1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 SCOTT JOHNSON, 12 Plaintiff, No. 2:17-cv-1546 MCE DB 13 v. 14 AVTAR ATWAL, et al., FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15 Defendants. 16 17 Pending before the court is plaintiff Scott Johnson’s motion for default judgement against 18 defendants Avtar Atwal, Sukhwinder Kaur, Khader Habibeh, and Nancy Habibey. (ECF No. 18.) 19 This motion came on for hearing before the undersigned on July 26, 2019. (ECF No. 20.) 20 Attorney Bradley Smith appeared on behalf of plaintiff. No appearance was made by, or on 21 behalf of a defendant. 22 Having considered all written materials submitted with respect to the motion, and after 23 hearing oral argument, the undersigned recommends that plaintiff’s motion be granted. 24 BACKGROUND 25 Plaintiff Scott Johnson initiated this action through counsel on July 26, 2017, by filing a 26 complaint and paying the required filing fee. (ECF No. 1.) The complaint alleges that plaintiff is 27 a “level C-5 quadriplegic” who “uses a wheelchair for mobility and has a specially equipped 28 //// 1 Van.” (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 1.1) Defendants Avtar Atwal, Sukhwinder Kaur, Khader Habibeh, 2 and Nancy Habibeh owned real property located at 7454 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, California 3 during the relevant period. (Id. at 2.) 4 On seven occasions between September 2015 and March 2016, plaintiff went to the 5 property to eat at a restaurant open to the public.2 (Id. at 3.) The restaurant did not have “a single 6 accessible parking space marked and reserved for persons with disabilities.” (Id.) Plaintiff lives 7 in, regularly shops, and regularly eats in the area. (Id. at 4.) Plaintiff has been deterred from 8 returning to the property but will return “once the barriers are removed.” (Id.) 9 Pursuant to these allegations, the complaint alleges the defendants violated the Americans 10 with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12101, et seq., (“ADA”), and the Unruh Civil Rights 11 Act, California Civil Code § 51, (“Unruh Act”). (Id. at 5-8.) Plaintiff filed proof of service on 12 defendants Avtar Atwal and Khader Habibeh on September 4, 2017. (ECF Nos. 4 & 5.) On 13 September 26, 2017, plaintiff filed a request for entry of default as to those defendants. (ECF 14 Nos. 6 & 7.) The Clerk entered default for each defendant thereafter. (ECF Nos. 8 & 9.) 15 On October 4, 2017, and October 5, 2017, plaintiff filed proof of service on defendants 16 Sukhwinder Kaur and Nancy Habibeh. (ECF Nos. 10 & 11.) Plaintiff requested entry of default 17 for each of these defendants and the Clerk, thereafter, entered default for each of these 18 defendants. (ECF Nos. 13-16.) On June 21, 2019, plaintiff filed the pending motion for default 19 judgment. (ECF No. 18.) Plaintiff’s motion seeks injunctive relief, statutory damages of $4,000, 20 and attorneys’ fees and costs in the amount of $4,910. (Id. at 2.) 21 The motion came for hearing before the undersigned on July 26, 2019. (ECF No. 20.) 22 Despite being served with notice of the motion and hearing, no defendant appeared at the hearing 23 or filed an opposition to plaintiff’s motion for default judgement. (ECF No. 18-8.) 24 //// 25
26 1 Page number citations such as this are to the page number reflected on the court’s CM/ECF system and not to the page numbers assigned by the parties. 27 2 According to plaintiff’s motion for default judgment the restaurant was named Taqueria Mi 28 Estrella. (Pl.’s MDJ (ECF No. 18-1) at 6.) 1 LEGAL STANDARD 2 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55(b)(2) governs applications to the court for default 3 judgment. Upon entry of default, the complaint’s factual allegations regarding liability are taken 4 as true, while allegations regarding the amount of damages must be proven. Dundee Cement Co. 5 v. Howard Pipe & Concrete Prods., 722 F.2d 1319, 1323 (7th Cir. 1983) (citing Pope v. United 6 States, 323 U.S. 1 (1944); Geddes v. United Fin. Group, 559 F.2d 557 (9th Cir. 1977)); see also 7 DirectTV v. Huynh, 503 F.3d 847, 851 (9th Cir. 2007); TeleVideo Sys., Inc. v. Heidenthal, 826 8 F.2d 915, 917-18 (9th Cir. 1987). 