TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-09-00140-CV
John Crain, Appellant
v.
Hartford Insurance Company and Texas Department of Insurance
Division of Workers’ Compensation, Appellees
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BLANCO COUNTY, 424TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. CV-05952, HONORABLE DANIEL H. MILLS, JUDGE PRESIDING
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
Appellee Hartford Insurance Company filed suit against Appellant John Crain for
judicial review of a decision of the Division of Workers’ Compensation of the Texas Department
of Insurance that Hartford was liable for Crain’s spinal surgery.
Hartford filed a motion for
summary judgment asserting that it was not liable for the spinal surgery because Crain had waived
his right to seek administrative review of Hartford’s decision to deny preauthorization for the
surgery. Crain then filed counterclaims for declaratory judgment. The trial court granted Hartford’s
motion and, at a later hearing, dismissed Crain’s counterclaims for lack of subject-matter
jurisdiction. Because we hold that Crain failed to timely file his request for administrative review
of Hartford’s preauthorization denial and because the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction
over Crain’s claims for declaratory judgment, we will affirm the trial court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
Crain suffered a compensable injury to his back while at work on January 8, 2003.
Hartford was the workers’ compensation insurance carrier for Crain’s employer. Dr. Lloyd
Youngblood, Crain’s neurosurgeon, sought preauthorization from Hartford on October 3, 2003 to
perform spinal surgery as treatment for Crain’s compensable injury.
Hartford asked an orthopedic
surgeon to review Dr. Youngblood’s preauthorization request. When Hartford’s doctor determined
that the requested spinal surgery was not medically necessary, Hartford denied Dr. Youngblood’s
request for preauthorization on October 9, 2003.
On October 31, 2003, Dr. Youngblood submitted another request for preauthorization
of the spinal surgery for Crain. The diagnosis and surgical procedure requested by Dr. Youngblood
in this request were identical to the diagnosis and surgical request in the previously denied
October 3, 2003 request. Hartford asked a different surgeon to review this request, and he likewise
determined that the spinal surgery was not medically necessary, so Hartford again denied
preauthorization on November 11, 2003. Hartford’s surgeon notified Dr. Youngblood directly of
the denial and, according to Hartford’s surgeon’s notes, Dr. Youngblood expressed an intent to try
a different medical procedure on Crain.
On January 2, 2004, Dr. Youngblood submitted a third request for preauthorization
of the spinal surgery for Crain. The diagnosis and requested surgery in this request were again
identical to the diagnosis and surgery in the previous two requests. Hartford asked the same surgeon
to review this request. He again determined that the requested spinal surgery was not medically
necessary and notified Dr. Youngblood’s office directly of his decision. Hartford also sent a letter
denying this preauthorization request.
Almost five months later, on May 21, 2004, Dr. Youngblood submitted a fourth
request for preauthorization. The diagnosis and requested spinal surgery were identical to those
described in the previous three requests. Hartford notified Dr. Youngblood’s office that it would not
review this request because Crain had failed to timely request reconsideration of Hartford’s previous
denial as required by the Division’s rules.
Finally, on June 11, 2004, Dr. Youngblood submitted a fifth request for
preauthorization. Again, the diagnosis and surgical procedure in this request were identical to
Dr. Youngblood’s previous four requests for preauthorization. Hartford called Dr. Youngblood’s
office on June 11, 2004 to inform him that Hartford would not process this request because
it was untimely.
Administrative Review of Preauthorization Request
On June 28, 2004, Crain filed a request for a medical dispute resolution (“MDR”)
with the Division, seeking an independent review organization (“IRO”) review of Hartford’s denial
of preauthorization for Crain’s spinal surgery. See 28 Tex. Admin. Code § 134.600 (2003)
(Tex. Workers’ Compensation Comm’n, Pre-authorization), amended by 29 Tex. Reg. 2349 (2004),
amended by 31 Tex. Reg. 3566 (2006) (hereinafter “Former 28 Tex. Admin Code § 134.600”).
