COURT OF APPEALS EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS EL PASO, TEXAS
JOE ROWE, § No. 08-09-00001-CV Appellant, § Appeal from the v. § County Court § KARA LANE WATKINS, of Jeff Davis County, Texas § Appellee. (TC# 293) §
OPINION ON MOTION
Pending before the Court is Appellant Joe Rowe’s motion for appellate review of the trial
court’s order requiring a $50,000 supersedes bond on appeal. Mr. Rowe contends this security
requirement is excessive and arbitrary in light of the judgment, and asks this Court to order the
amount decreased to $2,500 and make temporary orders suspending the judgment until he has a
reasonable opportunity to post the proper security.
This case began as a dispute over the ownership of a female basenji-mix dog named
“Sara.” Mr. Joe Rowe took possession of the dog from Ms. Kara Watkins in June of 2007, when
Ms. Watkins moved from her home in Fort Davis, Texas to Alaska. The following May,
Ms. Watkins returned to Texas, and went to Mr. Rowe’s home. Ms. Watkins attempted to take
Sara from Mr. Rowe, the two argued over the dog, and a physical altercation ensued. Both
parties were injured.
Mr. Rowe filed suit in the Justice Court of Jeff Davis County, to establish his ownership
of Sara. The Justice of the Peace awarded Sara to Mr. Rowe. Sara was released to Mr. Rowe’s custody on June 30, 2008. Ms. Watkins appealed the judgment to the Jeff Davis County Court
by filing an original petition on July 23, 2008. The case proceeded to jury trial in December
2008. The jury found in Ms. Watkins’ favor but did not award monetary damages. Mr. Rowe
expressed an intent to appeal the judgment and objected to its immediate enforcement. The court
overruled Mr. Rowe’s objections, and ordered that Sara be turned over to Ms. Watkins
immediately.
On December 11, 2008, Mr. Rowe motioned the court to determine the type and amount
of security to supercede the judgment pending appeal to this Court. No action was taken in the
trial court until the following September, when the trial court entered an order requiring
Mr. Rowe to post $50,000 “to secure suspension of the judgment.” A final written judgment was
not entered in the County Court until September 15, 2009. See Rowe v. Watkins, No. 08-09-
00001-CV, 2009 WL 2623353 (Tex.App.--El Paso August 26, 2009, no pet.)(mem. op., not
designated for publication). Mr. Rowe filed his notice of appeal in this Court on December 31,
2008. Mr. Rowe has now asked this Court to review the court’s supercedes order, and to order a
reduction in the amount of security to $2,500. Ms. Watkins has not responded to the motion,
except to notify the Court that her attorney has withdrawn from the case, and she is without
representation on appeal.
Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure 24 governs the suspension of judgment in civil cases.
See TEX .R.APP.P. 24. One of the methods a judgment debtor may use to suspend enforcement of
a judgment during the pendency of an appeal is to file a “good and sufficient” bond with the trial
court. See TEX .R.APP .P. 24.1(a)(2). The amount of a bond is determined by Rule 24.2. When,
as is the case here, the judgment is for something other than money or an interest in property, the
-2- Rule requires the trial court to determine the amount and type of security the judgment debtor
must post. See TEX .R.APP.P. 24.2(a)(3). “The security must adequately protect the judgment
creditor against loss or damage that the appeal might cause.” Id. Rule 24.4 provides for
appellate review of the trial court’s ruling on security. See TEX .R.APP .P. 24.3(a). On motion by
either party, the appellate court may review: (1) the sufficiency or excessiveness of the amount
of security; (2) the sureties on any bond; (3) the type of security required; (4) the trial court’s
determination whether to permit suspension of enforcement; and (5) the trial court’s exercise of
discretion related to its continuing jurisdiction to modify the amount and type of security and the
sufficiency of sureties. See TEX .R.APP .P. 24.4(a).
We review the trial court’s determination of the amount of security under an abuse of
discretion standard. Montelongo v. Exit Stage Left, Inc., 293 S.W.3d 294, 297 (Tex.App.--
El Paso 2009, mand. pending). If we conclude the trial court has abused its discretion, we may
order the amount of the security increased or decreased. See id. Such a review includes a two-
step inquiry: (1) Did the trial court have sufficient information on which to exercise its
discretion; and (2) did the trial court err in the application of its discretion? Leibman v. Grand,
981 S.W.2d 426, 429 (Tex.App.--El Paso 1998, no pet.). In step one, we utilize the traditional
standards reviewing evidentiary sufficiency. Tex. Custom Pools, Inc. v. Clayton, 293 S.W.3d
299, 305-06 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2009, mand. denied). In step two, we must determine whether,
based on the record, the trial court’s decision was arbitrary and unreasonable. Id. at 306 As with
any abuse of discretion review, the question is not whether the reviewing court would have come
to the same conclusion as the trial court, but whether the court acted without reference to any
guiding rules and principles. Montelongo, 293 S.W.3d at 297.