9 Where damages are liquidated, i.e., capable of ascertainment from definite figures 10 contained in documentary evidence or in detailed affidavits, judgment by default may be entered 11 without a damages hearing. Dundee, 722 F.2d at 1323. Unliquidated and punitive damages, 12 however, require “proving up” at an evidentiary hearing or through other means. Dundee, 722 13 F.2d at 1323-24; see also James v. Frame, 6 F.3d 307, 310-11 (5th Cir. 1993). 14 Granting or denying default judgment is within the court’s sound discretion. Draper v. 15 Coombs, 792 F.2d 915, 924-25 (9th Cir. 1986); Aldabe v. Aldabe, 616 F.2d. 1089, 1092 (9th Cir. 16 1980). The court is free to consider a variety of factors in exercising its discretion. Eitel v. 17 McCool, 782 F.2d 1470, 1471-72 (9th Cir. 1986). Among the factors that may be considered by 18 the court are 19 (1) the possibility of prejudice to the plaintiff, (2) the merits of plaintiff’s substantive claim, (3) the sufficiency of the complaint, (4) 20 the sum of money at stake in the action; (5) the possibility of a dispute concerning material facts; (6) whether the default was due to 21 excusable neglect, and (7) the strong policy underlying the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure favoring decisions on the merits. 22 23 Eitel, 782 F.2d at 1471-72 (citing 6 Moore’s Federal Practice ¶ 55-05[2], at 55-24 to 55- 24 26). 25 ANALYSIS 26 A. Appropriateness of the Entry of Default Judgment under the Eitel Factors 27 Plaintiff’s motion for default judgement seeks judgement on the two claims presented in 28 the complaint: a cause of action under Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act, and a 1 cause of action under the California Unruh Civil Rights Act. (Pl.’s MDJ (ECF No. 18-1) at 7-12.) 2 The factual allegations of plaintiff’s complaint are taken as true pursuant to the entry of default 3 against the defendant. 4 1. Factor One: Possibility of Prejudice to Plaintiff 5 The first Eitel factor considers whether plaintiff would suffer prejudice if default 6 judgment is not entered. When a defendant has failed to appear and defend the claims, a plaintiff 7 will be without recourse and suffer prejudice unless default judgment is entered. Vogel v. Rite 8 Aid Corp., 992 F.Supp.2d 998, 1007 (C.D. Cal. 2014) (granting a default judgement for a 9 disabled plaintiff suing under the ADA and Unruh Act, relying upon this rationale). Here, the 10 defendants have failed to appear and defend against plaintiff’s claims of discrimination under the 11 ADA and the Unruh Act. Absent entry of default judgement, plaintiff would likely be without 12 recourse against the defendants. Because plaintiff will suffer prejudice if left without recourse, 13 this factor favors an entry of default judgment. 14 2. Factors Two and Three: The Merits of Plaintiff’s Substantive Claims and the 15 Sufficiency of the Complaint 16 The second and third factors are (1) the merits of plaintiff’s substantive claim, and (2) the 17 sufficiency of the complaint. Eitel, 782 F.2d at 1471-72. Thus, the second and third Eitel factors 18 require plaintiff to state a claim on which plaintiff can recover. PepsiCo, Inc. v. California 19 Security Cans, 238 F.Supp.2d, 1172, 1175 (2002); see Danning v. Lavine, 572 F.2d 1386, 1388 20 (9th Cir. 1978). Given the close relationship between the two inquiries, factors two and three are 21 considered together. As noted above, plaintiff seeks default judgment on the complaint’s claims 22 of discrimination in violation of Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act and 23 discrimination in violation of the Unruh Civil Rights Act. 24 (1) Title III of the ADA 25 (a) Applicable Legal Standards under the ADA 26 Title III of the ADA prohibits discrimination against an individual “on the basis of 27 disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, 28 or accommodations of any place of public accommodation . . . .” Roberts v. Royal Atlantic 1 Corp., 542 F.3d 363, 368 (2nd Cir. 2008); U.S.C. § 12182(a). Generally, the concept of 2 “discrimination” under the ADA not only includes obviously exclusionary conduct — such as a 3 sign stating that persons with disabilities are unwelcome, but also extends to more subtle forms of 4 discrimination — such as difficult-to-navigate restrooms and hard-to-open doors—that interfere 5 with disabled individuals’ “full and equal enjoyment” of places of public accommodation. 6 Chapman v. Pier 1 Imports (U.S.) Inc., 631 F.3d 939, 945 (9th Cir. 2011); PGA Tour, Inc. v. 7 Martin, 532 U.S. 661, 674-75 (2001). With respect to existing facilities, discrimination includes 8 “a failure to remove architectural barriers … where such removal is readily achievable.” 42 9 U.S.C. § 12182(b)(2)(A). 10 To determine if a barrier exists, the ADAAG3 establishes the technical standards. If a 11 barrier violates these standards relating to a plaintiff’s disability, it will impair the plaintiff’s full 12 and equal access, which constitutes “discrimination” under the ADA. Chapman, 631 F.3d at 947; 13 Doran v. 7–Eleven, Inc., 524 F.3d 1034, 1034 (9th Cir. 2008). Removal is readily achievable 14 where it is “easily accomplishable and able to be carried out without much difficulty or expense.” 15 42 U.S.C. § 1218(9). 16 To prevail on a Title III ADA claim, plaintiff must establish that (1) plaintiff is disabled 17 within the meaning of the ADA; (2) that defendant owns, leases, or operates a place of public 18 accommodation; and (3) that defendant discriminated against the plaintiff within the meaning of 19 the ADA. Chapman, 631 F.3d at 950. For an ADA plaintiff to establish Article III standing to 20 pursue injunctive relief, plaintiff must demonstrate the threat of a future repeated injury is real 21 and immediate. Id. at 946. 22 To demonstrate sufficient likelihood of future harm, a plaintiff can establish that plaintiff 23 intends to return to a noncompliant place of public accommodation where plaintiff is “likely to 24 reencounter a discriminatory architectural barrier.” Id. at 950. Alternatively, a plaintiff 25 //// 26 3 The ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) are promulgated by the Attorney General to 27 “carry out the provisions” of the ADA, 42 U.S.C. § 12186(b). These guidelines “lay out the technical structural requirements of places of public accommodation.” Fortyune v. Am. Multi– 28 Cinema, Inc., 364 F.3d 1075, 1080-81 (9th Cir. 2004). 1 can show that the “discriminatory architectural barriers deter him from returning to a 2 noncompliant accommodation,” but that plaintiff would return if the barriers were removed. Id. 3 (b) Analysis 4 In the instant case, plaintiff established standing under the intent-to-return theory. In this 5 regard, the complaint alleges that plaintiff lives in the area, “regularly shops and eats in the area,” 6 and “would like to return and patronize the Restaurant but will be deterred from visiting until the 7 defendants cure the violation.” (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 4.) Thus, plaintiff has standing because 8 plaintiff has suffered an injury-in-fact, and has demonstrated a likelihood of future injury 9 sufficient to support injunctive relief. Chapman, 631 F.3d at 947. 10 As to the merits of the ADA claim, there is little dispute that the first two requirements 11 have been met. Plaintiff alleges in the complaint that plaintiff “is a level C-5 quadriplegic. He 12 cannot walk and also has significant manual dexterity impairments. He uses a wheelchair for 13 mobility and has a specially equipped van.” (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 1.) There can be little doubt 14 that plaintiff is “disabled” within the meaning of the ADA. See 42 U.S.C. § 12102 (defining 15 “disability” as “a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life 16 activities of such individual.”). 