Hartford argued to the Division that it should deny Crain’s request for MDR because it was filed
more than forty-five days after Hartford had denied reconsideration of Crain’s preauthorization
request. See 28 Tex. Admin. Code § 133.308(e) (2004) (Div. of Workers’ Compensation, Dispute
and Audit of Bills by Ins. Carriers), amended by 29 Tex. Reg. 8562 (2004), replaced by 31 Tex.
Reg. 30314 (2006) (hereinafter “Former 28 Tex. Admin. Code § 133.308”). The Division granted
Crain’s MDR request and referred the dispute to an IRO. The IRO reviewed Crain’s file, determined
that the spinal surgery was medically necessary, and approved Crain’s request for preauthorization.
After the IRO’s decision, Hartford filed a request for a contested case hearing with
the Division. See id. § 133.308(v). After a full hearing on the merits, the hearing officer for the
contested case hearing held that Crain had not waived his right to MDR and that a preponderance
of the evidence supported the IRO reviewer’s determination that the requested spinal surgery was
medically necessary. Hartford appealed the hearing officer’s decision to the Division’s appeals
panel. The appeals panel did not issue its own decision, but instead allowed the hearing officer’s
decision to become the final decision of the appeals panel by operation of law. See Tex. Lab. Code
Ann. § 410.204(c) (West 2006). Because the affirmed hearing officer’s decision was binding on the
parties during the pendency of any appeal, see Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 410.205 (West 2006), Crain
received and Hartford paid for the disputed spinal surgery.
District Court Proceedings
Hartford filed this case seeking judicial review of the appeals panel decision. See
Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 410.251-.258 (West Supp. 2010).
Hartford seeks judgment here that it is
not liable for the costs of Crain’s spinal surgery, but Hartford’s objective is reimbursement for the
costs of Crain’s surgery from the Subsequent Injury Fund (“SIF”). The SIF is a dedicated account
in the general revenue fund used only for purposes specified by statute, including reimbursement to
an insurance carrier for overpayment of benefits made under an interlocutory order of the Division.
Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 403.006 (West Supp. 2010); 28 Tex. Admin. Code § 116.11(a) (West 2010)
(Tex. Dep’t Ins., Request for Reimbursement from the Subsequent Injury Fund). Because Hartford
can seek reimbursement from the SIF if it is determined that Hartford it is not liable for the costs of
Crain’s surgery, Crain is not liable for any payments Hartford made on his behalf prior to the
appeals panel’s decision being overturned. See Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 410.209 (West 2006); see
also Wolford v. American Home Assurance Co., 263 S.W.3d 12, 17 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
2006, no pet.).
Hartford moved for summary judgment on its assertion that Crain had waived his
right to administrative review by failing to timely file his request for MDR. Crain responded by
asserting that Hartford’s evidence raised material issues of fact regarding waiver. He also filed
counterclaims for declaratory judgment regarding Hartford’s claims and the interpretation and
application of the Texas Workers’ Compensation Act (“TWCA”), see Tex. Lab. Code Ann.
§§ 401.001 - 506.002 (West 2006 and West Supp. 2010). The trial court granted Hartford’s motion
for summary judgment, reversed the Division’s decision, and ordered that Hartford was not liable
for the cost of Crain’s surgery.
Shortly after the trial court granted summary judgment, Hartford filed a plea to the
jurisdiction on Crain’s claims for declaratory judgment. In response, Crain amended his
counterclaims for declaratory judgment by adding the Division as a third-party defendant. The
Division filed its own plea to the jurisdiction and answer. The trial court granted Hartford’s plea to
the jurisdiction and dismissed Crain’s counterclaims for declaratory judgment for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, thus rendering its earlier partial summary judgment final.
DISCUSSION
In four issues on appeal, Crain contends that the trial court erred by granting
Hartford’s motion for summary judgment and by dismissing his claims for declaratory judgment.
