IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 13-1619 Filed October 14, 2015
JOHN LEE HRBEK, Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA, Respondent-Appellee. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, Kathleen A.
Kilnoski, Judge.
John Lee Hrbek appeals from the denial of his application to reinstate his
postconviction-relief action. REVERSED AND REMANDED.
Philip B. Mears of Mears Law Office, Iowa City, for appellant.
John Lee Hrbek, Anamosa, pro se.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Tyler J. Buller, Assistant Attorney
General, Matthew Wilber, County Attorney, and Margaret Popp-Reyes, Assistant
County Attorney, for appellee State.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Doyle, JJ. 2
DANILSON, Chief Judge.
John Lee Hrbek appeals from the denial of his application to reinstate his
postconviction-relief (PCR) action, which was dismissed on January 1, 2005,
pursuant to Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.944.
We generally review an appeal from a denial of a PCR application for
correction of errors at law. Lado v. State, 804 N.W.2d 248, 250 (Iowa 2011).
However, we review de novo the applicant’s contention his statutory right to
effective assistance of postconviction counsel. See id.
The district court set out the bizarre procedural history of the PCR
action—unreasonably extended as it is:
The records in the file revealed that the applicant, through his attorney H. Walter Green, filed an application for post-conviction relief on June 30, 1987. The application was timely filed within three years of the March 6, 1986, procedendo that issued after his convictions for two counts of first degree murder were affirmed. On August 14, 1987, Hrbek’s counsel filed a motion for default judgment. On August 31, 1987, Hrbek filed a pro se motion for summary judgment. On September 1, 1987, Hrbek filed another pro se motion for summary judgment. A hearing was scheduled for September 1, 1987, on the motion for default judgment. Hrbek’s attorney appeared at the hearing September 1. By order filed September 3, 1987, the court denied the motion for default judgment. On September 24, 1987, Hrbek filed a pro se motion to adjudicate law points. In October 1988, attorney Green moved to withdraw. On October 18, 1988, the court granted Green’s motion and appointed attorney Richard Swenson to represent Mr. Hrbek. There was no indication in the file that the order appointing Swenson or allowing Green to withdraw was given to Mr. Hrbek. On April 3, 1990, the State made a motion for a more specific statement. The motion was set for hearing on April 24, 1990. The file does not reveal that any order regarding the motion was entered. The next entry in the file was on May 11, 1992, when Hrbek filed a pro se “memorandum in support of application for postconviction as amended.” He filed an amended application for 3
postconviction relief the same day. On May 13, 1992, Hrbek filed a pro se amendment to the amended application. On May 22, 1992, the State moved to dismiss Hrbek’s May 13, 1992, action for postconviction relief as being not timely filed within three years of procedendo, which the state urged had issued August 25, 1983. A hearing was scheduled for June 15, 1992, on the State’s motion to dismiss. Notice of the hearing was sent to Hrbek and his attorney Swenson. On June 10, 1992, Hrbek filed a pro se motion to amend and supplement pleadings. The record shows the next matter docketed was a November 16, 1993, scheduling order setting a hearing on Hrbek’s motion to recast, amend and substitute the postconviction petition. Notice of the hearing was sent to Hrbek and his attorney Swenson. The record does not show that a hearing occurred or an order issued. On March 21, 1994, Hrbek’s attorney filed a motion to allow him to amend the petition. On that same date, the court granted the motion to amend the petition and gave the parties thirty days to schedule trial and file a discovery schedule. There are no records of any action between March 1994 and March 1997, until the court on March 7, 1997, dismissed the case. On March 28, 1997, Hrbek’s attorney moved to set aside the March 7 dismissal, because neither the attorney nor Mr. Hrbek had been notified of a motion to dismiss. On April 7, 1997, the court set aside the dismissal and reinstated the case. There was no other action in the case from 1997 until July 29, 2004, when the clerk of court sent notice to attorney Swenson and the county attorney that [a listed] case had to be tried before December 31, 2004, or it would be dismissed on January 1, 2005, for lack of prosecution, pursuant to Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.944.[1] On January 3, 2005, the case was dismissed under Rule 1.944. Two copies of the dismissal order were sent by the clerk of court, presumably to attorney Swenson and to the county attorney.[2] Eight-and-one-half years later, Hrbek filed his June 28, 2013, pro se motion to rescind the rule 1.944 dismissal.
