Jordan v. Maine Unemployment Ins. Comm'n

• Court: Superior Court of Maine
• Decided: May 1, 2009
• Docket: CUMap-08-028
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

STATE OF MAINE " SUPERIOR COURT CUMBERLAND, ss •... . , .. "

.. _ " ' . ' CIVIL ACTION ~ ,~ , , - 9.~T NO. ~!J;il,-?;V ~

CHRISTOPHER JORDAN, hO'l ;;,', y -­ I i-.! {: 58 Petitioner v. ORDER ON 80CAPPEAL MAINE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE COMMISSION, Respondent

Before the Court is Petitioner Christopher Jordan's appeal from a decision by the

Respondent Maine Unemployment Insurance Commission.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Petitioner Christopher Jordan (hereinafter "Petitioner" or "Jordan") applied for

unemployment benefits after his employer, Hamilton's Service Station, terminated him

on March 19, 2008. A Deputy of the Maine Department of Labor Bureau of

Unemployment Compensation determined that Jordan was disqualified from receiving

benefits because he was discharged for misconduct, as is defined in the Employment

Security Law, 26 M.R.S. § 1043(23) (2008). Jordan appealed to the Division of

Administrative Hearings. After a hearing, the Administrative Hearing Officer affirmed

the decision of the deputy. Shortly thereafter, Jordan appealed this decision to the

Maine Unemployment Insurance Commission ("Commission"). The Commission

affirmed and adopted the decision of the Administrative Hearing Officer. Jordan

requested reconsideration of the decision, but the Commission denied this request. This

appeal followed. 1

Ian January 7, 2009, the Court dismissed this action for want of prosecution. However, on January 14,2008, the Court treated a letter by the Petitioner as a motion to reconsider. On January 23, 2009, the Court granted that motion, thereby allowing the case to now be decided on th~ merits. FACTUAL BACKGROUND The employer, Hamilton's Service Station, employed Jordan as general help from

September 2007 until his discharge on March 19, 2008. He was required to report to

work at 8:00 a.m. During the course of his employment, and more so during the winter

months, Jordan was late to work by 5 to 20 minutes. In fact, the owner of Hamilton's

Service Station, Christopher Hamilton, testified 2 that Jordan was late 20 times during an

ll-week period. 3 Mr. Hamilton gave Jordan one oral warning about his tardiness. 4 On

February 15, 2008, Mr. Hamilton also gave Jordan a written warning, which made clear

that if he continued to be tardy for work the employer would "have no choice" but to

terminate his employment. Jordan signed this warning.

At the administrative hearing, Jordan admitted that he was late to work on

numerous occasions. In his testimony he blamed his tardiness on the weather, traffic,

car troubles, and the bus schedule. Jordan lived about two and a half miles from the

workplace but he only walked to work once.

Jordan's tardiness caused two problems for Hamilton's Service Station. First, the

employer needed him there at 8:00 a.m. because it was one of the employer's busiest

times of the day. In his absence, other employees would have to perform Jordan's

2 Respondent states that "[tJhe employer noted 11 times during a 20 week period in which [Jordan] was late." Resp.'s Sr. at 2; see also Resp.'s Br. at 6-7. However, the testimony ofMr. Hamilton states that "I've got the last 11 weeks of timecards, and on there, there was 20 times that he was late." R. at 28. 3 Jordan mistakenly argues it was in error for the Administrative Hearing Officer not to seek the admission of the timecards into evidence. Pet.'s Sr. at 3 ("It is my understanding that physical evidence is necessary for court cases."). Under the Maine Administrative Procedure Act, 5 M.R.S. §§ 8001-11008 (2008) the rules of evidence do not apply. 5 M.R.S. § 9057(1). Nevertheless, an administrative body may only admit evidence "if it is the kind of evidence upon which reasonable persons are accustomed to rely in the conduct of serious affairs." [d. § 9057(2). In this case, it stands to reason that reasonable people could rely solely on a business owner's testimony for the facts and circumstances regarding an employee's tardiness. Thus, it was not imperative for Mr. Hamilton to offer the timesheets themselves into evidence. 4 At the administrative hearing Mr. Hamilton offered a handwritten statement purportedly written by the service station manager, Justin Dyer. R. at 54. This statement, however, is not dated, sworn to, or authenticated in any other way. Thus, it does not meet the minimum standard of reliability for agency hearings as described in 5 M.R.S. § 9057(2). See Heal v. Me. Employment Sec. Comm 'n, 447 A.2d 1223, 1226 (1982) (holding that two "documents on their face [did] not supply any assurance of reliability."). Although this statement was admitted at the administrative hearing it should not have been, but it is not necessary to the support the findings and conclusions.