Summary Judgment
Crain asserts that summary judgment was improper because (1) Hartford’s evidence
raised factual disputes regarding Crain’s alleged waiver, (2) the summary judgment limited or
terminated, in violation of the TWCA, Crain’s right to lifetime medical care under the TWCA, and
(3) a health care provider’s actions may not waive an injured worker’s rights to lifetime medical care
under the TWCA.
(i) Standard of Review
Because the issues here ultimately involve matters regarding compensability and
medical benefits, judicial review of the Division’s decision is under a modified de novo standard.
See Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 410.301 (West 2006); see also Morales v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.,
241 S.W.3d 514, 519 (Tex. 2007). Under modified de novo review, all issues regarding
compensability must be tried by the jury or the trial court, Texas Workers’ Compensation
Commission v. Garcia, 893 S.W.2d 504, 528 (Tex. 1995), but the “trial is limited to the issues
decided by the appeals panel and on which judicial review is sought” and the pleadings must
specifically set forth the determinations of the appeals panel for which review is sought, Tex. Lab.
Code Ann. § 410.302(b) (West 2006). In the present case, Hartford sought review of the appeals
panel’s determination that a preponderance of the evidence supported the IRO’s determination that
Crain’s spinal surgery was medically necessary, and that Crain did not waive his right to
administrative review of Hartford’s preauthorization denial by failing to timely file a request for
MDR. The party appealing the appeals panel decision, here Hartford, has the burden of proof by a
preponderance of the evidence. Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 410.303 (West 2006). The trial court,
although informed of the appeals panel’s decision, is not required to accord it any particular weight.
Morales, 241 S.W.3d at 516; Garcia, 893 S.W.2d at 515. Further, because it is a de novo review,
new evidence—i.e., other than that presented to the hearing officer—is admissible at trial. In re
Ward, 264 S.W.3d 119, 120-21 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.). Thus, the trial court
does not review the appeals panel decision for “reasonableness,” but rather independently decides
the issues by a preponderance of the evidence. Garcia, 893 S.W.2d at 531.
We review the trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment de novo. Valance
Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005). In a traditional motion for summary
judgment, the movant has the burden of showing that no genuine issue of material fact exists as to
any element of its claim and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Tex. R. Civ. P.
166a(c); TX Far W., Ltd. v. Texas Invs. Mgmt., Inc., 127 S.W.3d 295, 301 (Tex. App.—Austin 2004,
no pet.) (citing Nixon v. Mr. Prop. Mgmt. Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548-49 (Tex. 1985)). If the
movant’s motion and summary-judgment proof facially establish the right to judgment as a matter
of law, the burden shifts to the non-movant to raise a material fact issue sufficient to defeat summary
judgment. Centeq Realty, Inc. v. Siegler, 899 S.W.2d 195, 197 (Tex. 1995); Holmstrom v. Lee,
26 S.W.3d 526, 530 (Tex. App.—Austin 2000, no pet.). We take as true all evidence favorable to
the non-movant and indulge every reasonable inference and resolve any doubts in the non-movant’s
favor. TX Far W., Ltd., 127 S.W.3d at 301.
(ii) Waiver of Medical Dispute Resolution
We begin by addressing Crain’s assertion that summary judgment was improper
because the evidence raised questions of fact regarding Hartford’s claim that Crain, by failing to file
an MDR request within forty-five days of Hartford’s denial of reconsideration, had waived his right
to administrative review of Hartford’s preauthorization denial. Before addressing Crain’s
contention, however, we will first review the Division’s preauthorization procedures.
When presented with a request for preauthorization, the carrier must review the
request and, based on reasonable medical necessity, either deny or approve the request in writing.
See Former 28 Tex. Admin. Code Ann. § 134.600(f). If the carrier denies the request, the health care
provider or injured worker “may request reconsideration of the denied health care” within fifteen
working days of the receipt of the written denial. Id. § 134.600(g). The carrier has five working
days to respond to a request for reconsideration. Id. If the carrier denies reconsideration of the
preauthorization request, the health care provider or injured worker may appeal the denial to the
Division by requesting MDR by an IRO within forty-five days of the carrier’s denial of
reconsideration. Former 28 Tex. Admin. Code § 133.308(e)(2).
