Jonathan Tyler Prive v. United States

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
• Decided: April 8, 2019
• Docket: 18-11693
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

Case: 18-11693 Date Filed: 04/08/2019 Page: 1 of 4

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________

No. 18-11693 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________

D.C. Docket Nos. 6:17-cv-01498-JA-KRS; 6:14-cr-00033-JA-KRS

JONATHAN TYLER PRIVE,

Petitioner-Appellant,

versus

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Respondent-Appellee. ________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida ________________________

(April 8, 2019)

Before WILLIAM PRYOR, GRANT and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Jonathan Prive, a federal prisoner, appeals pro se the sua sponte dismissal of

his motion to vacate his sentence, 28 U.S.C. § 2255, and the denial of his motion Case: 18-11693 Date Filed: 04/08/2019 Page: 2 of 4

for recusal. The district court judge refused to recuse based on his participation in

Prive’s prior criminal proceedings, and he dismissed Prive’s postconviction motion

for failure to comply with a local rule that imposed page limitations, M.D. Fla. L.

R. 3.01(a). We affirm the denial of Prive’s motion to recuse. But because Prive’s

time for postconviction review expired while his motion to vacate was pending, we

vacate the order that dismissed Prive’s motion to vacate and remand for further

proceedings.

We review both the denial of a motion for recusal, United States v. Berger,

375 F.3d 1223, 1227 (11th Cir. 2004), and the dismissal of a complaint based on

the interpretation of a local rule, Fils v. City of Aventura, 647 F.3d 1272, 1282

(11th Cir. 2011), for abuse of discretion. “Discretion means the district court has a

range of choice, and that its decision will not be disturbed as long as it stays within

that range and is not influenced by any mistake of law.” Betty K Agencies, Ltd. v.

M/V MONADA, 432 F.3d 1333, 1337 (11th Cir. 2005) (internal quotation marks

and citation omitted).

The district judge did not abuse his discretion by denying Prive’s motion to

recuse. Recusal is warranted only if “an objective, fully informed lay observer

would entertain significant doubt about the judge’s impartiality.” Christo v.

Padgett, 223 F.3d 1324, 1333 (11th Cir. 2000). The district judge presided over

2 Case: 18-11693 Date Filed: 04/08/2019 Page: 3 of 4

Prive’s guilty plea proceedings, but neither the judge’s adverse rulings, see Berger,

375 F.3d at 1227, nor his familiarity with Prive’s crime required recusal, see

Christo, 223 F.3d at 1334. The district judge also was not required to recuse based

either on his rejection of the parties’ recommended sentence or his assessment of

Prive’s crime at sentencing. See Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555 (1994).

Prive identified no evidence of impartiality or bias that required the district judge

to recuse.

The district court abused its discretion when it dismissed Prive’s motion to

vacate. Although the district court stated that its dismissal was without prejudice,

that ruling barred Prive from obtaining review of his sentence because the one-year

period of limitation, 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f), expired while his motion was pending.

Prive timely filed his motion to vacate on August 16, 2017, less than one year after

expiration of the 90-day period to petition the United States Supreme Court for a

writ of certiorari. See Clay v. United States, 537 U.S. 522, 527 (2003). But Prive’s

federal postconviction motion “is not an ‘application for State post-conviction or

other collateral review’ within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2)” and “did

not toll the limitation period,” see Duncan v. Walker, 533 U.S. 167, 181–82

(2001), so its dismissal operated as a dismissal with prejudice, see Justice v. United

States, 6 F.3d 1474, 1482 & n.15 (11th Cir. 1993). A dismissal with prejudice is a

3 Case: 18-11693 Date Filed: 04/08/2019 Page: 4 of 4

drastic sanction, id., that may be “imposed only when: (1) a party engages in a

clear pattern of delay or willful contempt (contumacious conduct); and (2) the

district court specifically finds that lesser sanctions would not suffice.” Betty K,

432 F.3d at 1338 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). The district court

made no findings of a pattern of delay or willful contempt, so we must vacate its

order dismissing Prive’s motion to vacate and remand for further proceedings. We

need not address Prive’s argument that the dismissal of a motion for failure to

comply with a local rule of procedure conflicts with the Rules Governing Section

2255 Proceedings and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

We AFFIRM the denial of Prive’s motion for recusal, but we VACATE the

dismissal of his motion to vacate and REMAND for further proceedings.