Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing FILED Apr 23 2012, 9:10 am the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
APPELLANT PRO SE: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
JOHN A. HAWKINS GREGORY F. ZOELLER Indiana State Prison Attorney General of Indiana Michigan City, Indiana RICHARD C. WEBSTER Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JOHN A. HAWKINS, ) ) Appellant-Petitioner, ) ) vs. ) No. 49A04-1108-PC-424 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Kurt M. Eisgruber, Judge The Honorable Steven J. Rubick, Magistrate Cause No. 49G01-9708-PC-127418
April 23, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
CRONE, Judge Case Summary
John A. Hawkins, pro se, appeals the trial court’s denial of his petition for post-
conviction relief. Specifically, Hawkins contends that his post-conviction counsel rendered
ineffective assistance such that he was deprived of a procedurally fair post-conviction
hearing. We disagree and affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
On January 12, 1999, a jury found Hawkins guilty of murder. The relevant facts as
recited by our supreme court on direct appeal are as follows:
In the early evening hours of August 21, 1997, Rogshan Love and Steven Webber were walking along 19th and Decker Street in Indianapolis. Driving a green Chevy Caprice, John Hawkins stopped the car, pointed a shotgun out the window, fired the weapon at Love, and drove away. A later autopsy revealed that Love died as a result of multiple shotgun wounds to the neck and chest.
Hawkins was ultimately arrested and charged with Love’s murder. After a trial by jury, he was convicted as charged and later sentenced by the court to the maximum term of sixty-five years imprisonment.
Hawkins v. State, 748 N.E.2d 362, 363 (Ind. 2001). On February 8, 2001, the trial court
granted Hawkins permission to file a belated appeal. Hawkins asserted that the evidence was
insufficient to sustain his conviction and that he should not have received an enhanced
sentence. Id. Our supreme court disagreed with both assertions and affirmed Hawkins’s
conviction on May 24, 2001. Id.
On April 1, 2002, Hawkins filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief that was
subsequently withdrawn on January 3, 2006. Thereafter, on May 20, 2008, Hawkins filed
another pro se petition for post-conviction relief. On January, 6, 2010, attorney Janet G.
2 Mallett entered an appearance on behalf of Hawkins. The post-conviction court held an
evidentiary hearing on March 22, 2011. Mallett appeared and argued ineffective assistance
of appellate counsel due to appellate counsel’s failure to raise ineffective assistance of trial
counsel in the direct appeal. Attorney Mallett also argued the existence of other issues of
fundamental error, including prosecutorial misconduct, denial of the right to confrontation,
and denial of Hawkins’s right to testify in his own behalf. Attorney Mallett called Hawkins
as a witness, and Hawkins testified in support of these allegations of error. Although
Attorney Mallett did not introduce the trial transcript into evidence, the post-conviction court
sua sponte took judicial notice of the record. Attorney Mallett did not present Hawkins’s
trial or appellate counsel as witnesses. The post-conviction court issued its findings of fact,
conclusions of law, and order denying Hawkins’s petition on July 8, 2011. This pro se
appeal followed.
Discussion and Decision
Hawkins appeals the trial court’s denial of his petition for post-conviction relief.
Post-conviction proceedings are civil in nature, and petitioners bear the burden of proving
their grounds for relief by a preponderance of the evidence. Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1(5).
Post-conviction proceedings are not “super appeals” through which convicted persons can
raise issues they failed to raise at trial or on direct appeal. McCary v. State, 761 N.E.2d 389,
391 (Ind. 2002). Rather, post-conviction proceedings afford petitioners a limited opportunity
to raise issues that were unavailable or unknown at trial and on direct appeal. Davidson v.
State, 763 N.E.2d 441, 443 (Ind. 2002), cert. denied (2003).