Failure by an injured worker or
his health care provider to timely request review of the carrier’s denial “waives the right to
independent review or medical dispute resolution.” Id. § 133.308(e). The effect of waiver under this
provision is that the carrier is not liable for the cost of the requested procedure. See Division Appeal
No. 050557, 2005 WL 1541172, at *3 (May 2, 2005); Division Appeal No. 042926-s, 2005 WL
864851, at *3 (January 4, 2005).
In its motion for summary judgment, Hartford asserted that the evidence attached to
its motion conclusively proved that Crain had waived his right to administrative review of Hartford’s
denial of his request for reconsideration by failing to file a request for MDR within forty-five days
of Hartford’s denial of reconsideration. As a result of this waiver, Hartford argued that it was
entitled to judgment that it was not liable for the costs of Crain’s spinal surgery as a matter of law.
Specifically, Hartford asserted that the evidence attached to its motion—including the
preauthorization requests, Hartford’s denials of those requests, doctors’ notes, and the hearing
officer’s findings and conclusions—established that (1) Dr. Youngblood submitted a request for
preauthorization on October 3, 2003, (2) Hartford denied that request on October 9, 2003,
(3) Dr. Youngblood submitted the identical preauthorization request on October 31, 2003,
(4) Hartford denied that request on November 11, 2003, and (5) Crain did not request an MDR until
June 2004. Hartford argued that, based on Division rules regarding preauthorization and MDR
requests, Dr. Youngblood’s October 31, 2003 request was a request for reconsideration of the
October 3 request and, therefore, Crain waived his right to appeal Hartford’s denial of that request
for reconsideration when he failed to request MDR within forty-five days of Hartford’s November
11, 2003 denial of that request for reconsideration.
Crain did not dispute Hartford’s evidence—i.e., that Dr. Youngblood made the
various requests on the dates indicated, that Hartford denied those requests on the dates indicated,
or that he did not request an MDR until June 2004. Instead, Crain argued that Hartford’s evidence
raised a question of fact regarding waiver and regarding the characterization of Dr. Youngblood’s
requests and Hartford’s responses to those requests. Specifically, Crain asserted that (1) the hearing
officer’s finding that Crain had not waived his right to MDR raised a question of fact as to waiver,
(2) Dr. Youngblood “withdrew” the October 31, 2003 request for preauthorization, (3) the
January 2, 2004 request was not a request for reconsideration of Dr. Youngblood’s previous request
for preauthorization, but was a new preauthorization request because Dr. Youngblood had withdrawn
the previous request; (4) Hartford failed to present evidence that it sent written denials of
the preauthorization requests in compliance with Division rules, and (5) Dr. Youngblood’s
May 21, 2004 request was not a request for reconsideration of a previous preauthorization request,
but was a new request and, therefore, was subject to the newly amended Division rule 134.600.
Crain did not attach any evidence to support his response to Hartford’s motion, but instead relied on
Hartford’s summary-judgment evidence.
On appeal, Crain argues that because his characterization of some of the
preauthorization requests—i.e., as either reconsideration requests or “new” requests for
preauthorization—differs from Hartford’s characterization, there is necessarily a question of fact as
to which characterization is correct. We disagree. The characterization of those requests is a
question of law that we decide de novo by applying the relevant statutes and rules to the facts
established by those requests to determine their legal effect. See State v. Shumake, 199 S.W.3d 279,
284 (Tex. 2006) (explaining that statutory interpretation is a question of law).