Hrbek argues he never received notice of the dismissal and was never
told by his court-appointed attorney the case had been dismissed. He asserts he
1 This dismissal order included a list of more than fifty cases, and Hrbek’s name is not legible in the list. We have attached the order as Appendix A. 2 The dismissal order is attached as Appendix B. 4
only learned of the dismissal inadvertently in checking on another matter. He
contends appointed postconviction counsel was ineffective in failing to prosecute
the matter and in not moving timely to set aside the rule 1.944 dismissal.
The district court ruled it was without jurisdiction to reinstate the case after
the six-month window noted in rule 1.944(6).3 This ruling is consistent with
Walker v. State, 572 N.W.2d 589, 590 (Iowa 1997), which dealt with the
predecessor to rule 1.944. There, the court wrote, “This court has repeatedly
held that even if ‘good cause’ is shown for reinstating a case dismissed pursuant
to rule 215.1, a district court lacks the authority to do so where the application for
reinstatement was filed more than six months after the dismissal.” Walker, 572
N.W.2d at 590. The Walker court stated, “Walker contends the alleged
ineffective assistance of his counsel should constitute an exception to the rule.
Nothing in rule 215.1 or our case law supports this position and we reject it.” Id.
However, our supreme court held in Lado v. State, 804 N.W.2d 248, 253
(Iowa 2011), when a PCR application is dismissed by operation of rule 1.944
“without any consideration of its merits or meaningful adversarial testing” the
applicant is constructively without counsel during his PCR proceeding, which
constitutes a “structural error” and “renders the entire postconviction relief
proceeding ‘presumptively unreliable.’” Lado, 804 N.W.2d at 252-53. Thus, our
3 Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.944(6) states: The trial court may, in its discretion, and shall upon a showing that such dismissal was the result of oversight, mistake or other reasonable cause, reinstate the action or actions so dismissed. Application for such reinstatement, setting forth the grounds therefor, shall be filed within six months from the date of dismissal. 5
current case law does support the proposition that the alleged ineffective
assistance of his counsel constitutes an exception to the rule. See id.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 13-1619 Filed October 14, 2015
JOHN LEE HRBEK, Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA, Respondent-Appellee. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, Kathleen A.
Kilnoski, Judge.
John Lee Hrbek appeals from the denial of his application to reinstate his
postconviction-relief action. REVERSED AND REMANDED.
Philip B. Mears of Mears Law Office, Iowa City, for appellant.
John Lee Hrbek, Anamosa, pro se.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Tyler J. Buller, Assistant Attorney
General, Matthew Wilber, County Attorney, and Margaret Popp-Reyes, Assistant
County Attorney, for appellee State.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Doyle, JJ. 2
DANILSON, Chief Judge.
John Lee Hrbek appeals from the denial of his application to reinstate his
postconviction-relief (PCR) action, which was dismissed on January 1, 2005,
pursuant to Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.944.
We generally review an appeal from a denial of a PCR application for
correction of errors at law. Lado v. State, 804 N.W.2d 248, 250 (Iowa 2011).
However, we review de novo the applicant’s contention his statutory right to
effective assistance of postconviction counsel. See id.