3 When a petitioner appeals the denial of post-conviction relief, he appeals from a
negative judgment. Ritchie v. State, 875 N.E.2d 706, 714 (Ind. 2007). Accordingly, we may
not reverse the post-conviction court’s judgment unless the petitioner demonstrates that the
evidence as a whole leads unerringly and unmistakably to a decision opposite that reached by
the post-conviction court. Id. We accept the post-conviction court’s findings of fact unless
they are clearly erroneous, but we do not give deference to the post-conviction court’s
conclusions of law. Davidson, 763 N.E.2d at 443-44. On appeal, we may not reweigh the
evidence or reassess the credibility of witnesses. Id. at 444.
Hawkins’s sole assertion on appeal is that his post-conviction counsel provided
ineffective assistance such that he was deprived of a procedurally fair post-conviction
hearing. There is no constitutional right to counsel in post-conviction proceedings under
either the federal or state constitution. Hill v. State, 960 N.E.2d 141, 145 (Ind. 2012).
Therefore, rather than applying the rigorous standard set forth in Strickland v. Washington,
466 U.S. 668 (1984), we instead judge post-conviction counsel by a lesser standard based on
due-course-of-law principles. Id. When evaluating post-conviction counsel, courts inquire
whether “‘counsel in fact appeared and represented the petitioner in a procedurally fair
setting which resulted in a judgment of the court.’” Id. (quoting Baum v. State, 533 N.E.2d
1200, 1201 (Ind. 1989)). Where we determine that a petitioner was denied a procedurally fair
setting for review of the petition, we will remand for new post-conviction proceedings.
Waters v. State, 574 N.E.2d 911, 912 (Ind. 1991).
4 Hawkins relies on several cases in which, despite appearance by counsel in the post-
conviction proceedings, counsel essentially abandoned the petitioner by failing to present
evidence to support his client’s post-conviction claims. In Waters, post-conviction counsel
entered an appearance, but all affidavits in support of the petition were submitted by the
defendant pro se and were technically inadequate. Id. Our supreme court found that, by “not
present[ing] any evidence in support of his client’s claim,” counsel “in essence, abandoned
his client.” Id. This lack of representation by counsel resulted in deprivation of a fair post-
conviction hearing and remand was warranted. Id. Similarly, in Bahm v. State, 789 N.E.2d
50 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), clarified on reh’g, 794 N.E.2d 444, trans.
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Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing FILED Apr 23 2012, 9:10 am the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
APPELLANT PRO SE: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
JOHN A. HAWKINS GREGORY F. ZOELLER Indiana State Prison Attorney General of Indiana Michigan City, Indiana RICHARD C. WEBSTER Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JOHN A. HAWKINS, ) ) Appellant-Petitioner, ) ) vs. ) No. 49A04-1108-PC-424 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Kurt M. Eisgruber, Judge The Honorable Steven J. Rubick, Magistrate Cause No. 49G01-9708-PC-127418
April 23, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
CRONE, Judge Case Summary
John A. Hawkins, pro se, appeals the trial court’s denial of his petition for post-
conviction relief. Specifically, Hawkins contends that his post-conviction counsel rendered
ineffective assistance such that he was deprived of a procedurally fair post-conviction
hearing. We disagree and affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
On January 12, 1999, a jury found Hawkins guilty of murder. The relevant facts as
recited by our supreme court on direct appeal are as follows:
In the early evening hours of August 21, 1997, Rogshan Love and Steven Webber were walking along 19th and Decker Street in Indianapolis. Driving a green Chevy Caprice, John Hawkins stopped the car, pointed a shotgun out the window, fired the weapon at Love, and drove away. A later autopsy revealed that Love died as a result of multiple shotgun wounds to the neck and chest.
Hawkins was ultimately arrested and charged with Love’s murder. After a trial by jury, he was convicted as charged and later sentenced by the court to the maximum term of sixty-five years imprisonment.
Hawkins v. State, 748 N.E.2d 362, 363 (Ind. 2001). On February 8, 2001, the trial court
granted Hawkins permission to file a belated appeal. Hawkins asserted that the evidence was
insufficient to sustain his conviction and that he should not have received an enhanced
sentence. Id. Our supreme court disagreed with both assertions and affirmed Hawkins’s
conviction on May 24, 2001. Id.