The preauthorization requests established the following undisputed facts: (1) the date
each request was made, (2) the identity of the parties involved with each request, (3) the diagnosis
on which each request was based, and (4) the medical procedure for which preauthorization was
sought. Further, other summary-judgment evidence shows that Hartford denied both of the October
requests and that Crain did not seek MDR until June 2004. To determine the characterization and
effect of Dr. Youngblood’s requests for preauthorization, we must analyze and interpret former
Division rules 134.600 and 133.308. We construe administrative rules in the same manner as
statutes since they have the force and effect of statutes. Rodriguez v. Service Lloyds Ins. Co.,
997 S.W.2d 248, 254 (Tex. 1999). The text of rules, like statutes, is the first and foremost means
of achieving our primary objective: ascertaining and giving effect to the intent of the body that
enacted them. Shumake, 199 S.W.3d at 284. We must read the rule as a whole and not just in
isolated portions, giving meaning to language consistent with its other provisions. See Texas Dep’t
of Transp. v. City of Sunset Valley, 146 S.W.3d 637, 642 (Tex. 2004). We rely on the plain meaning
of the text, unless a different meaning is supplied by legislative definition or is apparent from
context, or unless such a construction leads to absurd results. City of Rockwall v. Hughes,
246 S.W.3d 621, 625-26 (Tex. 2008); see Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 311.011 (West 2005) (“Words
and phrases shall be read in context and construed according to the rules of grammar and common
usage.”). We must presume that the entire enactment was intended to be effective. Lexington Ins.
Co. v. Strayhorn, 209 S.W.3d 83, 86 (Tex. 2006).
Former Division rule 134.600(g) provides that “[i]f the [carrier’s] response is a denial
of preauthorization the [health care provider or injured worker] may request reconsideration of the
denied health care,” and the carrier “shall respond to the requests for reconsideration” within five
working days. Former 28 Tex. Admin. Code § 134.600(g). Former Division rule 133.308(e)
provides that a request for MDR “shall be considered timely if it is filed with the division no later
than the forty-fifth day after the date the carrier denied approval of the party’s request for
reconsideration of denial of healthcare that requires preauthorization.” Former 28 Tex. Admin. Code
§ 133.308(e). Neither “reconsideration” nor “request for reconsideration” are defined in the rules,
however, the verb “reconsider” means “to consider again” or “to think over, discuss, or debate
esp[ecially] with a view to changing or reversing.” Webster’s Third New Int’l Dictionary 1897
(2002). The rules do not require that a preauthorization request or a reconsideration request be
labeled as such, but it must be documented. See Former 28 Tex. Admin. Code § 134.600(g)(1).
Thus, the plain meaning of a “request for reconsideration” under the Division’s rules is a document
from a health care provider or injured worker asking an insurance carrier to think over or consider
again a previous request for preauthorization, with a view to changing the denial to an approval.
According to the summary-judgment documents submitted in support of Hartford’s
motion, Dr. Youngblood’s first request for preauthorization to Hartford, which was sent on
October 3, 2003, is identified as a “Surgery Auth” and includes the following information related
to diagnosis and procedure:
Diagnosis: Lumbar HNP left L3-4; lum-spinal stenosis; lumbar disc protrusion L2-5
& DDD
Estimated Diagnosis ICD-9 Codes: 722.10, 724.02, 722.52.
Procedure: L2-S1 Decompressive Lumbar Laminectomy foraminotomy
posterolateral fusion with Steffee pedicle screws iliac crest bone graft, posterior
lateral interbody fusion with Brantigan cages & Dynagraft
Estimated Procedure CPT Codes: 63047, 63048, 22612, 22614X3, 22842, 20937,
22630, 22632X3, 22851X4, 20937
Hartford denied this request on October 9, 2003. Dr. Youngblood’s next request, which was
dated October 31, 2003, is also entitled “Surgery Auth” and appears to be a photocopy of the
October 3, 2003 request, although the date was changed and some handwritten notations were added.
Regardless, however, the diagnosis, estimated diagnosis codes, procedure, and estimated procedure
codes on this request are identical to the October 3, 2003 request. Hartford denied this request on
November 6, 2003.