2 duties until he arrived. Second, Hamilton's Service Station employed three other

employees and the owner did not believe it was fair to the other employees to allow

Jordan to be tardy without consequences. Mr. Hamilton testified that such behavior

damaged morale in the workplace.

DISCUSSION

I. Standard of Review

·When the Superior Court reviews a final decision of the Unemployment

Insurance Commission pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 80C it reviews the decision to

determine "whether there exists any competent evidence to support the agency findings

and then ascertain whether upon those findings the applicable law has been correctly

applied." Schwartz v. Me. Unemployment Ins. Comm'n, 2006 ME 41, <]I 8,895 A.2d 965,

969. The Court "will not overrule findings of fact supported by competent evidence,

and where the [petitioner] is the party with the burden of proof before the Commission,

we will not disturb a decision of the Commission on issues of fact, unless the record

before the Commission compels a contrary result." Id. The Commission's findings of

fact may be reversed on appeal if the Court finds that they are unsupported by

substantial evidence on the whole record. 5 M.R.S. § 11007(4)(C)(5) (2008).

II. Misconduct

Under the Employment Security Law, an unemployed individual may receive

unemployment compensation provided that the individual meets certain eligibility

requirements. 26 M.R.S. § 1192(1)-(12) (2008). However, an individual is disqualified

for benefits if he is "discharged for misconduct connected with his work." Id. § 1193(2).

The statute defines "misconduct" as:

a culpable breach of the employee's duties or obligations to the employer or a pattern of irresponsible behavior, which in either case manifests a disregard for a material interest of the employer. This definition relates only to an employee's

3 entitlement to benefits and does not preclude an employer from discharging an employee for actions that are not included in this definition of misconduct. A finding that an employee has not engaged in misconduct for purposes of this chapter may not be used as evidence that the employer lacked justification for discharge.

A. The following acts or omissions are presumed to manifest a disregard for a material interest of the employer. If a culpable breach or a pattern of irresponsible behavior is shown, these actions or omissions constitute "misconduct" as defined in this subsection. This does not preclude other acts or omissions from being considered to manifest a disregard for a material interest of the employer. The acts or omissions included in the presumption are the following:

4) Failure to exercise due care for punctuality or attendance after warnings;

Id. § 1043(23)(A)(4). Under section 1043, there must be "a culpable breach of the

employee's duties or obligations to the employer or a pattern of irresponsible behavior."

Id. § 1043(23). To establish this, an employer can either rely on the presumption that

arises when an employee was terminated for misconduct, or the employer may rely on

other acts or omissions that may "manifest a disregard for a material interest of the

employer." See id.

The Court must make a "determination not only that the employer has a

reasonable standard for discharge, but also that the employee acted unreasonably in

failing to meet that standard." Wellby Super Drug Stores, Inc. v. Me. Unemployment Ins.

Comm'n, 603 A.2d 476,478 (Me. 1992) (quoting Thompson v. Me. Unemployment Ins.

Comm'n, 490 A.2d 219,222 (Me. 1985); Moore v. Dep't of Manpower Affairs, 388 A.2d 516,

519 (Me. 1978)). "For purposes of this analysis reasonableness is an objective standard

based on the circumstances of the case." Wellby Super Drug Stores, 603 A.2d at 478.

Additionally, the section 1043 standard "specifically includes within the definition of

misconduct careless or negligent acts of such degree that they are equivalent to

4 intentional or deliberate violations of an employer's standards." Forbes-Lilley v. Me.

Unemployment Ins. Comm 'n, 643 A.2d 377, 379 (Me. 1994).

