Jorge v. Department of the Treasury

19 F. App'x 892
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
DecidedOctober 1, 2001
DocketNo. 00-3068
StatusPublished

This text of 19 F. App'x 892 (Jorge v. Department of the Treasury) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Jorge v. Department of the Treasury, 19 F. App'x 892 (Fed. Cir. 2001).

Opinion

LINN, Circuit Judge.

Valerio Jorge appeals the decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board (“Board”), affirming the decision of the Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) that his service as a Customs Inspector does not entitle him to “law enforcement officer” retirement credit under the Civil Service Retirement System (“CSRS”). Jorge v. Dep’t of the Treasury, No. AT-0831-98-0954-1-2 (M.S.P.B. Oct. 5, 1999). Because the Board’s decision to deny LEO service credit for the period at issue in this appeal is not arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion, and is otherwise in accordance with law, we affirm the Board’s denial of service credit for the period at issue in this appeal. However, because Treasury waived its timeliness defense with respect to Jorge’s request for LEO credit based on his individual duties, we hold that the Board erred in restricting the time period at issue in Jorge’s appeal. Thus, we reverse that portion of the decision and remand for a determination of [893]*893whether Jorge’s previous duties qualify for the service credit he requests.

BACKGROUND

Jorge is a Senior Customs Inspector covered by the CSRS. At the time of the Board’s initial decision, Jorge was sixty years old and performing his duties as a Senior Customs Inspector. He has worked as a Customs Inspector in Miami, Florida, since 1987. Since December 1993, Jorge has been permanently assigned as a Customs Inspector at three duty stations in Miami: (1) the Contraband Enforcement Team Outbound from December 23, 1993 through June 11, 1994; (2) the courier facilities from June 12, 1994 through September 30, 1994; and (3) the inbond/informal desk since October 1, 1994.

The position description for a Senior Customs Inspector states that the incumbent performs a wide range of complex advisory and coordinating duties, and other specialized assignments involving highly sensitive inspection and control issues. The Inspector must maintain proficiency in firearm use and be able to detect unusual behavior, merchandise, or documentation indicating possible violations, and take appropriate action to enforce the laws of Customs and other agencies.

The position description recognizes that contact with others may become hostile upon discovery of a violation of law. The position description also states that an Inspector’s work requires strenuous physical exertion such as: (1) lifting heavy objects; (2) crouching, crawling, and climbing to perform inspections of cargo, baggage, and vehicles; and (3) defending oneself or others against physical attack, using firearms only as a last resort.

Between December 23, 1993 and June 11, 1994, Jorge worked eight hours per day, 5 days per week, as an Inspector on the Contraband Enforcement Team Outbound. As a member of the Enforcement Team, Jorge searched cargo in warehouses and examined passengers and their luggage to prevent the unreported exportation of currency from the United States. Jorge’s Enforcement Team position description stated that he was to analyze information and identify shipments or passenger arrivals that were high-risk and required a more in-depth inspection. He had to plan the actions to be taken, coordinate team members and others, and lead the actions.

When searching cargo warehouses as a member of the Enforcement Team, Jorge visited two or three warehouses each day. At each warehouse, he spent about forty-five minutes reviewing shipping documents to identify cargo shipments for inspection. Although Jorge testified that he spoke with people in the warehouses, there is no evidence that he asked questions requiring Miranda warnings or for the purpose of criminally prosecuting anyone. The questions related to the location of cargo, examination of cargo, returning cargo to its place, and the existence of any suspicious activity observed by warehouse employees. Although Jorge testified that he “surveilled” the loading of cargo flights, the Board found it more accurate to describe what he did as observing the loading of cargo flights from a distance.

When examining passengers and their luggage, Jorge worked three or four passenger flights per day. To search outbound luggage for unreported currency, the bags were x-rayed and sniffed by detector dogs. If currency was detected via x-ray or dog, Jorge, with the assistance of the National Guard, would search the luggage. After the luggage was searched, Jorge went to the passenger jetways to inspect departing passengers, who had already been screened by the airport for [894]*894weapons. He could not inspect every passenger, so he selected passengers at random or based on their appearance and demeanor. He would also ask passengers certain routine currency questions, and might even pat-down the passenger. Jorge testified that he performed about two pat-downs each day. Although he testified that he has asked passengers to raise their shirts or drop their pants, he could not recall any resulting seizures. Jorge testified that, as a member of the Enforcement Team, he found currency many times. However, another employee testified that currency was found in warehouses once or twice a month at most. Jorge also testified that, at times, he arrested individuals when he detained them and also gave .them Miranda warnings because they were not free to go. However, the Board noted that written policy states that the Office of Enforcement (i.e., a Special Agent) will make any needed arrests.

From June 12, 1994 through September 30, 1994, Jorge worked five days per week, eight hours per day, at the Courier Facilities located within the perimeter of the airport. International express consignment carrier packages, ranging from documents to intangibles arriving from foreign countries, are brought to the Courier Facilities before being delivered by the couriers (e.g., Federal Express and United Parcel Service). Due to a high volume of incoming packages, Inspectors cannot examine every package. Inspectors review manifests and airway bills, x-ray packages, and utilize detector dogs to identify packages for inspection. If contraband is found, the Inspector must call his supervisor, who must call a Special Agent to take over the matter.

In Courier Facilities, Jorge worked overtime and carried a gun. However, he was not authorized to carry a weapon twenty-four hours a day. He was not on call twenty-four hours a day and was not required to participate in a mandatory physical fitness program. He did not give Miranda warnings or interrogate suspects, and he was able to take necessary breaks. Jorge admitted that, while working in Courier Facilities, he primarily searched courier packages and never arrested anyone.

From October 1994 through the time of his appeal to the Board, Jorge worked eight hours per day, five days per week, at the inbond/informal desk in a professional building located a few miles from the airport passenger terminals. In performing his duties at the inbond/informal desk, Jorge sat behind a glass partition, reviewed documentation, and processed in-bond and informal transactions.

Inbonds are merchandise, protected by a bond, which enter the country enroute to another U.S. port for entry or exportation to other countries. Informáis are shipments sought to be cleared for importation and valued at less than two thousand dollars. Individuals seeking to process or clear merchandise present paperwork to the inbond/informal Inspectors while the merchandise is stored in a separate warehouse.

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19 F. App'x 892, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/jorge-v-department-of-the-treasury-cafc-2001.