NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ______________
No. 21-3045 ______________
JOSE CLEOFUS BELTRAN-LEON, Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
______________
PETITION FOR REVIEW OF AN ORDER OF THE BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS (Agency No. A206-907-632) Immigration Judge: Charles M. Honeyman ______________
Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a) January 23, 2023 ______________
Before: SHWARTZ, BIBAS, and FUENTES, Circuit Judges.
(Filed: January 23, 2023) ______________
OPINION ∗ ______________
∗ This disposition is not an opinion of the full court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. SHWARTZ, Circuit Judge.
Petitioner Jose Cleofus Beltran-Leon seeks review of the Board of Immigration
Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision affirming the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his request
for cancellation for removal. Because Beltran-Leon’s arguments amount to
disagreements with the agency’s exercise of discretion and findings of fact, we will
dismiss the petition for lack of jurisdiction.
I
A
Beltran-Leon, a native and citizen of Mexico, entered the United States without
inspection in 1994 or 1995. In 2014, Beltran-Leon was arrested for driving under the
influence and sentenced to forty-five days in jail and ninety days of house arrest. The
Department of Homeland Security thereafter commenced removal proceedings, charging
him with removability under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i) as a noncitizen present in the
United States without admission or parole. Beltran-Leon conceded his removability but
requested cancellation of removal as a non-permanent resident under 8 U.S.C. §
1229b(b)(1), and designated his United States citizen daughter, TCB, 1 as a qualifying
relative. 2
1 Citing privacy reasons, Beltran-Leon uses the initials “TCB” to refer to his daughter and so we will do the same. 2 The Attorney General may cancel the removal of a non-permanent resident if the noncitizen establishes, among other things, that his “removal would result in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship” to his United States citizen child. 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1)(D). 2 At his merits hearing, Beltran-Leon testified that he was employed as a machine
operator and lived with his sister and her family, and that TCB, then an eighteen-year-old
high school senior, lived with her United States citizen mother who works at a grocery
store. Beltran-Leon testified that he saw TCB during weekend visits, and that they
communicated regularly online. Each month he paid TCB’s mother $320 for child
support and gave TCB approximately $100. He planned to continue supporting TCB
financially until she is twenty-one years old.
Beltran-Leon also testified that TCB: (1) suffers from depression and behavioral
disorders; and (2) does well academically and plans to attend college but is “very
aggressive” and has gotten into fights at school. AR 174-75. He testified that if he were
removed to Mexico, TCB would remain in the United States with her mother, suffer
financially, and continue to suffer from depression, and that his removal would therefore
result in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship to TCB.
Neither TCB nor her mother testified at the hearing, but both submitted letters.
TCB’s mother wrote that Beltran-Leon supports TCB financially and that without him
TCB “would be devastated.” AR 338. She further stated that she would “struggl[e]” to
raise TCB alone and is “afraid [TCB] will take the wrong path” without her father. AR
338, 340. TCB wrote that Beltran-Leon “has always provided for [her] when [she has]
needed something” and that her life would not be the same without him. AR 341.
B
The IJ determined that Beltran-Leon is ineligible for cancellation of removal under
8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1). The IJ found that Beltran-Leon’s monetary contributions to TCB
3 and her mother were “not insignificant,” AR 66, and acknowledged that losses of income
and support could be “absolutely devastating” to a family left behind but concluded that
there was “an evidentiary gap” in the record to prove that such was the case for TCB.
AR 69. The IJ further stated that the outcome would not necessarily be different with the
additional information, but it may have been a “closer call.” AR 69.
The IJ also considered TCB’s medical and psychological condition. He observed
that (1) the medical reports did not suggest that Beltran-Leon’s prior detention and
possible removal caused his daughter’s condition, and (2) Beltran-Leon’s relationship
with TCB seemed to be “one of estrangement,” AR 67, but that he could not assess the
full impact of Beltran-Leon’s removal on TCB without testimony from her or her mother.
As a result, the IJ ruled that Beltran-Leon failed to establish that his removal would result
in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship to TCB, denied his cancellation
application on that basis, and ordered Beltran-Leon removed to Mexico.
C
Beltran-Leon appealed the IJ’s decision to the BIA. The BIA dismissed the
appeal, affirming the IJ’s hardship finding. AR 2. The BIA (1) rejected Beltran-Leon’s
assertion that the IJ did not consider all relevant evidence, including TCB and her
mother’s letters of support, and concluded that the IJ was correct in finding that there was
no evidence documenting TCB’s “level of economic dependency” on Beltran-Leon, AR
3; (2) disagreed with Beltran-Leon’s contention that the IJ did not consider his daughter’s
mental health issues, pointing to parts of the IJ’s decision in which he analyzed those
concerns; and (3) rejected Beltran-Leon’s claim that the IJ did not sufficiently review
4 TCB’s special education needs, observing that the record does not indicate that she is
currently receiving any special educational assistance and that it was “unclear” if her
“educational needs remain relevant” because at the time of the 2018 hearing, she was in
her last year of high school and expected to graduate, AR 3 n.1. After considering “all
relevant [hardship] factors in the aggregate,” the BIA concluded that Beltran-Leon did
not establish that TCB’s hardship would “substantially surpass the ordinary hardships
that other family members experience when an [applicant] is removed from the United
States,” and dismissed the appeal. AR 3.