It is undisputed that Dr. Youngblood made one diagnosis and requested a specific
procedure on October 3, 2003. After that request was denied, Dr. Youngblood made the identical
diagnosis and requested the identical procedure again on October 31, 2003. Based on the plain
meaning of the Division’s rules, a request for preauthorization that includes the identical diagnosis,
diagnosis codes, procedure, and procedure codes as a previously denied request for the same patient
and by the same doctor is a request to reconsider the previously denied request for preauthorization.
This conclusion is supported by the provision in the rules allowing for resubmission of
preauthorization requests only in the event of a substantial change in the employee’s medical
condition. See Former 28 Tex. Admin. Code § 134.600(g)(4); see also 29 Tex. Reg. 2349, 2350
(2004) (explaining intent of Division in promulgating section 134.600(g) was to prevent
resubmissions of identical requests). Accordingly, we hold that Dr. Youngblood’s October 31, 2003
request for preauthorization was a “request for reconsideration” under former rules 134.600(g)
and 133.308(e). Therefore, because neither Crain nor his health care provider requested MDR within
forty-five days of Hartford’s denial of the request for reconsideration, Crain waived his right to
administrative review and Hartford is not liable for the costs of his spinal surgery. See Former 28
Tex. Admin. Code § 133.308(e)(2); Division Appeal No. 050557 at *3.
The remaining requests for preauthorization from Dr. Youngblood that were attached
to Hartford’s motion—i.e., the January 2, 2004, May 21, 2004, and June 11, 2004 requests—also
include the identical diagnosis, diagnosis codes, procedure, and procedure codes as the
October 3, 2003 request. Accordingly, they too are requests for reconsideration of the
October 3, 2003 request. As such, Crain waived administrative review of these requests by failing
to timely request MDR.
Crain also argues on appeal that the hearing officer’s determination that Crain did not
waive his right to MDR created a fact issue precluding summary judgment on Hartford’s waiver
claim. We disagree. Evidence of the hearing officer’s findings is not evidence that Crain waived
or did not waive his right to MDR. It is merely evidence of what the hearing officer decided based
on the evidence presented to him at the administrative hearing. A trial court in a modified de novo
review of a hearing officer’s decision may be presented with additional or different evidence than
that reviewed by the hearing officer, see In re Ward, 264 S.W.3d at 120-21, and must decide
summary judgment based on the evidence before it, see Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c).
Crain also argues that Dr. Youngblood’s January 2, 2004 request should be
considered a “new” request because Dr. Youngblood had “withdrawn” his October 31, 2003
preauthorization request. The basis for this contention appears to be the hearing officer’s finding
of fact on that issue. But again, those findings are only evidence of the hearing officer’s findings;
they are not evidence that Dr. Youngblood withdrew his October 31, 2003 request for
preauthorization. In contrast, the summary-judgment evidence submitted by Hartford established
that Dr. Youngblood made each of the identical preauthorization requests on the dates indicated.
Thus, the burden shifted to Crain to raise a fact issue regarding whether Dr. Youngblood
subsequently withdrew one of the requests. See Casso v. Brand, 776 S.W.2d 551, 556 (Tex. 1989).
Here, Crain presented no evidence that Dr. Youngblood amended or withdrew his October 31, 2003
request. Instead, Crain relied on Hartford’s evidence, which does not show that Dr. Youngblood
withdrew any of his requests. Thus, Crain failed to raise a question of fact on this issue.
Crain also argues that the trial court applied the incorrect version of Division
rule 134.600. Specifically, Crain asserts that the 2004 amendments to rule 134.600 allowed
Dr. Youngblood to file a “new” request for preauthorization after those amendments went into effect
on March 15, 2004 without regard to his previous requests. We take Crain’s argument to be that the
amendments to rule 134.600, in effect, “wiped the slate clean” with regard to previously filed
preauthorization requests, and thus, according to Crain, his May 21, 2004 request was a “new”
preauthorization request governed by the amended rule. We disagree.
