Johnson v. Western National Mutual Insurance Co.

540 N.W.2d 78, 1995 Minn. App. LEXIS 1448, 1995 WL 697342
CourtCourt of Appeals of Minnesota
DecidedNovember 28, 1995
DocketNo. C3-95-1051
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 540 N.W.2d 78 (Johnson v. Western National Mutual Insurance Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Minnesota primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Johnson v. Western National Mutual Insurance Co., 540 N.W.2d 78, 1995 Minn. App. LEXIS 1448, 1995 WL 697342 (Mich. Ct. App. 1995).

Opinion

OPINION

RANDALL, Judge.

Western National Mutual Insurance Company (Western National) challenges the district court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Timothy Johnson. The district court concluded that Johnson, who had already selected the limit of liability from a policy issued by Jefferson Insurance Company of New York (Jefferson Insurance), could in addition select the limit of liability from a policy issued by Western National. We reverse the district court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Johnson because we conclude that under the no-fault law in effect in 1988, Johnson was entitled to select only one limit of liability.

FACTS

The parties stipulated to the facts. Timothy Johnson was injured when his 1981 Harley Davidson motorcycle was struck by a car driven by Michael Olson. Johnson owned the motorcycle and was the only person riding it at the time of the accident. Michael Olson did not have any liability insurance coverage for himself or his vehicle. Thus, Olson was driving an “uninsured motor vehicle” under Minnesota’s No-Fault Act.

At the time of the accident, Johnson had “motorcycle insurance” through Jefferson In[80]*80surance. The Jefferson policy included coverage for uninsured motorist benefits in the amount of $30,000 per person. After the accident, Johnson presented a claim to Jefferson for injuries sustained in the accident. Jefferson paid Johnson $30,000, the uninsured motorist coverage limit under the policy-

In addition to his 1981 Harley Davidson, Johnson owned a 1979 automobile and a 1951 Chevrolet truck. The 1979 automobile and the 1951 Chevrolet truck were insured under a policy issued by Western National. The limit of uninsured motorist benefits under the Western National policy was $50,000 per person.

For purposes of the cross-motions for summary judgment, the parties stipulated that Johnson sustained total damages in excess of $80,000. Insurance has compensated for only $30,000.

The parties also stipulated that the accident of June 24,1988, was caused entirely by the negligence of Michael Olson and that Johnson is legally entitled to recover damages from Olson for his injuries.

The district court made findings, which the parties do not dispute. The district court found that Johnson was seriously injured, having lost his left leg below the knee, and that Johnson was not seeking duplicate recovery for his loss, and was not seeking overcompensation for his loss.

Both parties moved for summary judgment. The district court granted Johnson’s motion for summary judgment and denied Western National’s motion. Western National appeals.

ISSUE

Is an injured driver of a fully insured motorcycle precluded under the no-fault law in effect in 1988 from collecting uninsured motorist benefits from a policy covering motor vehicles in addition to recovering uninsured motorist benefits from a policy covering the motorcycle?

ANALYSIS

A reviewing court is not bound by and need not give deference to a district court’s decision on a purely legal issue. Frost-Benco Elec. Ass’n v. Minnesota Pub. Utils. Comm’n, 358 N.W.2d 639, 642 (Minn.1984). Where a case is decided on stipulated facts, the only issue on appeal is whether the district court erred in its application of the law. Hubred v. Control Data Corp., 442 N.W.2d 308, 310 (Minn.1989).

The accident occurred on June 24, 1988. The law in effect on that date governs the ease. The No-Fault Act has a statutory priority scheme for payment of uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage. Minn. Stat. § 65B.49, subd. 3a(5) (1988). The applicable portion of that section provides:

If at the time of the accident the injured person is not occupying a motor vehicle, the injured person is entitled to select any one limit of liability for any one vehicle afforded by a policy under which the injured person is insured.

(Emphasis added.)

The term “motor vehicle” is defined by statute and has been construed in case law with respect to motorcycles. See Minn.Stat. § 65B.43, subd. 2 (defining “motor vehicle”); see also Roering v. Grinnell Mut. Reinsurance, 444 N.W.2d 829, 832-33 (Minn.1989) (construing fully insured motorcycle as not a “motor vehicle”).

Although Johnson was driving his motorcycle when the accident occurred, he was not “occupying a motor vehicle” for purposes of the No-Fault Act. Motorcycles are excluded from the general definition of “motor vehicle.” Minn.Stat. § 65B.43, subd. 2 (1988). Motorcycles are considered “motor vehicles,” however, if the motorcycle is uninsured or underinsured. Minn.Stat. § 65B.43, subds. 16, 17 (1988); Roering, 444 N.W.2d at 832-33.

Johnson’s motorcycle was insured as required under the No-Fault Act. In fact, it was insured to a greater extent than was required. Johnson’s motorcycle was covered by liability, uninsured and underinsured provisions. Therefore, Johnson’s motorcycle does not qualify as a “motor vehicle,” and was not an “uninsured motor vehicle” or “underinsured motor vehicle.” Because [81]*81Johnson was not “occupying a motor vehicle” under Minn.Stat. § 65B.49, subd. 3a(5) at the time of the accident, he was entitled to select any one limit of liability for any one “vehicle ” afforded by a policy under which he was insured. See Minn.Stat. § 65B.49, subd. 3a(5) (1988); Roering, 444 N.W.2d at 833.

The act does not define “vehicle.” Black’s Law Dictionary defines “vehicle” as “[t]hat in or on which persons, goods, etc. may be carried from one place to another, especially along the ground.” Black’s Law Dictionary 1393 (5th ed. 1979). This definition includes motorcycles. The No-Fault Act provides further support for construing the term “vehicle” in section 65B.49, subdivision 3a(5) to include motorcycles. The No-Fault Act defines a motorcycle as “a self-propelled vehicle designed to travel on fewer than four wheels * * ⅜.” Minn.Stat. § 65B.43, subd. 13 (1988) (emphasis added). Therefore, the legislature’s use of the term “vehicle” in section 65B.49, subdivision 3a(5), stating “any one limit of liability for any one vehicle * * includes within its meaning a policy on a motorcycle.

Effective August 1, 1990, the legislature amended the No-Fault Act and partially overturned Roering. Under the 1990 amendment, an owner of a motorcycle who is injured while occupying that motorcycle may only look to uninsured or underinsured benefits purchased for that motorcycle. 1990 Minn.Laws Ch. 504; Minn.Stat. § 65B.49, subds. 3a(5), 3a(8) (1990). This 1990 amendment changed the result in Roering only to the extent that the injured motorcycle owner, instead of being entitled under subdivision 3a(5) to select any one limit of liability for any one vehicle afforded by a policy under which the owner is insured, the owner under Minn.Stat. § 65B.49, subd. 3a(8) (1990), would only be entitled to seek uninsured or underinsured benefits afforded by a policy for the motorcycle under which the owner is insured. See Minn.Stat. § 65B.49, subd. 3a(8).

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Bluebook (online)
540 N.W.2d 78, 1995 Minn. App. LEXIS 1448, 1995 WL 697342, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/johnson-v-western-national-mutual-insurance-co-minnctapp-1995.