Johnson v. Milwaukee School of Engineering

258 F. Supp. 2d 896, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7044, 2003 WL 1961324
CourtDistrict Court, E.D. Wisconsin
DecidedApril 23, 2003
Docket02-C-0098
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 258 F. Supp. 2d 896 (Johnson v. Milwaukee School of Engineering) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, E.D. Wisconsin primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Johnson v. Milwaukee School of Engineering, 258 F. Supp. 2d 896, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7044, 2003 WL 1961324 (E.D. Wis. 2003).

Opinion

DECISION AND ORDER

ADELMAN, District Judge.

Plaintiffs Roger Johnson, Marcus Russell, Donald Lenyard and Tronie Johnson bring this employment discrimination action alleging that defendant Milwaukee School of Engineering discriminated against them based on their race (African-American) in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et. seq. 1 Plaintiffs allege that they were unlawfully discriminated against in a number of ways, including by being denied promotions, training and overtime, and by being assigned work in a discriminatory way. Plaintiffs also allege that they were unlawfully retaliated against for filing discrimination charges with the federal Equal Opportunity Employment Commission (“EEOC”) or the state Equal Rights Division (“ERD”). Defendant now moves for partial summary judgment arguing that some of plaintiffs’ claims are barred by the statute of limitations, some are outside the scope of plaintiffs’ administrative charges, and some fail to allege an adverse employment action.

I. FACTS

Plaintiffs were employed in defendant’s housekeeping department: Lenyard from May 2, 1990 until September 15, 2002; Russell from April 3, 1991 until December 1999 when he went on disability leave; Roger Johnson from November 19, 1990 to the present; and Tronie Johnson from November 10, 1992 to the present. On October 13, 1999, Roger Johnson filed a discrimination charge with the ERD. On February 11, 2000, Lenyard and Russell filed charges with the EEOC, and on March 31, 2000, Tronie Johnson did likewise. Additional facts will be stated in the course of the decision.

II. SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARD

A motion for summary judgment may be granted only when there are no genuine issues of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). “Material” facts are those facts that might affect the outcome of the suit. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). A dispute over such facts is “genuine” if the evidence is such that a reasonable trier of fact could find in favor of the nonmoving party. Id. The movant bears the burden of establishing that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); see also Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, *901 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). If the moving party meets its burden, the nonmoving party then must present specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue of material fact. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586-87, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986). In analyzing whether a question of fact exists, the court construes the evidence in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255, 106 S.Ct. 2505.

III. DISCUSSION

A. Statute of Limitations

Defendant moves to dismiss a number of plaintiffs’ claims on the ground that they are time-barred. In order to bring an action in federal court under Title VII, a Wisconsin plaintiff must file a charge of discrimination with the EEOC or ERD within 300 days “after the alleged unlawful employment practice occurred.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e). 2 However, this statute of limitations is subject to a number of judicially created tolling mechanisms. For example, courts have created the “continuing violations” doctrine, which allows the limitation period to be tolled for alleged discriminatory conduct that is deemed continuing in nature so long as at least some of that conduct occurred during the 300 day period. This doctrine, which is partly the product of Title VII’s comparatively short filing deadline, has been invoked in a variety of situations and has been the subject of judicial and academic consternation. See The Supreme Court, 2001 Term-Leading Cases, 116 Harv.L.Rev. 352, 356 (2002).

In National Railroad Passenger Corp. [Amtrak] v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 122 S.Ct. 2061, 153 L.Ed.2d 106 (2002), the Supreme Court addressed the continuing violations doctrine and attempted to clarify some of the confusion surrounding it. Amtrak involved a “serial violation” in which the employer engaged in similar but discrete acts of discrimination both before and during the limitations period. The Supreme Court, 2001 Term-Leading Cases, supra, at 357; see, e.g., DeNovellis v. Shalala, 124 F.3d 298, 307 (1st Cir.1997) (“A serial violation is composed of a number of discriminatory acts emanating from the same discriminatory animus, each act constituting a separate wrong ... under Title VII[.]”) (citation omitted). The Court held that the continuing violations doctrine could not be utilized in serial violation cases, stating that “discrete discriminatory acts are not actionable if time-barred, even when they are related to acts alleged in timely filed charges.” Amtrak, 536 U.S. at 113, 122 S.Ct. 2061.

However, the Court distinguished cases involving claims of a hostile work environment from cases involving serial violations. It held that in the former the entire time period in which a hostile environment existed could be considered in determining liability, as long as the charge was filed within 180 or 300 days of an act that contributed to the hostile environment. Id. at 117-18, 122 S.Ct. 2061. The Court reasoned that hostile environment claims are, by their nature, based on the cumulative effect of individual acts that may occur over a period of time and that, therefore, the entire hostile environment constitutes a single, unlawful employment practice. *902 Although the dichotomy between hostile environment claims and claims alleging a series of discrete acts is far less clear cut than the Court indicated and, in fact, the two are often intertwined, the Court nevertheless stated that an employer could be liable for discrete acts that occurred prior to the filing period only if they contributed to a hostile environment. Id. at 120-21, 122 S.Ct. 2061.

In Amtrak,

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Bluebook (online)
258 F. Supp. 2d 896, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7044, 2003 WL 1961324, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/johnson-v-milwaukee-school-of-engineering-wied-2003.