The amended rule provides that “[r]equests for preauthorization submitted prior to
March 15, 2004 shall be subject to the rule in effect at the time the request was submitted.” 28 Tex.
Admin. Code § 134.600(n) (2004), amended by 31 Tex. Reg. 3566 (2006). The May 21, 2004
request was a request for reconsideration of the October 3, 2003 request. It is not an original request
for preauthorization. Thus, it relates back to the original request for preauthorization, which was
filed prior to March 15, 2004. Therefore, the May 21, 2004 request is subject to the prior rule.
(iv) Issues Presented to the Trial Court
Crain’s remaining challenges to the trial court’s summary judgment are that (1) the
TWCA prohibits a trial court from enforcing a Division rule that limits or terminates an injured
worker’s right to lifetime medical benefits, and (2) the TWCA does not allow a health care provider
to waive an injured worker’s right to lifetime medical care. Neither of these two issues was
presented to the trial court in response to Hartford’s motion for summary judgment. Accordingly,
we cannot consider them as grounds for reversal on appeal. Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c) (“Issues not
expressly presented to the trial court by written motion, answer or other response shall not be
considered on appeal as grounds for reversal.”).
We overrule Crain’s issues challenging the trial court’s grant of summary judgment
in favor of Hartford.
Dismissal for Lack of Jurisdiction
Crain’s remaining issues on appeal challenge the trial court’s dismissal for lack of
subject-matter jurisdiction of Crain’s claims for declaratory relief. We take Crain’s specific
argument to be that the trial court had subject-matter jurisdiction over his declaratory-judgment
actions because his pleadings assert the existence of a justiciable controversy that will be resolved
by the judicial declarations he seeks.
Whether a court has subject-matter jurisdiction and whether a party has affirmatively
demonstrated subject-matter jurisdiction are questions of law that we review de novo. Texas Dep’t
of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 226 (Tex. 2004). In order for a court to have
jurisdiction to consider a declaratory-judgment action there must be a “justiciable controversy as to
the rights and status of the parties,” and the judicial declaration sought must actually resolve the
controversy. Brooks v. Northglen Ass’n, 141 S.W.3d 158, 163-64 (Tex. 2004). “A justiciable
controversy is one in which a real and substantial controversy exists involving a genuine conflict of
tangible interests and not merely a theoretical dispute.” Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. Moore,
985 S.W.2d 149, 153 (Tex. App.—Austin 1998, no pet.); see also City of Euless v. Dallas/Fort
Worth Int’l Airport Bd., 936 S.W.2d 699, 703 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1996, writ denied). The trial court
may not grant declaratory relief unless the judgment will determine the controversy between the
parties; otherwise, the court’s judgment will constitute no more than an impermissible advisory
opinion. Martin v. Dosohs I Ltd., Inc., 2 S.W.3d 350, 353 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1999, pet.
denied); Southwest Airlines Co. v. Texas High-Speed Rail Auth., 863 S.W.2d 123, 125 (Tex.
App.—Austin 1993, writ denied).
In his pleadings to the trial court, Crain asserted that he was entitled to declaratory
relief because (1) section 410.301 of the labor code (providing modified de novo review) applied to
this case and not section 410.255 (providing review under substantial evidence standard),
(2) amended Division rule 134.600, effective as of March 15, 2004, governed Crain’s May 2004
preauthorization request and not the prior version of that rule, and (3) Division rule 134.600, both
on its face and as applied by the trial court in Hartford’s motion for summary judgment, violates the
TWCA and the Texas and U.S. Constitutions by permitting an injured worker to waive his rights
under the TWCA by failing to meet certain filing deadlines. As relief for these claims, Crain asked
the trial court to declare (1) that this case “is governed by judicial review under . . . Section
410.301 . . . of the Texas Labor Code and not Section 410.155,” (2) which version of rule 134.600
applies to this case, and (3) that the Division rules requiring that a request for MDR be filed within
fifteen days of a denial of preauthorization—i.e., Former 28 Tex. Admin. Code §§ 134.600(g),
133.308(e)—violate the TWCA and the Texas and U.S. Constitutions because they can result in
waiver of workers’ compensation benefits.