The district court set out the bizarre procedural history of the PCR
action—unreasonably extended as it is:
The records in the file revealed that the applicant, through his attorney H. Walter Green, filed an application for post-conviction relief on June 30, 1987. The application was timely filed within three years of the March 6, 1986, procedendo that issued after his convictions for two counts of first degree murder were affirmed. On August 14, 1987, Hrbek’s counsel filed a motion for default judgment. On August 31, 1987, Hrbek filed a pro se motion for summary judgment. On September 1, 1987, Hrbek filed another pro se motion for summary judgment. A hearing was scheduled for September 1, 1987, on the motion for default judgment. Hrbek’s attorney appeared at the hearing September 1. By order filed September 3, 1987, the court denied the motion for default judgment. On September 24, 1987, Hrbek filed a pro se motion to adjudicate law points. In October 1988, attorney Green moved to withdraw. On October 18, 1988, the court granted Green’s motion and appointed attorney Richard Swenson to represent Mr. Hrbek. There was no indication in the file that the order appointing Swenson or allowing Green to withdraw was given to Mr. Hrbek. On April 3, 1990, the State made a motion for a more specific statement. The motion was set for hearing on April 24, 1990. The file does not reveal that any order regarding the motion was entered. The next entry in the file was on May 11, 1992, when Hrbek filed a pro se “memorandum in support of application for postconviction as amended.” He filed an amended application for 3
postconviction relief the same day. On May 13, 1992, Hrbek filed a pro se amendment to the amended application. On May 22, 1992, the State moved to dismiss Hrbek’s May 13, 1992, action for postconviction relief as being not timely filed within three years of procedendo, which the state urged had issued August 25, 1983. A hearing was scheduled for June 15, 1992, on the State’s motion to dismiss. Notice of the hearing was sent to Hrbek and his attorney Swenson. On June 10, 1992, Hrbek filed a pro se motion to amend and supplement pleadings. The record shows the next matter docketed was a November 16, 1993, scheduling order setting a hearing on Hrbek’s motion to recast, amend and substitute the postconviction petition. Notice of the hearing was sent to Hrbek and his attorney Swenson. The record does not show that a hearing occurred or an order issued. On March 21, 1994, Hrbek’s attorney filed a motion to allow him to amend the petition. On that same date, the court granted the motion to amend the petition and gave the parties thirty days to schedule trial and file a discovery schedule. There are no records of any action between March 1994 and March 1997, until the court on March 7, 1997, dismissed the case. On March 28, 1997, Hrbek’s attorney moved to set aside the March 7 dismissal, because neither the attorney nor Mr. Hrbek had been notified of a motion to dismiss. On April 7, 1997, the court set aside the dismissal and reinstated the case. There was no other action in the case from 1997 until July 29, 2004, when the clerk of court sent notice to attorney Swenson and the county attorney that [a listed] case had to be tried before December 31, 2004, or it would be dismissed on January 1, 2005, for lack of prosecution, pursuant to Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.944.[1] On January 3, 2005, the case was dismissed under Rule 1.944. Two copies of the dismissal order were sent by the clerk of court, presumably to attorney Swenson and to the county attorney.[2] Eight-and-one-half years later, Hrbek filed his June 28, 2013, pro se motion to rescind the rule 1.944 dismissal.
Hrbek argues he never received notice of the dismissal and was never
told by his court-appointed attorney the case had been dismissed. He asserts he
1 This dismissal order included a list of more than fifty cases, and Hrbek’s name is not legible in the list. We have attached the order as Appendix A. 2 The dismissal order is attached as Appendix B. 4
only learned of the dismissal inadvertently in checking on another matter. He
contends appointed postconviction counsel was ineffective in failing to prosecute
the matter and in not moving timely to set aside the rule 1.944 dismissal.
The district court ruled it was without jurisdiction to reinstate the case after
the six-month window noted in rule 1.944(6).3 This ruling is consistent with
Walker v. State, 572 N.W.2d 589, 590 (Iowa 1997), which dealt with the
predecessor to rule 1.944. There, the court wrote, “This court has repeatedly
held that even if ‘good cause’ is shown for reinstating a case dismissed pursuant
to rule 215.1, a district court lacks the authority to do so where the application for
reinstatement was filed more than six months after the dismissal.” Walker, 572
N.W.2d at 590. The Walker court stated, “Walker contends the alleged
ineffective assistance of his counsel should constitute an exception to the rule.