On April 1, 2002, Hawkins filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief that was
subsequently withdrawn on January 3, 2006. Thereafter, on May 20, 2008, Hawkins filed
another pro se petition for post-conviction relief. On January, 6, 2010, attorney Janet G.
2 Mallett entered an appearance on behalf of Hawkins. The post-conviction court held an
evidentiary hearing on March 22, 2011. Mallett appeared and argued ineffective assistance
of appellate counsel due to appellate counsel’s failure to raise ineffective assistance of trial
counsel in the direct appeal. Attorney Mallett also argued the existence of other issues of
fundamental error, including prosecutorial misconduct, denial of the right to confrontation,
and denial of Hawkins’s right to testify in his own behalf. Attorney Mallett called Hawkins
as a witness, and Hawkins testified in support of these allegations of error. Although
Attorney Mallett did not introduce the trial transcript into evidence, the post-conviction court
sua sponte took judicial notice of the record. Attorney Mallett did not present Hawkins’s
trial or appellate counsel as witnesses. The post-conviction court issued its findings of fact,
conclusions of law, and order denying Hawkins’s petition on July 8, 2011. This pro se
appeal followed.
Discussion and Decision
Hawkins appeals the trial court’s denial of his petition for post-conviction relief.
Post-conviction proceedings are civil in nature, and petitioners bear the burden of proving
their grounds for relief by a preponderance of the evidence. Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1(5).
Post-conviction proceedings are not “super appeals” through which convicted persons can
raise issues they failed to raise at trial or on direct appeal. McCary v. State, 761 N.E.2d 389,
391 (Ind. 2002). Rather, post-conviction proceedings afford petitioners a limited opportunity
to raise issues that were unavailable or unknown at trial and on direct appeal. Davidson v.
State, 763 N.E.2d 441, 443 (Ind. 2002), cert. denied (2003).
3 When a petitioner appeals the denial of post-conviction relief, he appeals from a
negative judgment. Ritchie v. State, 875 N.E.2d 706, 714 (Ind. 2007). Accordingly, we may
not reverse the post-conviction court’s judgment unless the petitioner demonstrates that the
evidence as a whole leads unerringly and unmistakably to a decision opposite that reached by
the post-conviction court. Id. We accept the post-conviction court’s findings of fact unless
they are clearly erroneous, but we do not give deference to the post-conviction court’s
conclusions of law. Davidson, 763 N.E.2d at 443-44. On appeal, we may not reweigh the
evidence or reassess the credibility of witnesses. Id. at 444.
Hawkins’s sole assertion on appeal is that his post-conviction counsel provided
ineffective assistance such that he was deprived of a procedurally fair post-conviction
hearing. There is no constitutional right to counsel in post-conviction proceedings under
either the federal or state constitution. Hill v. State, 960 N.E.2d 141, 145 (Ind. 2012).
Therefore, rather than applying the rigorous standard set forth in Strickland v. Washington,
466 U.S. 668 (1984), we instead judge post-conviction counsel by a lesser standard based on
due-course-of-law principles. Id. When evaluating post-conviction counsel, courts inquire
whether “‘counsel in fact appeared and represented the petitioner in a procedurally fair
setting which resulted in a judgment of the court.’” Id. (quoting Baum v. State, 533 N.E.2d
1200, 1201 (Ind. 1989)). Where we determine that a petitioner was denied a procedurally fair
setting for review of the petition, we will remand for new post-conviction proceedings.
Waters v. State, 574 N.E.2d 911, 912 (Ind. 1991).