We first address Crain’s request for declaratory relief regarding labor code
section 410.301. Presumably, the justiciable controversy here is a dispute about which section of
the labor code applies to Hartford’s suit for judicial review. As Crain acknowledged in his brief to
this court, however, Hartford agreed that section 410.301’s standard of review applied to this case.
Thus, there was no conflict. Without a conflict, there was no justiciable controversy. See Brooks,
141 S.W.3d at 164. Accordingly, the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over Crain’s
request for declaratory relief as to the application of labor code section 410.301. Id.
Crain’s remaining requests for declaratory judgment involve the applicability and
validity of former Division rules 134.600(g) and 133.308(e) and the Division’s authority to
promulgate those rules. Crain contends that these rules are invalid because they allow—in
contravention of the TWCA’s guarantee of lifetime medical benefits—an injured worker to waive
his right to lifetime medical benefits by failing to meet the rule’s filing deadlines for MDR requests.
Crain asserts that the justiciable controversy here is the “waiver of his rights to medical benefits in
the nature of spinal surgery.” Crain has already had the requested spinal surgery and, because the
surgery was performed pursuant to the Division’s interlocutory order that he was entitled to the
surgery, Crain is not responsible for reimbursement. See Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 410.209; Wolford,
263 S.W.3d at 17. Thus, any controversy regarding Crain’s request for spinal surgery is no longer
live, and is, therefore, not justiciable. See Brooks, 141 S.W.3d at 164.
Further, even assuming that a dispute involving his right to spinal surgery remains,
the justiciable controversy here—i.e., whether the TWCA allows for waiver—was an element of
Hartford’s claim that Crain waived his right to MDR, which it alleged in its petition for judicial
review of the appeals panel decision in favor of Crain. Thus, Crain should have asserted any
defenses to Hartford’s waiver claim, including that the TWCA prohibits waiver, as affirmative
defenses or in response to Hartford’s motion for summary judgment, but not as ancillary claims for
declaratory relief. See BHP Petroleum Co., Inc. v. Millard, 800 S.W.2d 838, 841 (Tex. 1990)
(UDJA not available to settle issues already pending before the court); see also Charlie Thomas
Ford, Inc. v. A.C. Collins Ford, Inc., 912 S.W.2d 271, 275 (Tex. App.—Austin 1995, writ dism’d
as moot) (“The purpose of [declaratory judgment] . . . ‘is to obtain a final declaration of a rule’s
validity before the rule is applied.’”) (quoting Rutherford Oil Corp. v. General Land Office,
776 S.W.2d 232, 235 (Tex. App.—Austin 1989, no writ)). Finally, any existing controversy
regarding Crain’s waiver ceased to exist when the trial court, in rendering summary judgment for
Hartford, found that Crain had waived his right to seek administrative review by failing to timely
request MDR. Similarly, any controversy regarding the Division’s interpretation of the TWCA and
its application of the waiver rule likewise ceased to exist for the parties here when the trial court
granted summary judgment on the waiver issue. See Vista Health Plan, Inc. v. Texas Health and
Human Servs. Comm’n, No. 03-03-00216-CV, 2004 WL 1114551, at *6-8 (Tex. App.—Austin
May 20, 2004, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (trial court’s summary judgment eliminated controversy
remedied by requested declaratory judgment). Accordingly, the trial court correctly dismissed
Crain’s declaratory-judgment claims for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. We overrule Crain’s
issues that challenge the trial court’s dismissal of his declaratory-judgment claims for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
CONCLUSION
Having determined that summary judgment was appropriate and that the trial court
lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over Crain’s claims for declaratory relief, we affirm the judgment
of the trial court.
__________________________________________
David Puryear, Justice
Before Justices Patterson, Puryear and Henson
Affirmed
Filed: November 18, 2010