This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-0894
John Christian Richmond, petitioner, Appellant,
vs.
State of Minnesota, Respondent.
Filed March 14, 2016 Affirmed Hooten, Judge
Hennepin County District Court File No. 27-CR-11-18537
John Christian Richmond, Moose Lake, Minnesota (pro se appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Michael O. Freeman, Hennepin County Attorney, Linda M. Freyer, Assistant County Attorney, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Rodenberg, Presiding Judge; Larkin, Judge; and Hooten,
Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
HOOTEN, Judge
Appellant challenges the postconviction court’s summary denial of his motion for
postconviction relief, arguing that he was entitled to an evidentiary hearing on his claim
that he was denied effective assistance of counsel. We affirm. FACTS
In June 2011, appellant John Christian Richmond was charged with two counts of
first-degree aggravated robbery. Richmond was appointed a public defender, but fired her
and hired a private attorney before trial. Following a jury trial, Richmond was found guilty
of both counts. Represented by a third attorney, Richmond appealed, and this court
affirmed his convictions on May 13, 2013. State v. Richmond, No. A12-0899, 2013 WL
1942995 (Minn. App. May 13, 2013), review denied (Minn. July 16, 2013). On November
13, 2014, Richmond filed a pro se petition for postconviction relief, and the postconviction
court dismissed the petition without holding an evidentiary hearing. This appeal followed.
DECISION
Absent an abuse of discretion, a postconviction court’s decision will not be
disturbed. Wayne v. State, 860 N.W.2d 702, 704 (Minn. 2015). Appellate courts “review
a postconviction court’s legal conclusions de novo,” but “will not reverse the court’s
factual findings unless they are clearly erroneous.” Andersen v. State, 830 N.W.2d 1, 6
(Minn. 2013).
A person convicted of a crime who claims that his conviction violated his rights
may file a petition for postconviction relief under Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 1 (2014). A
postconviction court is required to hold an evidentiary hearing “[u]nless the petition and
the files and records of the proceeding conclusively show that the petitioner is entitled to
no relief.” Minn. Stat. § 590.04, subd. 1 (2014). “To warrant an evidentiary hearing a
petitioner’s postconviction allegations must be more than argumentative assertions without
factual support.” King v. State, 649 N.W.2d 149, 158 (Minn. 2002) (quotation omitted).
2 Richmond argues that the district court erred by denying his petition for
postconviction relief without ordering an evidentiary hearing on his claims that all three of
his attorneys provided ineffective assistance of counsel. To show ineffective assistance of
counsel, a “defendant must affirmatively prove that his counsel’s representation ‘fell below
an objective standard of reasonableness’ and ‘that there is a reasonable probability that, but
for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.’” Gates v. State, 398 N.W.2d 558, 561 (Minn. 1987) (quoting Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2068 (1984)).
Ineffective Assistance of Court-Appointed Trial Counsel
Although Richmond argued in his postconviction petition that his court-appointed
trial counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel, he claims for the first time on
appeal that she did so by failing to apprise him of the state’s plea offer and by failing to
negotiate a better plea with the state. “It is well settled that a party may not raise issues for
the first time on appeal from denial of postconviction relief.” Azure v. State, 700 N.W.2d
443, 447 (Minn. 2005) (quotation omitted). Therefore, these claims are not properly before
this court.
Richmond also argues that his court-appointed counsel provided ineffective
assistance of counsel because she took actions that deprived him of his right to a speedy
trial. “[W]here direct appeal has once been taken, all matters raised therein, and all claims
known but not raised, will not be considered upon a subsequent petition for postconviction
relief.” State v. Knaffla, 309 Minn. 246, 252, 43 N.W.2d 737, 741 (1976). While
Richmond failed to raise this claim at the time of his direct appeal, he contends that the
3 claim is not Knaffla-barred because it requires additional fact-finding. See Andersen, 830
N.W.2d at 10 (stating that an ineffective assistance of counsel claim “is not Knaffla-barred
when the claim requires examination of evidence outside the trial record or additional fact-
finding by the postconviction court, because the claim is not based solely on the briefs and
trial court transcript”). Richmond argues that it is impossible to ascertain his court-
appointed counsel’s rationale for waiving his initial speedy trial demand without an
evidentiary hearing, but we conclude, as the postconviction court did, that “the record
suggests [Richmond’s court-appointed counsel] did consult with her client about delaying
the trial” and sought a continuance in order to have “more time to address pretrial
suppression issues and have all proceedings in front of the same judge.” Because no further
fact-finding is needed on this issue, this claim is Knaffla-barred.
