NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ______________
No. 20-3006
______________
JOSE SERRANO-ARIAS,
Petitioner v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Respondent
______________
On Petition for Review of a Decision and Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA-1: A205-829-261) Immigration Judge: Charles Honeyman ______________
Submitted under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a) June 2, 2021
BEFORE: HARDIMAN, PHIPPS, and COWEN, Circuit Judges
(Filed: July 7, 2021) ______________
OPINION* ______________
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. COWEN, Circuit Judge.
Jose Serrano-Arias petitions for review of the decision by the Board of
Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) denying his motion to reopen. We will dismiss his
petition.
I.
Serrano-Arias is a native and citizen of Mexico. He entered the United States
without being admitted or paroled, and removal proceedings were subsequently
commenced. Conceding removability, Serrano-Arias filed an application for cancellation
of removal. On June 7, 2017, the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denied the application on the
grounds that Serrano-Arias failed to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that his
children (Jose, Alexis, and Ivan) “would suffer exceptional and extremely unusual
hardship [under 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1)(D)] given what is intended by the statutory
provisions, legislative history, and applicable case law.” (AR117-AR118.) Serrano-
Arias appealed to the BIA. In its April 25, 2018 decision, the agency dismissed the
appeal. The BIA specifically “agree[ed] with the Immigration Judge that the respondent
does not qualify for cancellation of removal because he did not demonstrate that his
removal would result in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship to any of his
qualifying relatives, his three United States citizen children.” (AR72.) The BIA also
found no clear error in the IJ’s findings of fact and rejected Serrano-Arias’s assertion that
the IJ denied his due process rights by failing to provide a thorough analysis of all of the
factors relating to the hardship determination.
Serrano-Arias filed a “Motion to Reconsider in Light of Pereira v. Sessions” with
2 the BIA on October 10, 2018. (AR42 (addressing Pereira v. Sessions, 138 S. Ct. 2105
(2018)).) On October 30, 2019, the BIA denied the motion for reconsideration. The BIA
explained that the continuous presence requirement (addressed by the Supreme Court in
Pereira) was not at issue and that instead his application for cancellation of removal was
denied because he had failed to establish the requisite exceptional and extremely unusual
hardship to a qualifying relative. In turn, the agency determined that “[t]he respondent
has not alleged that our original decision affirming the Immigration Judge contains any
errors of fact or law concerning the requisite hardship.” (AR40.) Serrano-Arias filed a
petition for review with this Court, which granted the government’s motion for summary
disposition and denied the petition on January 23, 2020. See Serrano-Arias v. Attorney
General, 790 F. App’x 363 (3d Cir. 2020) (per curiam). We determined that the Pereira
decision was irrelevant to the dispositive issue and, because he did not allege any other
errors of fact or law in his motion for reconsideration, the BIA acted within its discretion
by denying relief. In turn, the Court lacked jurisdiction with respect to Serrano-Arias’s
argument that the BIA had erred in affirming the IJ’s hardship findings because he had
failed to file a timely petition for review with respect to the initial agency decision.
On February 21, 2020, Serrano-Arias filed a motion entitled “Second Motion to
Reconsider and Remand.” (AR18.) The BIA denied this motion on September 3, 2020.
According to the agency, “[i]nasmuch as this motion is a motion to reconsider, the
motion is number barred because it is the respondent’s second motion to reconsider.”
(AR3 (citing 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(b)(2)).) The BIA explained that the motion was really a
motion to reopen based on allegations of previously unavailable evidence, specifically
3 evidence that his United States citizen stepson (Irvin) was receiving psychological
treatment due to his distress about Serrano-Arias’s impending removal. The BIA
determined that such a motion to reopen was untimely and did not fall within any
exception to the time limit. “Further, [it] conclude[d] that neither sua sponte reopening
nor equitable tolling of the 90-day filing deadline would be appropriate here because
[Serrano-Arias’s] motion [did] not establish prima facie eligibility for cancellation of
removal.” (Id. (citing INS v. Doherty, 502 U.S. 314, 332 (1992) (Scalia, J., concurring in
the judgment in part and dissenting in part); In re L-O-G-, 21 I. & N. Dec. 413, 414 (BIA
1996)).) The BIA observed that, in order to establish prima facie eligibility for
cancellation of removal, Serrano-Arias had to present evidence indicating a reasonable
likelihood that a qualifying relative would experience exceptional and extraordinary
hardship upon Serrano-Arias’s removal. While expressly acknowledging his stepson’s
diagnosis and treatment, the BIA believed that “the hardship that the stepson is likely to
experience is not so severe that it could be plausibly deemed ‘exceptional and extremely
unusual hardship.’” (AR4 (quoting In re Monreal, 23 I. & N. Dec. 56, 62 (BIA 2001)).)
