, 2012. Willis testified that if an individual was sleeping
or staying outside of the building, he would be asked to leave.
Ford testified that he informed Betty Wilson that he was not staying inside the
building of My Brother’s Keeper. He testified that he told her My Brother’s Keeper was
charging him to stay there so he “may be there or around about there.” Ford further
testified that he never told Officer Johnson he was staying at “tent city.”
To support a conviction for failure to register as a sex offender, the State was
required to prove that Ford: (1) was required to register as a sex offender under Chapter
62 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, and (2) failed to comply with Article
62.055(a) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art.
62.055(a). Section 62.055 (a) provides alternative manners and means of committing an
offense. Thomas v. State, 444 S.W.3d 4, 9-10 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014). A person commits an
offense if he (1) fails to report a change of address "not later than the seventh day before
the intended change," or (2) fails to report "not later than the ... seventh day after changing
the address." Id at 10.
In this case, as in Thomas, the indictment was not as broad as authorized by law
because the State alleged a specific manner and means. See Thomas v. State, 444 S.W.3d at
10. As a result of specifying a specific statutory manner and means in the indictment,
the "law as authorized by the indictment" in this case allowed Ford to be convicted only
Ford v. State Page 4 if he failed to report a change in address "not later than the seventh day before the
intended change."
Ford argues that the evidence was insufficient to show that he moved or intended
to move from My Brother’s Keeper. In Thomas, the appellant registered his address as an
apartment on South Green Street. Thomas v. State, 444 S.W.3d at 6. The Longview Police
Department contacted the manager of the apartment to ask if she was aware a registered
sex offender was residing at the apartment. The manager indicated that she was not and
asked the police to issue a criminal trespass warning to Appellant. Appellant was
arrested on outstanding warrants, and he gave another address on Houston Street when
he was booked into the county jail. On June 25, an officer went to the South Green address
to ask the manager if Appellant was residing there, and the manager said he was not.
The officer then went to the address on Houston Street where he found Appellant.
Appellant told the officer that he was staying at the residence on Houston Street.
The Court found that the factfinder was entitled to believe the officer’s testimony
that Appellant told him he lived on Houston Street as of June 25 and to disregard other
contrary testimony that he lied about moving. Thomas v. State, 444 S.W.3d at 10. The
Court stated that the factfinder could have further “reasonably concluded that Appellant
was guilty of the charged crime because he never reported his intended change in address
in person and at least seven days before his intended move on June 25.” Id. The Court
noted that the latest date on which Appellant could have complied with the law to report
his intended change in address would have been June 18, but Appellant never appeared
in person to report his intended change of address. Id. at 10-11.
Ford v. State Page 5 The facts in this case are similar to those in Thomas. Officer Johnson testified that
on March 31, 2013, Ford told him he was no longer living at the My Brother’s Keeper
address and that he was living at “tent city.” The factfinder was entitled to believe Officer
Johnson’s testimony that as of March 31, 2013, Ford said he lived at “tent city.” Ford was
therefore required to report his intended change of address at least seven days prior to
that date. The record shows that Ford did not report his intended change of address prior
to March 24, 2013. We find that the evidence is sufficient to support Ford’s conviction for
failure to register as a sex offender. We overrule the sole issue.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
AL SCOGGINS Justice
Before Chief Justice Gray, Justice Davis, and Justice Scoggins Affirmed Opinion delivered and filed November 5, 2015 Do not publish [CR 25]
Ford v. State Page 6