MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be Jan 26 2016, 5:53 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Laura Paul Gregory F. Zoeller Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Chandra K. Hein Deputy Attorney General of Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
John A. Thompson, January 26, 2016 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 84A01-1508-CR-1294 v. Appeal from the Vigo Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable John T. Roach, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 84D01-1409-FA-2419
Bradford, Judge.
Case Summary Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 84A01-1508-CR-1294 | January 26, 2016 Page 1 of 6 [1] On July 28, 2015, Appellant-Defendant John A. Thompson pled guilty to one
count of Class A felony child molesting. In exchange for Thompson’s guilty
plea, Appellee-Plaintiff the State of Indiana (the “State”) agreed to dismiss ten
charges, including nine other felony child molesting or attempted child
molesting charges, and to cap Thompson’s sentence at no more than a term of
thirty-five years. The trial court accepted Thompson’s guilty plea and
sentenced Thompson to a term of thirty years.
[2] On appeal, Thompson challenges his sentence, arguing that the trial court
abused its discretion in sentencing him. Specifically, Thompson argues that the
trial court abused its discretion by considering an inappropriate aggravating
factor. Finding no abuse of discretion by the trial court, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] The factual basis entered during the July 28, 2015 guilty plea hearing provides
that between May 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014, Thompson, who was at least
twenty-one years old, “did then and there knowingly or intentionally perform
or submit to deviate sexual conduct, to-wit: An act involving the sex organ of
one person and the mouth or anus of another person” with his step-daughter,
J.M., “a person under fourteen (14) years of age, to-wit: Ages nine to ten, in
violation of the Indiana Code.” Tr. p. 8.
[4] On September 11, 2014, the State charged Thompson with three counts of Class
A felony child molesting, one count of Class C felony child molesting, three
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 84A01-1508-CR-1294 | January 26, 2016 Page 2 of 6 counts of Level 1 felony child molesting, one count of Level 1 felony attempted
child molesting, two counts of Level 4 felony child molesting, and one count of
Class B misdemeanor false informing. On July 28, 2015, Thompson pled guilty
to one count of Class A felony child molesting. In exchange for Thompson’s
guilty plea, the State agreed to dismiss the remaining charges. The parties also
agreed that Thompson’s sentence would be capped at thirty-five years. The trial
court accepted Thompson’s guilty plea and sentenced him to a term of thirty
years. This appeal follows.
Discussion and Decision [5] Thompson challenges his sentence on appeal, claiming that the trial court
abused its discretion in sentencing him. Sentencing decisions rest within the
sound discretion of the trial court and are reviewed on appeal only for an abuse
of discretion. Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind. 2007), modified on
other grounds on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (Ind. 2007). “An abuse of discretion
occurs if the decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and
circumstances before the court, or the reasonable, probable, and actual
deductions to be drawn therefrom.” Id. (quotation omitted).
One way in which a trial court may abuse its discretion is failing to enter a sentencing statement at all. Other examples include entering a sentencing statement that explains reasons for imposing a sentence—including a finding of aggravating and mitigating factors if any—but the record does not support the reasons, or the sentencing statement omits reasons that are clearly supported by the record and advanced for consideration,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 84A01-1508-CR-1294 | January 26, 2016 Page 3 of 6 or the reasons given are improper as a matter of law. Under those circumstances, remand for resentencing may be the appropriate remedy if we cannot say with confidence that the trial court would have imposed the same sentence had it properly considered reasons that enjoy support in the record.
Id. at 490-91.
[6] In claiming that the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing him,
Thompson argues that the trial court relied on an improper aggravating factor.
Specifically, Thompson asserts that the aggravator in question, that the harm
caused was greater than that necessary to prove the commission of the offense,
was a mere generalized reference to the nature and circumstances of the offense
without any evidence to reflect that J.H. actually suffered greater harm than the
elements necessary to prove the commission of the offense.
[7] [The Indiana Supreme Court] has held that the nature and circumstances of a crime can be a valid aggravating factor. McCann v. State, 749 N.E.2d 1116, 1120 (Ind. 2001). However, a trial court must give more than a generalized reference to the nature and circumstances. Smith v. State, 872 N.E.2d 169, 179 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007), trans. denied. The trial court may assign aggravating weight to the harm, injury, loss or damage suffered by the victim if such harm was significant and greater than the elements necessary to prove the commission of the offense. Filice v. State, 886 N.E.2d 24, 39 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), trans. denied.