17 In addition, plaintiff alleges that the restaurant found on the property “is a facility open to 18 the public, a place of public accommodation, and a business establishment” and that the 19 defendants owned the restaurant during the period when plaintiff visited. (Compl. (ECF No. 1) 20 at 2-3.) A restaurant is expressly identified as a place of public accommodation and subject to 21 Title III of the ADA. See 42 U.S.C. § 12181 (7)(B). 22 With respect to the third element, whether defendant discriminated against plaintiff, the 23 factual allegations of the complaint establish that defendants’ property had “no accessible parking 24 spaces marked and reserved for persons with disabilities in the parking lot serving the Restaurant 25 during any of plaintiff’s visits.” (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 3.) The ADAAG requires parking 26 spaces marked for individuals with disabilities to have access aisles. 2010 Standards § 502.1. 27 //// 28 //// 1 ADAAG also requires access aisles to be at the same level as the parking space they serve. 2010 2 Standards § 502.4. Here the failure to provide an accessible parking space is a barrier, thus 3 constituting discrimination.4 See Estrada v. South Street Property, LLC, No. 2:17–CV–00259 4 CAS JCx, 2017 WL 3461290, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 11, 2017) (“[L]ack of accessible parking 5 spaces constitutes an architectural barrier under the ADA.”). 6 Finally, the complaint alleges defendants “exercised control and dominion over the 7 conditions at this location,” defendants “had the means and ability to make the change,” and the 8 identified violations “are easily removed without much difficulty or expense.” (Compl. (ECF No. 9 1) at 4 & 5.) Therefore, removal of these barriers is “readily achievable” by defendants, and 10 defendants’ failure to do so constitutes “discrimination” under the ADA. 42 U.S.C. § 11 12182(b)(2)(A). 12 Accordingly, the elements of the ADA claim are satisfied, and plaintiff has met the burden 13 to state a prima facie Title III discrimination claim. The second and third Eitel factors thus favor 14 the entry of default judgment. See Lozano v. C.A. Martinez Family Ltd. Partnership, 129 15 F.Supp.3d 967, 972-73 (S.D. Cal. 2015); Vogel v. Rite Aid Corp., 992 F.Supp.2d 998, 1009-10 16 (C.D. Cal. 2014). 17 (2) California’s Unruh Civil Rights Act 18 The Unruh Civil Rights Act provides: “All persons within the jurisdiction of this state are 19 free and equal, and no matter what their sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, 20 disability, medical condition, genetic information, marital status, or sexual orientation are entitled 21 to the full and equal accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges, or services in all business 22 establishments of every kind whatsoever.” Cal. Civ. Code § 51(b). As expressly provided by 23 statute, a violation of the ADA also constitutes a violation of the Unruh Civil Rights Act. Cal. 24 Civ. Code § 51 (f); see also Munson v. Del Taco, Inc., 46 Cal. 4th 661, 664-65 (Cal. 2009). Here, 25 because plaintiff’s complaint alleges a prima facie claim under the ADA, plaintiff has also alleged 26 facts supporting a claim under the Unruh Civil Rights Act. 27 4 Barriers are determined by reference to the ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). 28 Chapman, 631 F.3d 939, 945. The ADAAG are listed in 36 CFR Appendix D to Part 1191. 