In addition to noting that Irvin’s prognosis was described as moderate and that he would
continue to be able to receive the necessary therapy in this country given Serrano-Arias’s
testimony that his children would remain in the United States, the agency pointed out that
“this evidence is not new and previously unavailable, as [Serrano-Arias] submitted
evidence of his son’s psychological treatment with his previous motion to reconsider.”
(Id.) “Moreover, [the BIA] previously affirmed the Immigration Judge’s conclusion that
the emotional and economic hardship [Serrano-Arias’s] qualifying relatives would
4 experience did not amount to the requisite hardship necessary, and [Serrano-Arias] has
not provided new and previously unavailable evidence to establish that such hardship has
since escalated.” (Id. (citing AR72).)
II.
Serrano-Arias does not challenge the BIA’s conclusion that his motion was
untimely under the 90-day framework for motions to reopen.1 See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. §
1229a(c)(7)(C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.23(b)(1). He instead asserts that, “[r]egarding
timeliness, the BIA has the authority of equitable [tolling] the filing of the motion or a
sua sponte reopening.” (Petitioner’s Brief at 15.) According to Serrano-Arias, he “met
his burden of showing this new evidence not available at the time of the merits hearing of
exceptional and extremely unusual hardship reveals a ‘reasonable likelihood that the
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ______________
No. 20-3006
______________
JOSE SERRANO-ARIAS,
Petitioner v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Respondent
______________
On Petition for Review of a Decision and Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA-1: A205-829-261) Immigration Judge: Charles Honeyman ______________
Submitted under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a) June 2, 2021
BEFORE: HARDIMAN, PHIPPS, and COWEN, Circuit Judges
(Filed: July 7, 2021) ______________
OPINION* ______________
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. COWEN, Circuit Judge.
Jose Serrano-Arias petitions for review of the decision by the Board of
Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) denying his motion to reopen. We will dismiss his
petition.
I.
Serrano-Arias is a native and citizen of Mexico. He entered the United States
without being admitted or paroled, and removal proceedings were subsequently
commenced. Conceding removability, Serrano-Arias filed an application for cancellation
of removal. On June 7, 2017, the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denied the application on the
grounds that Serrano-Arias failed to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that his
children (Jose, Alexis, and Ivan) “would suffer exceptional and extremely unusual
hardship [under 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1)(D)] given what is intended by the statutory
provisions, legislative history, and applicable case law.” (AR117-AR118.) Serrano-
Arias appealed to the BIA. In its April 25, 2018 decision, the agency dismissed the
appeal. The BIA specifically “agree[ed] with the Immigration Judge that the respondent
does not qualify for cancellation of removal because he did not demonstrate that his
removal would result in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship to any of his
qualifying relatives, his three United States citizen children.” (AR72.) The BIA also
found no clear error in the IJ’s findings of fact and rejected Serrano-Arias’s assertion that
the IJ denied his due process rights by failing to provide a thorough analysis of all of the
factors relating to the hardship determination.
Serrano-Arias filed a “Motion to Reconsider in Light of Pereira v. Sessions” with
2 the BIA on October 10, 2018. (AR42 (addressing Pereira v. Sessions, 138 S. Ct. 2105
(2018)).) On October 30, 2019, the BIA denied the motion for reconsideration. The BIA
explained that the continuous presence requirement (addressed by the Supreme Court in
Pereira) was not at issue and that instead his application for cancellation of removal was
denied because he had failed to establish the requisite exceptional and extremely unusual
hardship to a qualifying relative. In turn, the agency determined that “[t]he respondent
has not alleged that our original decision affirming the Immigration Judge contains any
errors of fact or law concerning the requisite hardship.” (AR40.) Serrano-Arias filed a
petition for review with this Court, which granted the government’s motion for summary
disposition and denied the petition on January 23, 2020. See Serrano-Arias v. Attorney
General, 790 F. App’x 363 (3d Cir. 2020) (per curiam). We determined that the Pereira
decision was irrelevant to the dispositive issue and, because he did not allege any other
errors of fact or law in his motion for reconsideration, the BIA acted within its discretion
by denying relief. In turn, the Court lacked jurisdiction with respect to Serrano-Arias’s
argument that the BIA had erred in affirming the IJ’s hardship findings because he had
failed to file a timely petition for review with respect to the initial agency decision.
On February 21, 2020, Serrano-Arias filed a motion entitled “Second Motion to
Reconsider and Remand.” (AR18.) The BIA denied this motion on September 3, 2020.
According to the agency, “[i]nasmuch as this motion is a motion to reconsider, the
motion is number barred because it is the respondent’s second motion to reconsider.”