Sharkey v. State, 967 N.E.2d 1074, 1078 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012).
[8] In finding that the harm caused was greater than that necessary to prove the
commission of the offense was an aggravating factor, the trial court referenced
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 84A01-1508-CR-1294 | January 26, 2016 Page 4 of 6 the letters submitted to the court from J.H. and J.H.’s mother. In these letters,
J.H.’s mother described the changes that she has observed in J.H. as a result of
Thompson’s abuse. J.H.’s mother described that before the abuse began, J.H.
was a good student who did not get into trouble. However, J.H.’s mother
indicated that after the abuse began, J.H. stopped acting like a child; started
getting into trouble, both at home and at school; engaged in self-destructive
behaviors such as cutting herself, sneaking out, and running away; and even
started menstruating at the young age of nine. J.H.’s mother further indicated
that J.H. has been bullied by both children and adults as a result of the abuse
she suffered.
[9] J.H.’s letter echoed the harm she suffered that was detailed in her mother’s
letter to the trial court. J.H.’s letter also indicated that Thompson threatened to
hurt J.H.’s baby brother if J.H. told her mother of the abuse. While the trial
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be Jan 26 2016, 5:53 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Laura Paul Gregory F. Zoeller Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Chandra K. Hein Deputy Attorney General of Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
John A. Thompson, January 26, 2016 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 84A01-1508-CR-1294 v. Appeal from the Vigo Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable John T. Roach, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 84D01-1409-FA-2419
Bradford, Judge.
Case Summary Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 84A01-1508-CR-1294 | January 26, 2016 Page 1 of 6 [1] On July 28, 2015, Appellant-Defendant John A. Thompson pled guilty to one
count of Class A felony child molesting. In exchange for Thompson’s guilty
plea, Appellee-Plaintiff the State of Indiana (the “State”) agreed to dismiss ten
charges, including nine other felony child molesting or attempted child
molesting charges, and to cap Thompson’s sentence at no more than a term of
thirty-five years. The trial court accepted Thompson’s guilty plea and
sentenced Thompson to a term of thirty years.
[2] On appeal, Thompson challenges his sentence, arguing that the trial court
abused its discretion in sentencing him. Specifically, Thompson argues that the
trial court abused its discretion by considering an inappropriate aggravating
factor. Finding no abuse of discretion by the trial court, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] The factual basis entered during the July 28, 2015 guilty plea hearing provides
that between May 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014, Thompson, who was at least
twenty-one years old, “did then and there knowingly or intentionally perform
or submit to deviate sexual conduct, to-wit: An act involving the sex organ of
one person and the mouth or anus of another person” with his step-daughter,
J.M., “a person under fourteen (14) years of age, to-wit: Ages nine to ten, in
violation of the Indiana Code.” Tr. p. 8.
[4] On September 11, 2014, the State charged Thompson with three counts of Class
A felony child molesting, one count of Class C felony child molesting, three
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 84A01-1508-CR-1294 | January 26, 2016 Page 2 of 6 counts of Level 1 felony child molesting, one count of Level 1 felony attempted
child molesting, two counts of Level 4 felony child molesting, and one count of
Class B misdemeanor false informing. On July 28, 2015, Thompson pled guilty
to one count of Class A felony child molesting. In exchange for Thompson’s
guilty plea, the State agreed to dismiss the remaining charges. The parties also
agreed that Thompson’s sentence would be capped at thirty-five years. The trial
court accepted Thompson’s guilty plea and sentenced him to a term of thirty
years. This appeal follows.
Discussion and Decision [5] Thompson challenges his sentence on appeal, claiming that the trial court
abused its discretion in sentencing him. Sentencing decisions rest within the
sound discretion of the trial court and are reviewed on appeal only for an abuse
of discretion. Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind. 2007), modified on
other grounds on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (Ind. 2007). “An abuse of discretion
occurs if the decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and
circumstances before the court, or the reasonable, probable, and actual
deductions to be drawn therefrom.” Id. (quotation omitted).