A. Reasonable Standard

The first issue is whether the employer's standard for timeliness was a

reasonable standard for the company. The employer expected Jordan to arrive for work

at 8:00 a.m. It is undisputed that this expectation was communicated to Jordan. It is

difficult to envision a scenario where an employer's requirement for employees to

report to work on time could be viewed as unreasonable. In this case, the owner

proffered two legitimate reasons for why employee timeliness was important: first, the

business was particularly hectic at 8:00 a.m.; second, an employee's non-compliance

with company policies, without consequences, lowered the morale of other employees.

The owner clearly communicated this standard to Jordan on at least two occasions, once

orally and once in writing. At the time that Mr. Hamilton terminated Jordan he had

been late to work, on average, nearly two times per pay period.

For these reasons, the Court finds that there is competent evidence in the record

to support the Commission's conclusion, in affirming and adopting the decision of the

Administrative Hearing Officer, finding that the employer had a reasonable standard

for discharge. Thus, the first-prong of the two-prong test for misconduct is satisfied.

B. Objectively Unreasonable Actions of the Employee

The next prong of the analysis requires the Court to determine whether the

Commission had before it competent evidence for the conclusion that Jordan "acted

unreasonably in failing to meet" the employer's timeliness standard. See Wellby Super

Drug Stores, 603 A.2d at 478. As stated above, the employer produced undisputed

evidence that Jordan was repeatedly late for work. The employer warned Jordan orally

that this jeopardized his continued employment. Subsequently, the employer issued a

5 written warning to Jordan, which unequivocally stated that his continued tardiness

would result in his termination. Approximately one month after the written warning,

Jordan was late two more times. s After the second time, Mr. Hamilton terminated

Jordan due to his tardiness.

Jordan's actions demonstrate, objectively, that he unreasonably failed to meet his

employer's standard for arriving to work on time. In the first instance after the written

warning, Jordan blamed his tardiness on the fact that his car was being serviced at

Hamilton's Service Station. This reason does not provide an adequate excuse for

Jordan's tardiness, especially in light of the unequivocal warning he received

previously. Jordan, living approximately two and a half miles from work had several

other ways of getting to work. His failure to ensure his timely arrival, despite the fact

that his vehicle was at the employer's service station, demonstrates his disregard for his

employer's reasonable expectations. This point is further elucidated by Jordan's

testimony regarding his tardiness on his day of discharge:

Mr. Jordan: My tardiness the day before dismissal was also due to riding

the bus, and the day that I was dismissed, I was there within three to four

minutes of 8:00 and outside on my phone.

Hearing Officer Smith: Are you saying you were only three to four

minutes late?

Mr. Jordan: Yes, the last day that I was there.

R. at 37 (emphasis added).

Jordan's actions of arriving to work late and then compounding his tardiness by

lollygagging outside on his phone provides competent evidence for the Commission's

decision, in affirming and adopting the decision of the Administrative Hearing Officer,

5 March 18,2008 and March 19,2008 (the date of dismissal).

6 that Jordan "acted unreasonably in failing to meet" the employer's timeliness standard.

Hence, the court finds that the second-prong of the misconduct test is satisfied.

The Commission correctly applied section 1043 of the Employment Security Law

to the facts that the Court finds are supported by competent evidence.

Therefore, the entry is:

The decision of the Maine Unemployment Insurance Commission is AFFIRMED.

The clerk shall incorporate this Order into the docket by reference pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 79(a).

Jr Dated at Portland, Maine this -l,'­/ day of ---H----ir'¥'--,l---~ 2009.

Robert E. Crowley Justice, Superior Court

7 Date filed 8_-_1_5_-_0_8 _ CUMBERLAND County Docket No. _ _ ~A" P'-"O<. >8L-" "2" ,8'- - - •

Action 80C APpeal

CHffiSTOPHER JORDAN UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE COMMISSION

vs. Plaintiff's Attorney Defendant's Attorney PRO SE ELIZABETH WYMAN AAG 37 MERRILL STREET APT. #1 DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL PORTLAND ME 04101 6 STATE HOUSE STATION AUGUSTA ME 04333-0006

Date of I