(AR3 (citing 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(b)(2)).) The BIA explained that the motion was really a
motion to reopen based on allegations of previously unavailable evidence, specifically
3 evidence that his United States citizen stepson (Irvin) was receiving psychological
treatment due to his distress about Serrano-Arias’s impending removal. The BIA
determined that such a motion to reopen was untimely and did not fall within any
exception to the time limit. “Further, [it] conclude[d] that neither sua sponte reopening
nor equitable tolling of the 90-day filing deadline would be appropriate here because
[Serrano-Arias’s] motion [did] not establish prima facie eligibility for cancellation of
removal.” (Id. (citing INS v. Doherty, 502 U.S. 314, 332 (1992) (Scalia, J., concurring in
the judgment in part and dissenting in part); In re L-O-G-, 21 I. & N. Dec. 413, 414 (BIA
1996)).) The BIA observed that, in order to establish prima facie eligibility for
cancellation of removal, Serrano-Arias had to present evidence indicating a reasonable
likelihood that a qualifying relative would experience exceptional and extraordinary
hardship upon Serrano-Arias’s removal. While expressly acknowledging his stepson’s
diagnosis and treatment, the BIA believed that “the hardship that the stepson is likely to
experience is not so severe that it could be plausibly deemed ‘exceptional and extremely
unusual hardship.’” (AR4 (quoting In re Monreal, 23 I. & N. Dec. 56, 62 (BIA 2001)).)
In addition to noting that Irvin’s prognosis was described as moderate and that he would
continue to be able to receive the necessary therapy in this country given Serrano-Arias’s
testimony that his children would remain in the United States, the agency pointed out that
“this evidence is not new and previously unavailable, as [Serrano-Arias] submitted
evidence of his son’s psychological treatment with his previous motion to reconsider.”
(Id.) “Moreover, [the BIA] previously affirmed the Immigration Judge’s conclusion that
the emotional and economic hardship [Serrano-Arias’s] qualifying relatives would
4 experience did not amount to the requisite hardship necessary, and [Serrano-Arias] has
not provided new and previously unavailable evidence to establish that such hardship has
since escalated.” (Id. (citing AR72).)
II.
Serrano-Arias does not challenge the BIA’s conclusion that his motion was
untimely under the 90-day framework for motions to reopen.1 See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. §
1229a(c)(7)(C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.23(b)(1). He instead asserts that, “[r]egarding
timeliness, the BIA has the authority of equitable [tolling] the filing of the motion or a
sua sponte reopening.” (Petitioner’s Brief at 15.) According to Serrano-Arias, he “met
his burden of showing this new evidence not available at the time of the merits hearing of
exceptional and extremely unusual hardship reveals a ‘reasonable likelihood that the
statutory requirements for relief have been satisfied’” and established that “his immediate
relatives are to suffer extreme and unusual hardship if he is removed from the United
States, and the decision issued by the BIA constituted an abuse of discretion.” (Id. at 9
(quoting Ordonez v. INS, 345 F.3d 777, 785 (9th Cir. 2003)).)
However, we lack the jurisdiction to review the BIA’s denial of reopening on the
grounds that “there is not a reasonable likelihood that the respondent would establish that
his qualifying relatives would experience exceptional and extremely unusual hardship
upon his removal” (AR4.) Pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i), this Court does not
have the jurisdiction to review the agency’s discretionary determinations regarding
1 Serrano-Arias likewise does not contest the BIA’s determination that, if it had been a motion for reconsideration, his motion would have been barred because he had already filed an earlier motion for reconsideration. See, e.g., 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(b)(2). 5 cancellation of removal. See, e.g., Patel v. Attorney General, 619 F.3d 230, 232 (3d Cir.
2010). “The determination of whether the alien has established the requisite hardship is a
quintessential discretionary judgment.” Mendez-Moranchel v. Ashcroft, 338 F.3d 176,
179 (3d Cir. 2003). We do retain jurisdiction over colorable legal or constitutional
questions. See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D); Pareja v. Attorney General, 615 F.3d
180, 186 (3d Cir. 2010). But Serrano-Arias does not raise any colorable constitutional or
legal claims. See, e.g., Pareja, 615 F.3d at 186 (“To determine whether a claim is
colorable, we ask whether ‘it is immaterial and made solely for the purpose of obtaining
jurisdiction or is wholly insubstantial and frivolous.’” (quoting Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp.,
546 U.S. 500, 513 n.10 (2006))); Jarbough v. Attorney General, 483 F.3d 184, 189 (3d
Cir. 2007) (stating that the Court “will look beyond” an attached label and “analyze the
substance of a claim”). At best, his arguments are really objections to how the BIA
considered and weighed his evidence as part of its discretionary hardship determination.
See, e.g., Pareja, 615 F.3d at 186-87; Jarbough, 483 F.3d at 189.
III.
For the foregoing reasons, we will dismiss the petition for review.