1 3. Factor Four: The Sum of Money at Stake in the Action 2 Under the fourth factor cited in Eitel, “the court must consider the amount of money at 3 stake in relation to the seriousness of Defendant’s conduct.” Eitel, 782 F.2d at 1471-72; see also 4 Philip Morris USA, Inc v. Castworld Prods., Inc., 219 F.R.D. 494, 500. (C.D. Cal. 2003). In this 5 case, plaintiff seeks injunctive relief; statutory damages of $4,000 under the Unruh Civil Rights 6 Act; and attorney’s fees and costs in the amount of $4,910, for a total award of $8,910. (Pl.’s 7 Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 8; Pl.’s MDJ (ECF No. 8-1) at 2.) Although the undersigned more closely 8 scrutinizes the requested statutory damages, attorney’s fees and costs below, the undersigned does 9 not find the overall sum of money at stake to be so large or excessive as to militate against the 10 entry of default judgment. 11 4. Factor Five: The Possibility of a Dispute Concerning Material Facts 12 This Eitel factor considers the possibility that material facts are disputed. “Upon entry of 13 default, all well-pleaded facts in the complaint are taken as true, except those relating to 14 damages.” PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F.Supp.2d at 1177. Here, there appears to be no material facts in 15 dispute. This factor weighs in favor of a default judgment. 16 5. Factor Six: Whether the Default Was Due to Excusable Neglect 17 This Eitel factor considers the possibility that the defendant’s default was the result of 18 excusable neglect. Despite having been properly served with plaintiff’s complaint, the requests 19 for entry of default, and the instant motion for default judgment, defendants have been non- 20 responsive in this action. (ECF Nos. 4, 5, 8, 9, 13-2, 15-2, and 18-8.) Thus, the record suggests 21 that the defendants have chosen not to defend this action, and that the default did not result from 22 excusable neglect. Accordingly, this Eitel factor favors the entry of default judgment. 23 6. Factor Seven: The Strong Policy Underlying the Federal Rules of Civil 24 Procedure Favoring Decisions on the Merits 25 The final Eitel factor examines whether the strong policy favoring deciding cases on the 26 merits prevents a court from entering default judgment. Eitel, 782 F.2d at 1472. Generally, 27 default judgments are disfavored, and a case should be decided on the merits whenever possible. 28 See Pena v. Seguros La Comercial, S.A., 770 F.2d 811, 814 (9th Cir. 1985). However, where a 1 defendant’s failure to appear “makes a decision on the merits impracticable, if not impossible,” 2 entry of default judgment is warranted. PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F.Supp.2d at 1177; see also Craigslist, 3 Inc. v. Naturemarket, Inc., 694 F.Supp.2d 1039, 1061 (N.D. Cal. 2010). Because the defendants 4 have failed to respond in this matter, a decision on the merits is impossible. Therefore, the 5 seventh Eitel factor does not preclude the entry of default judgment. 6 7. Summary of Eitel Factors 7 In sum, upon consideration of all the Eitel factors, the undersigned finds that plaintiff is 8 entitled to a default judgment against defendants and recommends that such a default judgment be 9 entered. The undersigned therefore turns to plaintiff’s requested damages and injunctive relief. 10 B. Terms of the Judgment to Be Entered 11 1. Injunctive Relief 12 After determining that a party is entitled to entry of default judgment, the court must 13 determine the terms of the judgment to be entered. See Landstar Ranger, Inc. v. Path Enterprises, 14 Inc., 725 F.Supp.2d 916, 920 (C.D. Cal. 2010.). Plaintiff’s motion for default judgment seeks 15 injunctive relief. (Pl.’s MDJ (ECF No. 18-7) at 2.) Injunctive relief may be granted “when 16 architectural barriers at defendant’s establishment violate the ADA . . . .” Vogel, 992 F.Supp.2d 17 at 1015. 18 Having found that plaintiff has established that defendant violated the ADA, the 19 undersigned recommends that plaintiff’s request for injunctive relief be granted, and defendants 20 be ordered to remove the barriers at the property identified in plaintiff’s complaint, to the extent 21 the defendants have the legal right to do so, so that the facility is readily accessible to and usable 22 by individuals with disabilities. See Vogel, 992 F.Supp.2d at 1015. 