Beltran-Leon petitions for review.
II 3
We lack jurisdiction to review the denial of discretionary relief, including
cancellation of removal. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i); Hernandez-Morales v. Att’y Gen.,
977 F.3d 247, 249 (3d Cir. 2020). We retain limited jurisdiction, however, to consider
colorable “constitutional claims or questions of law,” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D); Chiao
Fang Ku v. Att’y Gen., 912 F.3d 133, 144 (3d Cir. 2019), which we review de novo,
Castro v.
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ______________
No. 21-3045 ______________
JOSE CLEOFUS BELTRAN-LEON, Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
______________
PETITION FOR REVIEW OF AN ORDER OF THE BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS (Agency No. A206-907-632) Immigration Judge: Charles M. Honeyman ______________
Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a) January 23, 2023 ______________
Before: SHWARTZ, BIBAS, and FUENTES, Circuit Judges.
(Filed: January 23, 2023) ______________
OPINION ∗ ______________
∗ This disposition is not an opinion of the full court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. SHWARTZ, Circuit Judge.
Petitioner Jose Cleofus Beltran-Leon seeks review of the Board of Immigration
Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision affirming the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his request
for cancellation for removal. Because Beltran-Leon’s arguments amount to
disagreements with the agency’s exercise of discretion and findings of fact, we will
dismiss the petition for lack of jurisdiction.
I
A
Beltran-Leon, a native and citizen of Mexico, entered the United States without
inspection in 1994 or 1995. In 2014, Beltran-Leon was arrested for driving under the
influence and sentenced to forty-five days in jail and ninety days of house arrest. The
Department of Homeland Security thereafter commenced removal proceedings, charging
him with removability under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i) as a noncitizen present in the
United States without admission or parole. Beltran-Leon conceded his removability but
requested cancellation of removal as a non-permanent resident under 8 U.S.C. §
1229b(b)(1), and designated his United States citizen daughter, TCB, 1 as a qualifying
relative. 2
1 Citing privacy reasons, Beltran-Leon uses the initials “TCB” to refer to his daughter and so we will do the same. 2 The Attorney General may cancel the removal of a non-permanent resident if the noncitizen establishes, among other things, that his “removal would result in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship” to his United States citizen child. 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1)(D). 2 At his merits hearing, Beltran-Leon testified that he was employed as a machine
operator and lived with his sister and her family, and that TCB, then an eighteen-year-old
high school senior, lived with her United States citizen mother who works at a grocery
store. Beltran-Leon testified that he saw TCB during weekend visits, and that they
communicated regularly online. Each month he paid TCB’s mother $320 for child
support and gave TCB approximately $100. He planned to continue supporting TCB
financially until she is twenty-one years old.
Beltran-Leon also testified that TCB: (1) suffers from depression and behavioral
disorders; and (2) does well academically and plans to attend college but is “very
aggressive” and has gotten into fights at school. AR 174-75. He testified that if he were
removed to Mexico, TCB would remain in the United States with her mother, suffer
financially, and continue to suffer from depression, and that his removal would therefore
result in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship to TCB.
Neither TCB nor her mother testified at the hearing, but both submitted letters.
TCB’s mother wrote that Beltran-Leon supports TCB financially and that without him
TCB “would be devastated.” AR 338. She further stated that she would “struggl[e]” to
raise TCB alone and is “afraid [TCB] will take the wrong path” without her father. AR
338, 340. TCB wrote that Beltran-Leon “has always provided for [her] when [she has]
needed something” and that her life would not be the same without him. AR 341.
B
The IJ determined that Beltran-Leon is ineligible for cancellation of removal under
8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1). The IJ found that Beltran-Leon’s monetary contributions to TCB
3 and her mother were “not insignificant,” AR 66, and acknowledged that losses of income
and support could be “absolutely devastating” to a family left behind but concluded that
there was “an evidentiary gap” in the record to prove that such was the case for TCB.
AR 69. The IJ further stated that the outcome would not necessarily be different with the
additional information, but it may have been a “closer call.” AR 69.
The IJ also considered TCB’s medical and psychological condition. He observed
that (1) the medical reports did not suggest that Beltran-Leon’s prior detention and
possible removal caused his daughter’s condition, and (2) Beltran-Leon’s relationship
with TCB seemed to be “one of estrangement,” AR 67, but that he could not assess the
full impact of Beltran-Leon’s removal on TCB without testimony from her or her mother.
