Jones v. State

895 So. 2d 1246, 2005 Fla. App. LEXIS 2654, 30 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. D 631
District Court of Appeal of Florida·Decided March 4, 2005·No. No. 2D04-417·Published·Cited by 1 cases

Opinion

VILLANTI, Judge.

Brian Jones appeals the trial court’s withhold of adjudication for possession of methamphetamine and possession of drug paraphernalia. Jones entered a guilty plea to the charges, reserving the right to appeal the denial of his dispositive motion to suppress methamphetamine and paraphernalia seized without a warrant. We reverse the judgment because the deputy exceeded the limited scope of the search, the criminal nature of the tackle box that contained the methamphetamine and drug paraphernalia was not immediately apparent, and thus the seizure of the items inside the tackle box was illegal for lack of probable cause.

A deputy sheriff received an anonymous tip that Jones may have a stolen boat motor in his possession and may have killed an eight-point buck on Kissimmee State Park property. On January 16, 2003, the deputy went to Jones’s trailer at a fish camp to investigate the tip. The deputy told Jones that he was looking for a stolen boat motor. Jones was cooperative and offered to show the deputy his two boats at another fish camp. Jones and the deputy went to the second fish camp in separate cars. At the second camp, Jones showed the deputy his two boats with motors at a dock and other boat motors in a shed. None of the boat motors matched the description of the motor the deputy was investigating. Apparently, there was also no sign of a deer carcass. The deputy and Jones continued chatting for about thirty minutes to an hour. The deputy testified that during his conversation with Jones, Jones admitted to having a felony record based upon a juvenile conviction.

Jones also admitted that he had a gun but said that it had been stolen from him. The deputy then noticed shotgun shells in one of the boats and became suspicious that Jones might be illegally in possession of a firearm. The deputy and Jones eventually drove back to Jones’s trailer.

At the trailer, the deputy asked Jones’s permission to search inside the trailer for the stolen boat motor and a 12-gauge shotgun. Jones agreed, allowed the deputy entry, and accompanied him during the search. In the course of the search, the deputy lifted a mattress in Jones’s bedroom. Between the mattress and the box spring, there was a clear, plastic tackle box. The deputy testified:

I picked up the mattress and between the mattress and the box spring there was a clear Shimano tackle box, a plastic one, about a inch deep inch-two inch deep. If I remember right it’s about 10 inches by 8 inches square the top lid. And it was clear and when I picked it up I could look in and each little compartment was labeled with a piece of tape or something, I don’t remember. Anyway each one was labeled and I could see inside of it that there was narcotic paraphernalia-methamphetamine paraphernalia.
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He had aluminum hollow shaft arrows ....
... a small bag with a small amount of crank still in it. It was tied up, a corner baggie rolled and tied. You could see the powder inside. I think there was another small baggie-there was a couple of the baggies but each compartment was labeled with what it had in it. It had clean dope, old dope, clean swabs, old swabs, new tubes, used tubes, everything.

The deputy seized the methamphetamine and drug paraphernalia, and Jones was [1249]*1249charged with two counts of possession. Jones filed a motion to suppress the methamphetamine and drug paraphernalia, arguing that the deputy did not have probable cause to search between the mattresses. The court denied the motion. The issue we must resolve is whether the deputy legally entered Jones’s home without a warrant and properly seized the methamphetamine and drug paraphernalia from the tackle box that came into the officer’s plain view when he lifted the mattress.

Under the plain view doctrine, an item may be seized without a warrant if (1) the police are legitimately in a place where the item may be viewed, (2) the incriminating character of the item is immediately apparent, and (3) the police have a lawful right of access to the item. Pagan v. State, 830 So.2d 792, 808 (Fla.2002); State v. Walker, 729 So.2d 463, 464 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999); State v. Futch, 715 So.2d 992, 993 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998).

We conclude that the State met only the first and third prongs of the plain view doctrine. As to the first prong, the deputy was in a place where he had a legitimate right to be — Jones’s bedroom in his trailer home. Before entering Jones’s home, the deputy specifically asked for consent to search the trailer for a boat motor and a 12-gauge shotgun.1 Jones voluntarily consented and even accompanied the deputy on the search.

As to the third prong, whether law enforcement has a lawful right of access to an object is “generally determined by the scope of the search permitted by either the terms of a validly issued warrant or the character of the relevant exception to the warrant requirement.” Jones v. State, 648 So.2d 669, 677 (Fla. 1994). Here, the scope of the deputy’s search was limited by Jones’s consent to a search for a boat motor and a 12-gauge shotgun. In the course of the deputy’s search, he lifted the mattress. Upon lifting the mattress, the tackle box was in the deputy’s plain view. The deputy testified that guns are commonly hidden underneath mattresses. Therefore, lifting the mattress did not exceed the scope of the consensual search. The deputy had a lawful right to lift the mattress and a right of access to the tackle box that was in plain view once he lifted the mattress.2 See State v. Walker, 729 So.2d 463, 464 (Fla. [1250]*12502d DCA 1999) (finding that a law enforcement officer who was investigating a burglary in a home had a lawful right of access to bags of cocaine that were lying on the kitchen floor, “open, in plain view of, and nearby to the officer who observed them”).

The State fails to meet the second prong of the plain view doctrine because the incriminating nature of the methamphetamine and drug paraphernalia was not immediately apparent. A tackle box beneath a mattress alone is not sufficient to suggest an incriminating nature — Jones could have been hiding any number of perfectly legitimate items in the small box underneath his mattress. Although the deputy testified that the tackle box was transparent, he also said that he had to pick it up to identify what was inside. The deputy specifically testified, “[W]hen I picked it up I could look in and each little compartment was labeled.... [A]nd I could see inside of it that there was narcotic paraphernalia-methamphetamine paraphernalia.” (Emphasis added.)

“Florida courts consistently have held that when closer examination of an item observed in plain view is necessary to confirm the incriminating nature of the contraband, its incriminating nature is not considered ‘immediately apparent.’ ” Sawyer v. State, 842 So.2d 310, 312 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003) (citing Caplan v. State, 531 So.2d 88 (Fla.1988), and Carr v. State, 353 So.2d 958 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978)). In Sawyer, an officer found Ecstasy during a valid traffic stop. However, the officer testified that he could not tell what kind of pill it was until he seized it. He had to pick up the white pill and examine its design before he could identify it as Ecstasy. Therefore, its incriminating nature was not immediately apparent. In Ray v. State, 634 So.2d 695, 696 (Fla.

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Jones v. State, 895 So. 2d 1246, 2005 Fla. App. LEXIS 2654, 30 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. D 631 (Fla. Ct. App. 2005).

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