23 2. Statutory Damages 24 The Unruh Act provides that a plaintiff subjected to discrimination is entitled to recover 25 $4,000 for each occasion on which the plaintiff was denied equal access. Cal. Civ. Code § 52(a). 26 To recover statutory damages, a plaintiff need only show that plaintiff was denied full and equal 27 access, not that plaintiff was wholly excluded from enjoying defendant’s services. Vogel, 992 28 F.Supp.2d at 1015; Hubbard v. Twin Oaks Health and Rehabilitation Center, 408 F.Supp.2d 923, 1 932 (E.D. Cal. 2004). “A plaintiff is denied full and equal access only if the plaintiff personally 2 encountered the violation on a particular occasion, or the plaintiff was deterred from accessing a 3 place of public accommodation on a particular occasion.” Cal. Civ. Code § 55.56(b). 4 In support of the request for $4,000 in statutory damages, plaintiff has submitted a 5 declaration stating that plaintiff went to the restaurant “[o]n a number of occasions” from 6 September 2015 through March of 2016[.]” (Pl.’s Decl. (ECF No. 18-4) at 3.) This statement is 7 sufficient to support the award damages for the single violation sought by plaintiff. Accordingly, 8 the undersigned recommends that plaintiff be awarded $4,000 in statutory damages. 9 3. Attorney’s Fees and Costs 10 Plaintiff’s motion for default judgment seeks an award of $4,910 in attorney’s fees and 11 costs. (Pl.’s MDJ (ECF No. 18-1) at 12.) Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12205, a party that prevails on 12 claims brought under the ADA may recover reasonable attorney’s fees and costs in the court’s 13 discretion. Here, plaintiff requests $720 in filing fees, service, and investigator costs, which are 14 reasonable and should be awarded. (Price Decl. (ECF No. 18-3) at 8.) 15 Plaintiff also requests $4,190 in attorney fees for 12.4 hours of work. (Id. at 11.) To 16 determine reasonable attorney’s fees, the starting point is “the number of hours reasonably 17 expended on the litigation multiplied by a reasonable hourly rate.” Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 18 U.S. 424, 433 (1933). This is called the “loadstar” method. The fee applicant must submit 19 evidence of the hours worked and the rates claimed. Id. 20 (1) Reasonable Hourly Rates 21 In assessing application for attorney’s fees, the reasonable hourly rates are to be calculated 22 according to the prevailing market rates in the relevant legal community. Blum v. Stenson, 465 23 U.S. 886, 895 (1984); see also Ingram v. Oroudjian, 647 F.3d 925, 928 (9th Cir. 2011). It is also 24 the general rule that the “relevant legal community” is the forum in which the district court sits. 25 See Gonzalez v. City of Maywood, 729 F.3d 1196, 1205 (9th Cir. 2013); Prison Legal News v. 26 Schwarzenegger, 608 F.3d 446, 454 (9th Cir. 2010); Gates v. Rowland, 39 F.3d 1439, 1449 (9th 27 Cir. 1994); Gates v. Deukmejian, 987 F.2d 1392, 1405 (9th Cir. 1992). 28 //// 1 Here, plaintiff requests attorney fees at hourly rates of $350 and $275. (Price Decl. (ECF 2 No. 18-3) at 6.) Plaintiff’s request is supported by a declaration from plaintiff’s attorney Dennis 3 Price. The declaration asserts that attorney Mark Potter is the founding member of his law firm 4 and that he has 25 years of experience handling disability related issues. (Id. at 4.) Plaintiff 5 asserts that attorney Potter’s “billing rate at $350 in this case is well below the market for an 6 attorney of his expertise and experience,” and that this rate for attorney Potter “has been granted 7 in scores of recent federal court rulings, granting default judgment applications.” (Id. at 5.) 8 Plaintiff, however, failed to cite to any such federal court ruling from this district in support of 9 this assertion. 