As a result, the IJ ruled that Beltran-Leon failed to establish that his removal would result
in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship to TCB, denied his cancellation
application on that basis, and ordered Beltran-Leon removed to Mexico.
C
Beltran-Leon appealed the IJ’s decision to the BIA. The BIA dismissed the
appeal, affirming the IJ’s hardship finding. AR 2. The BIA (1) rejected Beltran-Leon’s
assertion that the IJ did not consider all relevant evidence, including TCB and her
mother’s letters of support, and concluded that the IJ was correct in finding that there was
no evidence documenting TCB’s “level of economic dependency” on Beltran-Leon, AR
3; (2) disagreed with Beltran-Leon’s contention that the IJ did not consider his daughter’s
mental health issues, pointing to parts of the IJ’s decision in which he analyzed those
concerns; and (3) rejected Beltran-Leon’s claim that the IJ did not sufficiently review
4 TCB’s special education needs, observing that the record does not indicate that she is
currently receiving any special educational assistance and that it was “unclear” if her
“educational needs remain relevant” because at the time of the 2018 hearing, she was in
her last year of high school and expected to graduate, AR 3 n.1. After considering “all
relevant [hardship] factors in the aggregate,” the BIA concluded that Beltran-Leon did
not establish that TCB’s hardship would “substantially surpass the ordinary hardships
that other family members experience when an [applicant] is removed from the United
States,” and dismissed the appeal. AR 3.
Beltran-Leon petitions for review.
II 3
We lack jurisdiction to review the denial of discretionary relief, including
cancellation of removal. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i); Hernandez-Morales v. Att’y Gen.,
977 F.3d 247, 249 (3d Cir. 2020). We retain limited jurisdiction, however, to consider
colorable “constitutional claims or questions of law,” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D); Chiao
Fang Ku v. Att’y Gen., 912 F.3d 133, 144 (3d Cir. 2019), which we review de novo,
Castro v. Att’y Gen., 671 F.3d 356, 364-65 (3d Cir. 2012).
The agency’s denial of cancellation of removal based on Beltran-Leon’s failure to
establish the requisite hardship “‘is a quintessential discretionary judgment’ over which
we lack jurisdiction.” Hernandez-Morales, 977 F.3d at 249 (quoting Mendez-Moranchel
3 The BIA had jurisdiction under 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(b)(3). We always have jurisdiction to determine our jurisdiction. Calderon-Rosas v. Att’y Gen., 957 F.3d 378, 384 n.2 (3d Cir. 2020). 5 v. Ashcroft, 338 F.3d 176, 178-79 (3d Cir. 2003)). Moreover, none of Beltran-Leon’s
arguments raise a colorable legal claim and thus we lack jurisdiction to review them.
First, we lack jurisdiction to consider Beltran-Leon’s argument that the agency
failed to meaningfully consider the letters of support from TCB and her mother because
this argument is merely a disagreement with the weight the IJ gave to those letters. 4 See
Chiao Fang Ku, 912 F.3d at 144 (“[W]e have consistently held [that] ‘arguments such as
that an [IJ] or the BIA incorrectly weighed evidence, failed to consider evidence or
improperly weighed equitable factors are not questions of law under § 1252(a)(2)(D).’”
(citation omitted)).
Second, the IJ’s conclusion that the absence of testimony from TCB and her
mother left “an evidentiary gap in th[e] record” did not raise an issue of corroboration
and credibility, 5 AR 69, and instead relates to the sufficiency of the evidence Beltran-
Leon put forth in support of his application. In fact, the IJ found that even if TCB and
her mother testified, the evidence may still have been insufficient. We lack jurisdiction
to review this evidentiary determination. Chiao Fang Ku, 912 F.3d at 144.
Third, we lack jurisdiction to review Beltran-Leon’s claim that the agency failed
to consider certain equitable factors. See id. (dismissing petition for lack of jurisdiction
4 Even if his “meaningful consideration” argument raised a question of law, Beltran-Leon’s assertion that the IJ failed to consider his arguments is belied by the record. The IJ identified the letters by exhibit markings and heard testimony consistent with parts of them. Moreover, the content of the letters was cumulative of other evidence the IJ considered. Accordingly, the agency properly considered the letters. 5 Beltran-Leon concedes that we lack jurisdiction to review the agency’s conclusion that the letters failed to fill an evidentiary gap in the record because it is a “factual finding[].” Patel v. Garland, 142 S. Ct. 1614, 1622 (2022). 6 because petitioner’s “argument boil[ed] down to her contention that the [BIA] failed to
consider certain equities relevant to the hardship determination”).
Finally, any dispute concerning Beltran-Leon’s claim that the BIA engaged in
improper fact finding is not colorable. Rather, the BIA’s inference regarding TCB’s
education status was akin to adopting the IJ’s findings of fact. Therefore, the claim is
meritless.
III
For the foregoing reasons, we will dismiss the petition for review.