Filed Washington State Court of Appeals Division Two
March 29, 2022
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION II
JOHN RIOS, an individual, No. 55434-8-II
Appellant,
v. UNPUBLISHED OPINION USIEL GONZALEZ and JANE DOE GONZALEZ,
Respondent.
PRICE, J. — John Rios appeals the superior court’s order dismissing his complaint for
failure to properly serve Usiel Gonzalez under the substitute service provisions of RCW 46.64.040,
Washington’s nonresident motorist act. Because Rios failed to strictly comply with the
requirements of RCW 46.64.040, the superior court properly dismissed the complaint.
Accordingly, we affirm.
FACTS
On May 1, 2017, Rios and Gonzalez were involved in a vehicle collision. Nearly three
years later, on April 20, 2020, Rios filed a complaint against Gonzalez for damages resulting from
the collision.
On April 23, Rios attempted to personally serve Gonzalez at the address listed on the
collision report. The process server determined that Gonzalez no longer lived at the listed address
but was unable to obtain a new address for Gonzalez. Rios conducted a skip trace as well as No. 55434-8-II
searches of internet directories, telephone directories, and social media. Despite these efforts, Rios
was unable to identify an address for Gonzalez.
On July 16, Rios mailed copies of the summons and complaint to the secretary of state in
order to effect substitute service under RCW 46.64.040. On July 20, the documents were delivered
to the secretary of state. And on July 24, Rios received confirmation from the secretary of state
that service of process had been received. On August 11, 26 days after he mailed service to the
secretary of state, Rios sent notice of service on the secretary of state, as well as other required
documents, to Gonzalez’s last known address.
Gonzalez filed a motion for summary judgment arguing that Rios failed to properly effect
service of process. Rios responded by arguing he complied with the substitute service
requirements of RCW 46.64.040. Gonzalez replied that Rios failed to strictly comply with several
requirements of providing notice of service to Gonzalez, including the specific allegation that by
delaying for almost a month, Rios failed to provide notice “forthwith” of his service on the
secretary of state to Gonzalez’s last known address as required by the statute. Clerk’s Papers (CP)
at 100 (internal quotation marks omitted). During the hearing on the motion for summary
judgment Rios conceded that there was no explanation for the delay in sending notice to Gonzalez:
Again, obviously, like I said before, we should have done it sooner. I’m not arguing that this couldn’t have been done sooner. Clearly it could have been.
Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP) at 11. The superior court granted Gonzalez’s motion for
summary judgment and dismissed Rios’ complaint with prejudice.
Rios appeals.
2 No. 55434-8-II
ANALYSIS
Rios argues that the superior court erred by granting Gonzalez’s motion for summary
judgment. Specifically, Rios argues that we should construe the statutory requirements of RCW
46.64.040 to require notice to the defendant within a reasonable time, and that his notice to
Gonzalez satisfied that standard. However, even if we assume that Rios’ construction is correct,
Rios did not provide notice to Gonzalez within a reasonable time. Accordingly, the superior court
did not err by granting Gonzalez’s motion for summary judgment.
We review summary judgment orders de novo. Sartin v. Estate of McPike, 15 Wn. App.
2d 163, 172, 475 P.3d 522 (2020), review denied, 196 Wn.2d 1046 (2021). Summary judgment is
appropriate if there are no genuine issues of material fact and the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. CR 56(c). A genuine issue of material fact exists if reasonable minds
could disagree on the conclusion of a factual issue. Sartin, 15 Wn. App. 2d at 172. We review all
facts and reasonable inferences drawn from those facts in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party. Id. We may affirm summary judgment on any basis supported by the record.
Bavand v. OneWest Bank FSB, 196 Wn. App. 813, 825, 385 P.3d 233 (2016).
“ ‘Proper service of the summons and complaint is a prerequisite to a court’s obtaining
jurisdiction over a party.’ ” Heinzig v. Seok Hwang, 189 Wn. App. 304, 310, 354 P.3d 943 (2015),
review denied, 184 Wn.2d 1036 (2016) (quoting Harvey v. Obermeit, 163 Wn. App. 311, 318, 261
P.3d 671 (2011). We review whether service of process was proper de novo. Id.