10 Plaintiff also asserts that attorney Russell Handy is an experienced attorney and is 11 qualified to bill at the rate of $350 per hour. (Id.) Again, plaintiff asserts that “Mr. Handy’s 12 requested billing rate of $350 per hour has been granted in scores of recent federal court rulings, 13 granting default judgment applications.” (Id.) And, again, plaintiff failed to cite to any case in 14 support of this assertion. The same is true of plaintiff’s assertion that attorney Phyl Grace’s 15 requested rate of $350 per hour has been granted in “scores of recent federal court rulings[.]” 16 (Id.) Likewise, plaintiff provided no support for the assertion that “Mr. Price’s requested billing 17 rate of $275 per hour has been granted in scores of recent federal court rulings, granting default 18 judgment applications.” (Id.) 19 In the absence of any evidence from plaintiff establishing the prevailing market rate, the 20 undersigned’s finds, based on research and experience, that “[t]he vast majority of recent cases 21 from this district have concluded that hourly rates of $300 for Mr. Potter and Mr. Handy, $250 for 22 Ms. Grace, and $150 for Mr. Price are reasonable.” Johnson v. Ajay Oil Inc., No. 2:16-cv-2892 23 TLN EFB, 2019 WL 3729813, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 8, 2019); see, e.g., Johnson v. Hey Now 24 Properties, LLC, No. 2:16-cv-2931 WBS KJN, 2019 WL 586753, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Feb. 13, 2019) 25 (finding hourly rate of $300 for Potter and Handy, $250 for senior attorneys, and $150 for junior 26 attorneys were reasonable); Johnson v. Vuong, No. 2:14-cv-0709 KJM DB, 2018 WL 3388456, at 27 *6 (E.D. Cal. July 11, 2018) (“the overwhelming . . . weight of authority establishes that the 28 current prevailing rate for attorney’s fees for similar services by lawyers of reasonably 1 comparable skill, experience, and quality is $250 - $300 per hour in the Sacramento division of 2 the Eastern District of California.”). 3 A district court errs by “discarding the declarations [offered in support of a fee award] 4 entirely and considering only previous fee awards[.]” Roberts v. City of Honolulu, 938 F.3d 5 1020, 1024 (9th Cir. 2019). However, “[i]t is the responsibility of the attorney seeking fees to 6 submit evidence to support the requested hourly rate.” Id. at 1024. Here, plaintiff’s declaration 7 alone does not establish the prevailing market rate. Accordingly, the undersigned has also relied 8 on the undersigned’s experience and research. See O’Campo v. Ghoman, 789 Fed. Appx. 623 9 (9th Cir. 2020) (where plaintiff “failed to submit ‘satisfactory’ evidence of current market rates” 10 the court “permissibly relied on recent fee awards in the district to determine the prevailing rate in 11 similar cases for attorneys with similar experience”). Nonetheless, the undersigned has not 12 discarded the declaration offered by plaintiff’s attorney. 13 In light of the declaration offered by plaintiff’s counsel, the undersigned’s experience, and 14 recent fee awards, “the undersigned will recommend a reasonable hourly rate of $300 per hour for 15 attorneys Potter and Handy, $250 for attorney Grace, and $150 for the less experienced associate, 16 attorney Price.” Johnson v. Pizano, No. 2:17-cv-1655 TLN DB, 2019 WL 2499188, at *7 (E.D. 17 Cal. June 17, 2019). 18 (2) Hours Reasonably Expended 19 A prevailing party is entitled to compensation for attorney time “reasonably expended on 20 the litigation.” Webb v. Board of Educ. of Dyer County, 471 U.S. 234, 242 (1985). The 21 attorney’s fee applicant bears the burden of establishing the appropriate number of hours 22 expended. Hensley, 461 U.S. at 437; see also Jadwin v. County of Kern, 767 F.Supp.2d 1069, 23 1100 (E.D. Cal. 2011) (“The fee applicant bears the burden of documenting the appropriate hours 24 expended in the litigation and must submit evidence in support of those hours worked.”). 