One way in which a trial court may abuse its discretion is failing to enter a sentencing statement at all. Other examples include entering a sentencing statement that explains reasons for imposing a sentence—including a finding of aggravating and mitigating factors if any—but the record does not support the reasons, or the sentencing statement omits reasons that are clearly supported by the record and advanced for consideration,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 84A01-1508-CR-1294 | January 26, 2016 Page 3 of 6 or the reasons given are improper as a matter of law. Under those circumstances, remand for resentencing may be the appropriate remedy if we cannot say with confidence that the trial court would have imposed the same sentence had it properly considered reasons that enjoy support in the record.
Id. at 490-91.
[6] In claiming that the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing him,
Thompson argues that the trial court relied on an improper aggravating factor.
Specifically, Thompson asserts that the aggravator in question, that the harm
caused was greater than that necessary to prove the commission of the offense,
was a mere generalized reference to the nature and circumstances of the offense
without any evidence to reflect that J.H. actually suffered greater harm than the
elements necessary to prove the commission of the offense.
[7] [The Indiana Supreme Court] has held that the nature and circumstances of a crime can be a valid aggravating factor. McCann v. State, 749 N.E.2d 1116, 1120 (Ind. 2001). However, a trial court must give more than a generalized reference to the nature and circumstances. Smith v. State, 872 N.E.2d 169, 179 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007), trans. denied. The trial court may assign aggravating weight to the harm, injury, loss or damage suffered by the victim if such harm was significant and greater than the elements necessary to prove the commission of the offense. Filice v. State, 886 N.E.2d 24, 39 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), trans. denied.
Sharkey v. State, 967 N.E.2d 1074, 1078 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012).
[8] In finding that the harm caused was greater than that necessary to prove the
commission of the offense was an aggravating factor, the trial court referenced
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 84A01-1508-CR-1294 | January 26, 2016 Page 4 of 6 the letters submitted to the court from J.H. and J.H.’s mother. In these letters,
J.H.’s mother described the changes that she has observed in J.H. as a result of
Thompson’s abuse. J.H.’s mother described that before the abuse began, J.H.
was a good student who did not get into trouble. However, J.H.’s mother
indicated that after the abuse began, J.H. stopped acting like a child; started
getting into trouble, both at home and at school; engaged in self-destructive
behaviors such as cutting herself, sneaking out, and running away; and even
started menstruating at the young age of nine. J.H.’s mother further indicated
that J.H. has been bullied by both children and adults as a result of the abuse
she suffered.
[9] J.H.’s letter echoed the harm she suffered that was detailed in her mother’s
letter to the trial court. J.H.’s letter also indicated that Thompson threatened to
hurt J.H.’s baby brother if J.H. told her mother of the abuse. While the trial
court’s oral sentencing statement did not explicitly list the harm done to J.H.
that was outlined in the letters submitted by J.H. and her mother, it is clear
from the record that the trial court’s finding was based on these letters. We
conclude that the trial court properly found the fact that J.H. suffered significant
harm that was greater than the elements necessary to prove the commission of
the offense to be an aggravating factor. As such, we further conclude that the
trial court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing Thompson.
[10] Moreover, even if it were improper for the trial court to consider this
aggravating factor, such consideration would be harmless as we can say with
confidence that the trial court would have imposed the same sentence had it
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 84A01-1508-CR-1294 | January 26, 2016 Page 5 of 6 properly considered reasons that enjoyed support in the record. In imposing the
advisory thirty-year sentence, the trial court found three other aggravating
factors: (1) Thompson had a prior criminal history, (2) Thompson had recently
committed a probation violation, and (3) in committing his criminal acts,
Thompson violated a position of trust. Thompson does not challenge any of
these additional aggravating factors on appeal. The trial court also considered
as a mitigating factor that by accepting responsibility for his actions and
pleading guilty, Thompson saved J.H. from having to relive the abuse by
testifying at trial. The trial court noted, however, that Thompson also received
substantial benefit from his decision to accept responsibility and plead guilty, as
the State agreed to dismiss ten other charges, nine of which were felony child
molestation charges.
[11] In light of the unchallenged aggravating and mitigating factors found by the
trial court, we are confident that the trial court would have imposed the same
sentence even if it had not considered the challenged aggravating factor. As
such, we need not remand for re-sentencing. See Edrington v. State, 909 N.E.2d
1093, 1101 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (providing that we need not remand for re-
sentencing when we can say with confidence that the trial court would have
imposed the same sentence even if it had not considered the improper
aggravator).
[12] The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Baker, J., and Pyle, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 84A01-1508-CR-1294 | January 26, 2016 Page 6 of 6