Johnson v. Sondalle

112 F. App'x 524
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedOctober 1, 2004
DocketNo. 04-1052
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 112 F. App'x 524 (Johnson v. Sondalle) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Johnson v. Sondalle, 112 F. App'x 524 (7th Cir. 2004).

Opinion

ORDER

Renaldo Johnson brought suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 alleging that the Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Corrections and the DOC employee who was supervising his probation kept him jailed unlawfully on a motion to revoke his probation even though the motion had been resolved by his consent to enter inpatient drug treatment as an alternative to revocation. The district court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss. We affirm, but for different reasons.

Except as noted, we recite the facts as Johnson tells them in his complaint and its attachments. Johnson was on probation in lieu of a “two year stayed sentence” for misdemeanor retail theft when DOC employee Carrie Sondalle, the probation and parole agent responsible for his supervision, took him into custody on March 12, 2003, to answer a motion to revoke his probation. Johnson was placed in the Milwaukee County Jail on a probation hold. Five days later, on March 17, another, unidentified DOC employee sent by Sondalle visited Johnson in jail and presented him with a form Alternative to Revocation Agreement (ATR) that, according to Johnson, offered him the option of avoiding revocation by consenting to 90 days of inpatient drug treatment at the Thurgood Marshall House in Milwaukee. Johnson immediately accepted the proposal and signed the agreement, but he was not taken to the treatment facility or released from jail. On or about March 23 he wrote to Sondalle and her supervisor, David Clark, insisting that DOC rules prohibited them from continuing to hold him in custody in light of the ATR agreement. Clark sent a response on April 3, explaining on behalf of himself and Sondalle that the ATR involved “being in custody while waiting for a placement” at the treatment center. Clark added that, if the ATR was not [526]*526“agreeable” to Johnson, the DOC could ■withdraw it “and proceed to a revocation hearing.” Johnson replied with an April 9 letter to the DOC regional chief complaining about Sondalle and proposing that “in lieu of the A.T.R.” he be released on electronic monitoring pending his placement in the treatment facility. He filed another complaint with Matthew Frank, the Secretary of the DOC, on May 1. Those complaints drew no response. On May 1 he petitioned in state court for a writ of habeas corpus, but that action was dismissed as moot after he was released from jail on May 6.

Exactly what happened to Johnson after that date is not disclosed by the materials before us. On May 30, 2003, just 25 days after his release from jail, he filed his form § 1983 complaint giving an address in Franklin, Wisconsin, as his “present place of confinement.” As the district court construed his damages claims at initial screening, see 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a), Johnson asserts that Sondalle violated his due process rights by holding him in jail for roughly eight weeks after the ATR agreement mooted the motion to revoke that had landed him there, and that Frank maintained an “illegal policy” of sanctioning continued incarceration of probationers waiting placement in other facilities pursuant to an ATR. On August 11 the defendants moved to dismiss, arguing that Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 114 S.Ct. 2364, 129 L.Ed.2d 383 (1994), barred the suit, that they enjoyed absolute or at least qualified immunity, and that, regardless, Johnson had no liberty interest in remaining out of jail while awaiting his ATR placement. Johnson opposed the motion two weeks later, and by that time he was in a state prison. He was still in prison when the district court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss, and as far as we can tell the ATR was never carried out and Johnson was never placed in drug treatment.

In granting the defendants’ motion to dismiss, the district court held that Johnson’s suit was barred under Heck, and that, in any event, both defendants would enjoy some form of immunity, absolute in the case of Sondalle and qualified for Frank. The defendants continue to press both contentions, but we are not wholly satisfied with either. As to Heck the district court reasoned that Johnson was not trying to use § 1983 to bypass habeas corpus because his release from confinement on May 6 mooted any such remedy, but still the court thought that Heck was an obstacle because, in the court’s view, a conviction or sentence or other basis for custody that has not been overturned cannot give rise to a civil rights claim even if a plaintiffs release means that the reason for the custody is no longer subject to legal challenge. Both premises are problematic, the latter because the Supreme Court held after the district court ruled that Heck is not “implicated by a prisoner’s challenge that threatens no consequence for his conviction or the duration of sentence,” Muhammad v. Close, 540 U.S. 749, 124 S.Ct. 1303, 1304, 158 L.Ed.2d 32 (2004); see also DeWalt v. Carter, 224 F.3d 607, 616-18 (7th Cir.2000), and the former because we doubt as a matter of fact that Johnson no longer had a habeas corpus remedy when he filed suit on May 30. By that date Johnson was in a state prison, and if he was there because the DOC had gone ahead with the revocation of his probation, as seems likely, then he could have sought credit against his revocation sentence for the prehearing custody both from the DOC and the state courts. Wis. Stat. § 304.072(5) (providing that “sentence of a revoked probationer shall be credited with the period of custody ... pending revocation”); id. § 973.155(1), (2), (5), (6) (providing for prehearing credit for revoked probationer and establishing process to seek [527]*527credit first from DOC and then state courts). But we cannot speculate about what events landed Johnson in prison, and since Heck is an affirmative defense and the defendants never offered an explanation, see Okoro v. Bohman, 164 F.3d 1059, 1061 (7th Cir.1999), we do not see how it applies.

As to immunity, the district court concluded that Sondalle, the subordinate, was absolutely immune for electing to detain Johnson until space opened at the treatment center but that Frank, the head of the DOC and Sondalle’s boss, enjoyed only qualified immunity for creating the policy that, according to Johnson, was the very reason Sondalle elected to detain him. This approach seems to cut against the usual view that where defendants have similar roles “their claims of absolute immunity will either stand or fall as a group.” Thompson v. Duke, 882 F.2d 1180, 1183 n. 3 (7th Cir.1989). Moreover, while Sondalle insists that our decisions have extended absolute immunity in the revocation context to individuals whose “activities ... are part and parcel of the decision process,” the cases she cites cannot be read so broadly. See Walrath v. United States, 35 F.3d 277

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Bluebook (online)
112 F. App'x 524, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/johnson-v-sondalle-ca7-2004.