RCW 46.64.040, Washington’s nonresident motorist act, “allows for substituted service on
the Washington secretary of state when the person intended to be served is not an inhabitant of or
3 No. 55434-8-II
cannot be found within Washington.” Heinzig, 189 Wn. App. at 310. RCW 46.64.040 provides
the requirements for effecting substitute service on the secretary of state:
Service of such summons or process shall be made by leaving two copies thereof with a fee established by the secretary of state by rule with the secretary of state of the state of Washington, or at the secretary of state’s office,, and such service shall be sufficient and valid personal service upon said resident or nonresident: PROVIDED, That notice of such service and a copy of the summons or process is forthwith sent by registered mail with return receipt requested, by plaintiff to the defendant at the last known address of the said defendant, and the plaintiff’s affidavit of compliance herewith are appended to the process, together with the affidavit of the plaintiff’s attorney that the attorney has with due diligence attempted to serve personal process upon the defendant at all addresses known to him or her of defendant and further listing in his or her affidavit the addresses at which he or she attempted to have process served.
(Emphasis added). Our Supreme Court has held that “[i]t is appropriate to require strict
compliance with the detailed procedures for service of process set forth in RCW 46.64.040.”
Martin v. Triol, 121 Wn.2d 135, 144, 847 P.2d 471 (1993). Further, “notice to the defendant is
essential for due process.” Martin v. Meier, 111 Wn.2d 471, 476, 760 P.2d 925 (1988). “A
plaintiff’s failure to adhere to the statute’s procedures for notifying the defendant that process has
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Filed Washington State Court of Appeals Division Two
March 29, 2022
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION II
JOHN RIOS, an individual, No. 55434-8-II
Appellant,
v. UNPUBLISHED OPINION USIEL GONZALEZ and JANE DOE GONZALEZ,
Respondent.
PRICE, J. — John Rios appeals the superior court’s order dismissing his complaint for
failure to properly serve Usiel Gonzalez under the substitute service provisions of RCW 46.64.040,
Washington’s nonresident motorist act. Because Rios failed to strictly comply with the
requirements of RCW 46.64.040, the superior court properly dismissed the complaint.
Accordingly, we affirm.
FACTS
On May 1, 2017, Rios and Gonzalez were involved in a vehicle collision. Nearly three
years later, on April 20, 2020, Rios filed a complaint against Gonzalez for damages resulting from
the collision.
On April 23, Rios attempted to personally serve Gonzalez at the address listed on the
collision report. The process server determined that Gonzalez no longer lived at the listed address
but was unable to obtain a new address for Gonzalez. Rios conducted a skip trace as well as No. 55434-8-II
searches of internet directories, telephone directories, and social media. Despite these efforts, Rios
was unable to identify an address for Gonzalez.
On July 16, Rios mailed copies of the summons and complaint to the secretary of state in
order to effect substitute service under RCW 46.64.040. On July 20, the documents were delivered
to the secretary of state. And on July 24, Rios received confirmation from the secretary of state
that service of process had been received. On August 11, 26 days after he mailed service to the
secretary of state, Rios sent notice of service on the secretary of state, as well as other required
documents, to Gonzalez’s last known address.
Gonzalez filed a motion for summary judgment arguing that Rios failed to properly effect
service of process. Rios responded by arguing he complied with the substitute service
requirements of RCW 46.64.040. Gonzalez replied that Rios failed to strictly comply with several
requirements of providing notice of service to Gonzalez, including the specific allegation that by
delaying for almost a month, Rios failed to provide notice “forthwith” of his service on the
secretary of state to Gonzalez’s last known address as required by the statute. Clerk’s Papers (CP)
at 100 (internal quotation marks omitted). During the hearing on the motion for summary
judgment Rios conceded that there was no explanation for the delay in sending notice to Gonzalez:
Again, obviously, like I said before, we should have done it sooner. I’m not arguing that this couldn’t have been done sooner. Clearly it could have been.
Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP) at 11. The superior court granted Gonzalez’s motion for
summary judgment and dismissed Rios’ complaint with prejudice.
Rios appeals.
2 No. 55434-8-II
ANALYSIS
Rios argues that the superior court erred by granting Gonzalez’s motion for summary
judgment. Specifically, Rios argues that we should construe the statutory requirements of RCW
46.64.040 to require notice to the defendant within a reasonable time, and that his notice to
Gonzalez satisfied that standard. However, even if we assume that Rios’ construction is correct,
Rios did not provide notice to Gonzalez within a reasonable time. Accordingly, the superior court
did not err by granting Gonzalez’s motion for summary judgment.
We review summary judgment orders de novo. Sartin v. Estate of McPike, 15 Wn. App.