25 Time is reasonably expended on the litigation when it is “useful and of a type ordinarily 26 necessary to secure the final result obtained from the litigation.” Pennsylvania v. Delaware 27 Valley Citizens’ Council for Clean Air, 478 U.S. 546, 561 (1986) (citation and internal quotations 28 omitted). “Hours expended on unrelated, unsuccessful claims should not be included in an award 1 of fees.” Webb v. Sloan, 330 F.3d 1158, 1168 (9th Cir. 2003) (quoting Sorenson v. Mink, 239 2 F.3d 1140, 1147 (9th Cir. 2001)). 3 Here, plaintiff’s motion for default judgment seeks compensation for 12.4 hours expended 4 on this action. (Price Decl. (ECF No. 18-3, at 11.) Specifically, it seeks compensation for 2.4 5 hours for attorney Potter, 4.8 hours for attorney Handy, 3.2 hours for attorney Grace, and 2 hours 6 for attorney Price. (Id. at 10-11.) 7 The undersigned finds this amount of time is reasonable when compared to similar ADA 8 cases coming before the court on motions for default judgment. See, e.g., Johnson v. Patel, No. 9 2:15-cv-2298 MCE EFB, 2017 WL 999462, at *3 (E.D. Sept. 21, 2015) (finding “the 8.8 hours 10 expended in filing of motion for the ADA default judgment is admittedly modest”); Loskot v. D 11 & K Spirits, LLC, No. 2:10-cv-0684 WBS DAD, 2011 WL 567364, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Feb. 15, 12 2011) (awarding 17.3 hours expended through filing of motion for default judgment); Johnson v. 13 Hey Now Properties, LLC., No. 2:16-cv-02931-WBS-KJN, 2019 WL 586753 at *3 (E.D. May 14 16, 2018) (awarding 57.3 hours expended in the ADA action). 15 (1) Summary 16 As noted above, plaintiff should be awarded 2.4 hours at a rate of $300 per hour for 17 attorney Potter ($720), 4.8 hours at $300 per hour for attorney Handy ($1,440), 3.2 hours at $250 18 per hour for attorney Grace ($800), and 2 hours at $150 per hour for attorney Price ($300) for the 19 time expended in this matter. Given the 12.4 hours of total time expended, that yields a total fee 20 award of $3,260. When added to the $720 in filing fees, service costs, and investigator costs the 21 total amount of attorney’s fees and costs to which plaintiff is entitled is $3,980. 22 CONCLUSION 23 For the reasons set forth above, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 24 1. Plaintiff’s June 21, 2019 motion for default judgment (ECF No. 18) be granted; 25 2. Judgment be entered against defendants Avtar Atwal, Sukhwinder Kaur, Khader 26 Habibeh, and Nancy Habibeh; 27 3. Defendants be ordered to pay $4,000 in statutory damages; 28 //// 1 4. Defendants be ordered to correct the violation at the property identified in □□□□□□□□□□□ 2 | complaint, to the extent that defendants have the legal right to do so, so that the facility is readily 3 | accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities; 4 5. Defendants be ordered to pay plaintiff $3,980 in attorneys’ fees and costs; and 5 6. This case be closed. 6 These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Judge 7 | assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen (14) 8 || days after these findings and recommendations are filed, any party may file written objections 9 | with the court. A document containing objections should be titled “Objections to Magistrate 10 | Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Any reply to the objections shall be served and filed 11 | within fourteen (14) days after service of the objections. The parties are advised that failure to 12 | file objections within the specified time may, under certain circumstances, waive the right to 13 | appeal the District Court’s order. See Martinez v. YIst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 14 | Dated: January 29, 2020 15 16 U7 ‘BORAH BARNES UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | DLB:6 DB\orders\orders.civil\johnson1546.mdj.f&rs 26 27 28 14