Nothing in rule 215.1 or our case law supports this position and we reject it.” Id.
However, our supreme court held in Lado v. State, 804 N.W.2d 248, 253
(Iowa 2011), when a PCR application is dismissed by operation of rule 1.944
“without any consideration of its merits or meaningful adversarial testing” the
applicant is constructively without counsel during his PCR proceeding, which
constitutes a “structural error” and “renders the entire postconviction relief
proceeding ‘presumptively unreliable.’” Lado, 804 N.W.2d at 252-53. Thus, our
3 Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.944(6) states: The trial court may, in its discretion, and shall upon a showing that such dismissal was the result of oversight, mistake or other reasonable cause, reinstate the action or actions so dismissed. Application for such reinstatement, setting forth the grounds therefor, shall be filed within six months from the date of dismissal. 5
current case law does support the proposition that the alleged ineffective
assistance of his counsel constitutes an exception to the rule. See id.
We observe, too, that no notice of the rule 1.944 dismissal was sent to
Hrbek, and the record is not at all clear whether the rule 1.944 notice was sent to
Hrbek’s court appointed attorney.4 “At the very least, procedural due process
requires notice and opportunity to be heard in a proceeding that is adequate to
safeguard the right for which the constitutional protection is invoked.” State v.
Seering, 701 N.W.2d 655, 665-66 (Iowa 2005) (internal quotation marks and
citations omitted). Despite the lengthy lag between the dismissal and Hrbek’s
motion to rescind the rule 1.944 dismissal—in a case fraught with several
unreasonable lengths of inaction by both counsel and the court—Hrbek
nonetheless was entitled to the effective assistance of appointed counsel. See
Lado, 804 N.W.2d at 252.
In Lado, the court noted:
The court specifically warned Lado’s counsel that his postconviction relief application was subject to rule 1.944 dismissal. Counsel at no point sought a continuance to obtain relief from the rule’s consequences. Additionally, after the court dismissed the case pursuant to the rule, counsel never made application to the court to have the case reinstated as allowed by the rule. When the State filed its motions for summary judgment and dismissal alleging Lado’s application should be dismissed pursuant to rule 1.944,
4 The State argues, “[W]hile the minutiae of the notice’s formatting may not have complied exactly with rule 1.944, the notice was sufficient to apprise counsel that this case faced dismissal under Rule 1.944 unless some action was taken.” Rule 1.944(2) provides, in part: The clerk shall prior to August 15 of each year give notice to counsel of record as provided in rule 1.442 of the docket number, the names of parties, counsel appearing, and the date of filing the petition. The notice shall state that such case will be subject to dismissal if not tried prior to January 1 of the next succeeding year pursuant to the rule. We have attached the notice upon which the State relies in Appendix A. We are not persuaded by the State’s proclamations of sufficiency. 6
Lado’s counsel sat silent and did not respond. Not surprisingly, the court dismissed Lado’s application for failure to prosecute. Lado was constructively without counsel during his postconviction relief proceeding as his application was dismissed without any consideration of its merits or meaningful adversarial testing. This is the type of error that renders the entire postconviction relief proceeding “presumptively unreliable.” Accordingly, Lado’s statutory right to effective counsel entitles him to have his postconviction relief dismissal reversed and to proceed with his postconviction relief proceeding.
Id. at 252-53.
We conclude Hrbek is similarly entitled to proceed with his postconviction-
relief proceeding. Under the unusual circumstances of this case, we conclude
the district court erred in denying reinstatement of the action. See Friedley v.
State, No. 11-1782, 2013 WL 988628, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 13, 2013).
REVERSED AND REMANDED. 7
Appendix A
.... 8 9
Appendix B