2d 163, 172, 475 P.3d 522 (2020), review denied, 196 Wn.2d 1046 (2021). Summary judgment is
appropriate if there are no genuine issues of material fact and the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. CR 56(c). A genuine issue of material fact exists if reasonable minds
could disagree on the conclusion of a factual issue. Sartin, 15 Wn. App. 2d at 172. We review all
facts and reasonable inferences drawn from those facts in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party. Id. We may affirm summary judgment on any basis supported by the record.
Bavand v. OneWest Bank FSB, 196 Wn. App. 813, 825, 385 P.3d 233 (2016).
“ ‘Proper service of the summons and complaint is a prerequisite to a court’s obtaining
jurisdiction over a party.’ ” Heinzig v. Seok Hwang, 189 Wn. App. 304, 310, 354 P.3d 943 (2015),
review denied, 184 Wn.2d 1036 (2016) (quoting Harvey v. Obermeit, 163 Wn. App. 311, 318, 261
P.3d 671 (2011). We review whether service of process was proper de novo. Id.
RCW 46.64.040, Washington’s nonresident motorist act, “allows for substituted service on
the Washington secretary of state when the person intended to be served is not an inhabitant of or
3 No. 55434-8-II
cannot be found within Washington.” Heinzig, 189 Wn. App. at 310. RCW 46.64.040 provides
the requirements for effecting substitute service on the secretary of state:
Service of such summons or process shall be made by leaving two copies thereof with a fee established by the secretary of state by rule with the secretary of state of the state of Washington, or at the secretary of state’s office,, and such service shall be sufficient and valid personal service upon said resident or nonresident: PROVIDED, That notice of such service and a copy of the summons or process is forthwith sent by registered mail with return receipt requested, by plaintiff to the defendant at the last known address of the said defendant, and the plaintiff’s affidavit of compliance herewith are appended to the process, together with the affidavit of the plaintiff’s attorney that the attorney has with due diligence attempted to serve personal process upon the defendant at all addresses known to him or her of defendant and further listing in his or her affidavit the addresses at which he or she attempted to have process served.
(Emphasis added). Our Supreme Court has held that “[i]t is appropriate to require strict
compliance with the detailed procedures for service of process set forth in RCW 46.64.040.”
Martin v. Triol, 121 Wn.2d 135, 144, 847 P.2d 471 (1993). Further, “notice to the defendant is
essential for due process.” Martin v. Meier, 111 Wn.2d 471, 476, 760 P.2d 925 (1988). “A
plaintiff’s failure to adhere to the statute’s procedures for notifying the defendant that process has
been served on the secretary renders service on the secretary a nullity.” Heinzig, 189 Wn. App. at
312.
The parties dispute how we should define the term forthwith. “Forthwith” is defined in the
dictionary to mean “1: with dispatch : without delay : within a reasonable time . . . : immediately;
2: immediately after some proceeding event[.]” WEBSTER’S THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL
DICTIONARY at 895 (1993). Rios argues that the term forthwith in RCW 46.64.040 should be
construed liberally to mean “within a reasonable time under the circumstances.” Appellant’s
Opening Br. at 12 (boldface removed). Gonzalez argues that forthwith should be interpreted to
4 No. 55434-8-II
mean immediately or without delay. Even assuming, without deciding, that f'orthwith means
within a reasonable time under the circumstances, Rios failed to comply with the notice
requirements of the statute.
The undisputed facts show that Rios mailed notice to Gonzalez almost a month after service
of process was mailed to the secretary of state and approximately two weeks after Rios received
confirmation of service on the secretary of state. Rios provided no explanation for the delay
between service on the secretary of state and mailing notice to Gonzalez. Further, Rios admitted
that notice could have been mailed to Gonzalez sooner. As soon as service of process was sent to
the secretary of state, Rios was able to mail the notice and other required process to Gonzalez’s
last known address. Because there was no explanation for the delay in mailing the notice, taking
almost a month to mail notice that could have been mailed the same day as service was mailed to
the secretary of state is not within a reasonable time.
Rios argues notice was mailed in a reasonable time because Gonzalez ultimately received
notice and was not prejudiced. However, using the end result of whether notice was actually
received is essentially relying on substantial rather than strict compliance with the procedural
requirements of the statute. Strict compliance with the procedural requirements is necessary to
ensure notice comports with due process. Accordingly, we determine the reasonableness of the
delay on the reason for the delay, not on whether the defendant ultimately received notice despite
the delay.
Therefore, because Rios did not provide timely notice to Gonzalez of his service on the
secretary of state, summary judgment in favor of Gonzalez was appropriate. We affirm.
5 No. 55434-8-II
A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040,
it is so ordered.
PRICE, J. We concur:
GLASGOW, A.C.J.
VELJACIC, J.