Johnson v. State

855 So. 2d 218, 2003 WL 22213294
District Court of Appeal of Florida·Decided September 26, 2003·No. 5D02-2366·Published·Cited by 15 cases

Opinion

855 So.2d 218 (2003)

Jama Jamar JOHNSON, Appellant,
v.
STATE of Florida, Appellee.

No. 5D02-2366.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fifth District.

September 26, 2003.

*219 James B. Gibson, Public Defender, and Brynn Newton, Assistant Public Defender, Daytona Beach, for Appellant.

Charles J. Crist, Jr., Attorney General, Tallahassee, and Lori N. Hagan, Assistant Attorney General, Daytona Beach, for Appellee.

TORPY, J.

Appellant was convicted of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon and sentenced to fifteen years in prison, three years of which were designated a minimum mandatory sentence. Appellant raises numerous issues on appeal, only two of which merit discussion: his competency to proceed to sentencing after trial and the propriety of the minimum mandatory portion of his sentence. On both of these issues we determine that the lower court erred. We therefore reverse and remand for resentencing.

On August 8, 2000, a jury convicted Appellant of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Sentencing was deferred. Sixteen days after trial, counsel for Appellant filed a motion to determine competency. The court appointed experts who examined Appellant and concluded that he was incompetent to proceed further. In June of 2001, the court adjudged him incompetent and ordered him placed in the custody of the Department of Children and Families ("DCF") for purposes of treatment to restore his competency, pursuant to rule 3.212(c)(3), Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure.

Three months after Appellant was committed, DCF informed the court by letter that Appellant's competency had been restored. He was returned to the county jail approximately thirty days later. After numerous continuances due to three changes in counsel, Appellant was scheduled for sentencing on July 8, 2002. In the meantime, however, in April of 2002, the court had appointed one of the original examining doctors to re-examine Appellant to determine his competency to proceed to trial on other charges that were part of the same information as the possession of firearm charge, but which had been previously severed.

At the July 8, 2002, sentencing hearing, Appellant's counsel requested a continuance until the competency evaluation could be completed. Counsel told the court that the court-appointed psychologist had called him five days earlier and had expressed "concern," but had not yet evaluated Appellant. Apparently the doctor had attempted to see Appellant at the jail, but did not know that Appellant had been released on bond. Counsel further informed the court that the psychologist was on vacation until July 15th. The State countered that there had been a substantial delay in resolving the matter and noted that the evaluation could have been done earlier. It further urged the court to proceed with sentencing expressing concern that Appellant was out on bond. The court thereafter inquired as to Appellant's current status. Counsel for the State indicated that Appellant's current *220 status was one of competency. The record is unclear as to defense counsel's response to the court's inquiry. The court thereupon denied the continuance and sentenced Appellant. Immediately prior to the pronouncement of sentence, however, defense counsel again objected stating that his client "still feels competency should be an issue before proceeding to sentencing."

Appellant claims that the court erred by not granting his continuance. The State, citing Hunter v. State, 660 So.2d 244 (Fla.1995), counters that no bona fide challenge to Appellant's competence was raised. We do not find either argument to be dispositive. We do find, however, that the lower court should not have sentenced Appellant before having first adjudged him competent to proceed, and accordingly, vacate Appellant's sentence.

Rules 3.212(c)(6) and (7), Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure, provide that within 30 days of receiving notice that a defendant has regained competence, a court shall hold a hearing to determine if a defendant is competent to proceed. If the court so determines, it must adjudicate the defendant competent to proceed. Here, the record reveals that no such hearing was held, no such adjudication was made, and defendant's legal status at the time of sentencing was still one of incompetence. While the State asserted Appellant was competent to proceed, the State, in so asserting, appears to have been relying only on DCF's letter and not on any prior adjudication of competency by the court. Without such an adjudication, it was error to proceed to sentencing.

Appellant also challenges the propriety of a three-year minimum mandatory sentence imposed pursuant to section 775.087(2)(a)1., Florida Statutes (2002), for possession of a firearm during the commission of the underlying offense. We conclude that an ambiguity in that statute requires that we resolve this issue in Appellant's favor under lenity principles embodied in section 775.021(1), Florida Statutes (2002).

Section 775.087(2)(a)1., Florida Statutes, provides in pertinent part as follows:

Any person who is convicted of a felony, regardless of whether the use of a weapon is an element of the felony, and the conviction was for:
a. Murder;
b. Sexual battery;
c. Robbery;
d. Burglary;
e. Arson;
f. Aggravated assault;
g. Aggravated battery;
h. Kidnapping;
i. Escape;
j. Aircraft piracy;
k. Aggravated child abuse;
l. Aggravated abuse of an elderly person or disabled adult;
m. Unlawful throwing, placing, or discharging of a destructive device or bomb;
n. Carjacking;
o. Home-invasion robbery;
p. Aggravated stalking;
q. Trafficking in [various, listed controlled substances] ...; or
r. Possession of a firearm by a felon and during the commission of the offense, such person actually possessed a "firearm" or "destructive device" ... shall be sentenced to a minimum term of imprisonment of 10 years, except that a person who is convicted for aggravated assault, possession of a firearm by a felon, or burglary of a conveyance shall be sentenced to a minimum term of 3 *221 years if such person possessed a "firearm" or "destructive device" during the commission of the offense.

(emphasis supplied). The ambiguity is created by the use of the word "actually" to modify "possessed" in the first portion of the statute and by its omission in the latter part of the statute. Two potential constructions are urged: The State contends that the legislature, by its plain use of the language, intended that the ten-year minimum applies when the felon "actually" possesses a firearm but that the three-year minimum applies for certain offenses when possession is something other than "actual." The trial judge accepted this argument and found Appellant's conviction demonstrated possession of a firearm sufficient to impose the three-year minimum. An alternative construction, and one which was adopted by the Second District Court in Bundrage v. State, 814 So.2d 1133 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002), is that the legislature intended that the three excepted crimes bear a three-year minimum sentence, rather than a ten-year minimum sentence, p

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Johnson v. State, 855 So. 2d 218, 2003 WL 22213294 (Fla. Ct. App. 2003).

855 So. 2d 218 (Johnson v. State) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

Palanski Swain v. State of Florida
226 So. 3d 1002 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2017)
Gamble v. State
61 So. 3d 1224 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2011)
Gallentine v. State
55 So. 3d 728 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2011)
Sims v. State
44 So. 3d 1222 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2010)
Williams v. State
997 So. 2d 486 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2008)
Redding v. State
996 So. 2d 875 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2008)
Hampton v. State
975 So. 2d 544 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2008)
Bartley v. State
969 So. 2d 1171 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2007)
State v. Mulus
970 So. 2d 349 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2007)
Banks v. State
949 So. 2d 353 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2007)
Molina v. State
946 So. 2d 1103 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2006)
Jackson v. State
880 So. 2d 1241 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2004)
Washington v. State
876 So. 2d 1242 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2004)
Lamm v. State
871 So. 2d 918 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2004)