Ineffective Assistance of Private Trial Counsel
Richmond argues that his private trial counsel provided ineffective assistance of
counsel, pointing out numerous instances of allegedly deficient performance. Although
these claims could have been brought at the time of his direct appeal, Richmond argues
that these claims are not barred by Knaffla because additional fact-finding is needed.
Richmond’s claim that private counsel did not inform him of the plea offer that was
put on the record at a July 26, 2011 court hearing does not warrant an evidentiary hearing
because Richmond was present with court-appointed counsel at the hearing. Likewise,
Richmond’s complaint that private counsel did not favor plea deals and did not negotiate a
more favorable plea deal does not warrant an evidentiary hearing because he cites no law
requiring an attorney to negotiate a particular plea deal for a client. See State v. Wembley,
4 712 N.W.2d 783, 795 (Minn. App. 2006) (“An assignment of error in a brief based on mere
assertion and not supported by argument or authority is waived unless prejudicial error is
obvious on mere inspection.” (quotation omitted)), aff’d, 728 N.W.2d 243 (Minn. 2007).
Richmond complains that his attorney told him, “I don’t see how we can lose this
case,” and then lost the case, but does not allege that the opinion of his private counsel was
based on a misunderstanding of the law. See Leake v.
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-0894
John Christian Richmond, petitioner, Appellant,
vs.
State of Minnesota, Respondent.
Filed March 14, 2016 Affirmed Hooten, Judge
Hennepin County District Court File No. 27-CR-11-18537
John Christian Richmond, Moose Lake, Minnesota (pro se appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Michael O. Freeman, Hennepin County Attorney, Linda M. Freyer, Assistant County Attorney, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Rodenberg, Presiding Judge; Larkin, Judge; and Hooten,
Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
HOOTEN, Judge
Appellant challenges the postconviction court’s summary denial of his motion for
postconviction relief, arguing that he was entitled to an evidentiary hearing on his claim
that he was denied effective assistance of counsel. We affirm. FACTS
In June 2011, appellant John Christian Richmond was charged with two counts of
first-degree aggravated robbery. Richmond was appointed a public defender, but fired her
and hired a private attorney before trial. Following a jury trial, Richmond was found guilty
of both counts. Represented by a third attorney, Richmond appealed, and this court
affirmed his convictions on May 13, 2013. State v. Richmond, No. A12-0899, 2013 WL
1942995 (Minn. App. May 13, 2013), review denied (Minn. July 16, 2013). On November
13, 2014, Richmond filed a pro se petition for postconviction relief, and the postconviction
court dismissed the petition without holding an evidentiary hearing. This appeal followed.
DECISION
Absent an abuse of discretion, a postconviction court’s decision will not be
disturbed. Wayne v. State, 860 N.W.2d 702, 704 (Minn. 2015). Appellate courts “review
a postconviction court’s legal conclusions de novo,” but “will not reverse the court’s
factual findings unless they are clearly erroneous.” Andersen v. State, 830 N.W.2d 1, 6
(Minn. 2013).
A person convicted of a crime who claims that his conviction violated his rights
may file a petition for postconviction relief under Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 1 (2014). A
postconviction court is required to hold an evidentiary hearing “[u]nless the petition and
the files and records of the proceeding conclusively show that the petitioner is entitled to
no relief.” Minn. Stat. § 590.04, subd. 1 (2014). “To warrant an evidentiary hearing a
petitioner’s postconviction allegations must be more than argumentative assertions without
factual support.” King v. State, 649 N.W.2d 149, 158 (Minn. 2002) (quotation omitted).
2 Richmond argues that the district court erred by denying his petition for
postconviction relief without ordering an evidentiary hearing on his claims that all three of
his attorneys provided ineffective assistance of counsel. To show ineffective assistance of
counsel, a “defendant must affirmatively prove that his counsel’s representation ‘fell below
an objective standard of reasonableness’ and ‘that there is a reasonable probability that, but
for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.’” Gates v. State, 398 N.W.2d 558, 561 (Minn. 1987) (quoting Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2068 (1984)).
Ineffective Assistance of Court-Appointed Trial Counsel
Although Richmond argued in his postconviction petition that his court-appointed
trial counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel, he claims for the first time on
appeal that she did so by failing to apprise him of the state’s plea offer and by failing to
negotiate a better plea with the state. “It is well settled that a party may not raise issues for
the first time on appeal from denial of postconviction relief.” Azure v. State, 700 N.W.2d
443, 447 (Minn. 2005) (quotation omitted). Therefore, these claims are not properly before
this court.