4 Hawkins relies on several cases in which, despite appearance by counsel in the post-
conviction proceedings, counsel essentially abandoned the petitioner by failing to present
evidence to support his client’s post-conviction claims. In Waters, post-conviction counsel
entered an appearance, but all affidavits in support of the petition were submitted by the
defendant pro se and were technically inadequate. Id. Our supreme court found that, by “not
present[ing] any evidence in support of his client’s claim,” counsel “in essence, abandoned
his client.” Id. This lack of representation by counsel resulted in deprivation of a fair post-
conviction hearing and remand was warranted. Id. Similarly, in Bahm v. State, 789 N.E.2d
50 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), clarified on reh’g, 794 N.E.2d 444, trans. denied, counsel appeared
at the post-conviction hearing and made legal arguments; however, counsel did not call any
witnesses, submit any affidavits, or submit the direct appeal record. We concluded that
counsel’s failure to present any evidence deprived the defendant of a fair hearing and
remanded for further proceedings. Id. at 61.1 Finally, in Taylor v. State, 882 N.E.2d 777
(Ind. Ct. App. 2008), although counsel appeared at the post-conviction hearing, counsel
called no witnesses, presented no affidavits, and did not submit the trial record.
Consequently, we concluded that counsel effectively abandoned the defendant at the post-
1 We note that Indiana courts previously maintained that “[a] post-conviction court may not take judicial notice of the transcript of evidence from the original proceedings unless exceptional circumstances exist.” Bahm, 789 N.E.2d at 58. Consequently, in order to establish claims of ineffective assistance, our courts stressed that the original trial transcript must be submitted by post-conviction counsel and entered into evidence at the post-conviction hearing just like any other exhibit. See State v. Hicks, 525 N.E.2d 316, 317 (Ind. 1988). An amendment to our evidence rules effective January 1, 2010, now permits judicial notice of “records of a court of this state.” See Ind. Evidence Rule 201(b)(5).
5 conviction hearing by failing to present evidence in support of his claim. Id. at 784. Thus, we
reversed and remanded for a procedurally fair post-conviction hearing. Id.
Here, unlike the cases cited by Hawkins, counsel not only appeared on behalf of
Hawkins, but she also presented evidence and argued in support of Hawkins’s allegations of
error. Mallett directed the post-conviction court to case law supporting Hawkins’s claimed
errors. Mallett called Hawkins as a witness and permitted him to testify and explain the
instances of alleged trial counsel ineffectiveness that should have been raised on direct
appeal.
Hawkins makes much of the fact that Mallett presented neither his trial nor appellate
counsel as witnesses in the post-conviction proceedings and also that she failed to tender the
trial transcript. First, Hawkins has not demonstrated that either his trial or appellate counsel
was available to testify on his behalf or that their testimony would have corroborated his
allegations. He asks that we speculate that attorney Mallett simply failed to present favorable
testimony. We will not engage in such speculation. Moreover, despite attorney Mallett’s
failure to tender Hawkins’s trial record as an exhibit during the post-conviction proceedings,
we note that the post-conviction court sua sponte took judicial notice of the same.2
Appellant’s App. at 84; see Mitchell v. State, 946 N.E.2d 640, 644 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011)
(post-conviction court may judicially notice the transcript of evidence from underlying
2 We are somewhat baffled that, in its findings, the post-conviction court indicates that it lacked the trial record. As noted, the post-conviction court could and did sua sponte take judicial notice of its records. Accordingly, the trial record was properly before the post-conviction court and Attorney Mallett cannot be said to have abandoned her client for failing to specifically tender the transcript as an exhibit.
6 criminal proceedings to appraise counsel’s performance and evaluate claims of ineffective
assistance) (citing Ind. Evidence Rule 201(b)(5)), trans. denied.
We cannot say that Mallett abandoned Hawkins such that he was deprived of due
course of law. Hawkins has not met his burden to show that he was deprived of a
procedurally fair post-conviction hearing. Remand for a new hearing is unwarranted. See
Graves v. State, 823 N.E.2d 1193, 1197 (Ind. 2005) (post-conviction counsel who appeared
at post-conviction hearing, directly examined defendant, and tendered two affidavits found
not to have abandoned defendant); see also Matheney v. State, 834 N.E.2d 658, 663 (Ind.
2005) (post-conviction counsel’s choice of claim he believed likely to prevail was not
abandonment and did not deprive defendant of a procedurally fair post-conviction
proceeding). The judgment of the post-conviction court is affirmed.
Affirmed.
VAIDIK, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.