Richmond also argues that his court-appointed counsel provided ineffective
assistance of counsel because she took actions that deprived him of his right to a speedy
trial. “[W]here direct appeal has once been taken, all matters raised therein, and all claims
known but not raised, will not be considered upon a subsequent petition for postconviction
relief.” State v. Knaffla, 309 Minn. 246, 252, 43 N.W.2d 737, 741 (1976). While
Richmond failed to raise this claim at the time of his direct appeal, he contends that the
3 claim is not Knaffla-barred because it requires additional fact-finding. See Andersen, 830
N.W.2d at 10 (stating that an ineffective assistance of counsel claim “is not Knaffla-barred
when the claim requires examination of evidence outside the trial record or additional fact-
finding by the postconviction court, because the claim is not based solely on the briefs and
trial court transcript”). Richmond argues that it is impossible to ascertain his court-
appointed counsel’s rationale for waiving his initial speedy trial demand without an
evidentiary hearing, but we conclude, as the postconviction court did, that “the record
suggests [Richmond’s court-appointed counsel] did consult with her client about delaying
the trial” and sought a continuance in order to have “more time to address pretrial
suppression issues and have all proceedings in front of the same judge.” Because no further
fact-finding is needed on this issue, this claim is Knaffla-barred.
Ineffective Assistance of Private Trial Counsel
Richmond argues that his private trial counsel provided ineffective assistance of
counsel, pointing out numerous instances of allegedly deficient performance. Although
these claims could have been brought at the time of his direct appeal, Richmond argues
that these claims are not barred by Knaffla because additional fact-finding is needed.
Richmond’s claim that private counsel did not inform him of the plea offer that was
put on the record at a July 26, 2011 court hearing does not warrant an evidentiary hearing
because Richmond was present with court-appointed counsel at the hearing. Likewise,
Richmond’s complaint that private counsel did not favor plea deals and did not negotiate a
more favorable plea deal does not warrant an evidentiary hearing because he cites no law
requiring an attorney to negotiate a particular plea deal for a client. See State v. Wembley,
4 712 N.W.2d 783, 795 (Minn. App. 2006) (“An assignment of error in a brief based on mere
assertion and not supported by argument or authority is waived unless prejudicial error is
obvious on mere inspection.” (quotation omitted)), aff’d, 728 N.W.2d 243 (Minn. 2007).
Richmond complains that his attorney told him, “I don’t see how we can lose this
case,” and then lost the case, but does not allege that the opinion of his private counsel was
based on a misunderstanding of the law. See Leake v. State, 737 N.W.2d 531, 540–41
(Minn. 2007) (concluding that a hearing was necessary to determine whether defense
counsel’s representation was objectively unreasonable where he misstated defendant’s
potential sentence if convicted). Because Richmond cites no law stating that an attorney
provides ineffective assistance of counsel by providing an opinion about the likely outcome
of the trial that ultimately proves to be incorrect, this claim does not merit an evidentiary
hearing. See Wembley, 712 N.W.2d at 795.
Richmond argues that his private counsel misinformed him regarding the sentence
that could be imposed if he were convicted, but makes no specific allegations of how his
counsel misinformed him. Because Richmond’s argument is merely an “argumentative
assertion[] without factual support,” it does not warrant an evidentiary hearing. King, 649
N.W.2d at 158 (quotation omitted).
Finally, Richmond argues that his private counsel did not adequately investigate the
case and prepare for trial. Richmond does not assert what his counsel did incorrectly, what
should have been done, or how the result would have been any different but for any errors
his private counsel allegedly committed. Moreover, the record reveals evidence of a
vigorous representation by Richmond’s private counsel during trial. Because Richmond
5 has not alleged facts that would entitle him to relief, this claim does not warrant an
evidentiary hearing.
As Richmond has not shown the need for additional fact-finding with regard to any
of his claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel, the district court did not abuse its
discretion by concluding that they are procedurally barred under Knaffla.
Ineffective Assistance of Appellate Counsel
Richmond argues that the district court erred by denying his postconviction claim
of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. Richmond argues that appellate counsel
provided ineffective assistance of counsel by not arguing on direct appeal that trial counsel
provided ineffective assistance. In his postconviction petition, however, Richmond did not
argue that appellate counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel by failing to argue
that trial counsel provided ineffective assistance. Therefore, this claim is not properly
before this court. Azure, 700 N.W.2d at 447.
In sum, the postconviction court did not abuse its discretion by summarily denying
Richmond’s petition for postconviction relief.
Affirmed.