-3- In the case before us, we are forced to answer the following question: “Did the trial court
abuse its discretion by requiring a $50,000 bond to suspend the judgment establishing
Ms. Watkins as the rightful owner of the dog Sara?” The answer to this question depends, in
large part, on the determination of Sara’s value to the parties. Given that she is simply a pet, who
is no doubt priceless to her human companions, the determination of her value in monetary value
presents some difficulty. We look first to Rule 24.2(a)(3), which governs the setting of security
for judgments regarding items other than money or an interest in property. First, the Rule
requires a trial court to “set the amount and type of security that the judgment debtor must post.”
See TEX .R.APP.P. 24.2(a)(3). Second, the Rule requires, whatever the amount and type of
security is required to “adequately protect the judgment creditor against loss or damage that the
appeal may cause.” See TEX .R.APP .P. 24.2(a)(3). In this instance, the “damage” of an appeal
can be described by considering two extremes; on one end of the spectrum, the party who is
denied Sara’s companionship for the duration of the appeal has lost just that time spent with a
beloved pet. On the other extreme, Sara could become injured or ill, as animals often do, and
perish before the final disposition of the case, thereby denying the non-possessor party with her
companionship altogether, regardless of the ultimate outcome of the case. Neither of these
extremes can be calculated in monetary terms. In deed, if we were discussing Sara’s loss to
either party in terms of judgment damages, we would be limited to considering her destruction in
terms of her “actual worth or value” less “any fanciful or sentimental considerations.” See Gulf
States Utilities Co. v. Low, 79 S.W.3d 561, 569 (Tex. 2002). As the record is completely lacking
in evidence that Sara had any value separate from her sentimental worth, we are left with a
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COURT OF APPEALS EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS EL PASO, TEXAS
JOE ROWE, § No. 08-09-00001-CV Appellant, § Appeal from the v. § County Court § KARA LANE WATKINS, of Jeff Davis County, Texas § Appellee. (TC# 293) §
OPINION ON MOTION
Pending before the Court is Appellant Joe Rowe’s motion for appellate review of the trial
court’s order requiring a $50,000 supersedes bond on appeal. Mr. Rowe contends this security
requirement is excessive and arbitrary in light of the judgment, and asks this Court to order the
amount decreased to $2,500 and make temporary orders suspending the judgment until he has a
reasonable opportunity to post the proper security.
This case began as a dispute over the ownership of a female basenji-mix dog named
“Sara.” Mr. Joe Rowe took possession of the dog from Ms. Kara Watkins in June of 2007, when
Ms. Watkins moved from her home in Fort Davis, Texas to Alaska. The following May,
Ms. Watkins returned to Texas, and went to Mr. Rowe’s home. Ms. Watkins attempted to take
Sara from Mr. Rowe, the two argued over the dog, and a physical altercation ensued. Both
parties were injured.
Mr. Rowe filed suit in the Justice Court of Jeff Davis County, to establish his ownership
of Sara. The Justice of the Peace awarded Sara to Mr. Rowe. Sara was released to Mr. Rowe’s custody on June 30, 2008. Ms. Watkins appealed the judgment to the Jeff Davis County Court
by filing an original petition on July 23, 2008. The case proceeded to jury trial in December
2008. The jury found in Ms. Watkins’ favor but did not award monetary damages. Mr. Rowe
expressed an intent to appeal the judgment and objected to its immediate enforcement. The court
overruled Mr. Rowe’s objections, and ordered that Sara be turned over to Ms. Watkins
immediately.
On December 11, 2008, Mr. Rowe motioned the court to determine the type and amount
of security to supercede the judgment pending appeal to this Court. No action was taken in the
trial court until the following September, when the trial court entered an order requiring
Mr. Rowe to post $50,000 “to secure suspension of the judgment.” A final written judgment was
not entered in the County Court until September 15, 2009. See Rowe v. Watkins, No. 08-09-
00001-CV, 2009 WL 2623353 (Tex.App.--El Paso August 26, 2009, no pet.)(mem. op., not
designated for publication). Mr. Rowe filed his notice of appeal in this Court on December 31,
2008. Mr. Rowe has now asked this Court to review the court’s supercedes order, and to order a
reduction in the amount of security to $2,500. Ms. Watkins has not responded to the motion,
except to notify the Court that her attorney has withdrawn from the case, and she is without
representation on appeal.
Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure 24 governs the suspension of judgment in civil cases.
See TEX .R.APP.P. 24. One of the methods a judgment debtor may use to suspend enforcement of
a judgment during the pendency of an appeal is to file a “good and sufficient” bond with the trial
court. See TEX .R.APP .P. 24.1(a)(2). The amount of a bond is determined by Rule 24.2. When,
as is the case here, the judgment is for something other than money or an interest in property, the
-2- Rule requires the trial court to determine the amount and type of security the judgment debtor
must post. See TEX .R.APP.P. 24.2(a)(3). “The security must adequately protect the judgment
creditor against loss or damage that the appeal might cause.” Id. Rule 24.4 provides for
appellate review of the trial court’s ruling on security. See TEX .R.APP .P. 24.3(a). On motion by
either party, the appellate court may review: (1) the sufficiency or excessiveness of the amount
of security; (2) the sureties on any bond; (3) the type of security required; (4) the trial court’s
determination whether to permit suspension of enforcement; and (5) the trial court’s exercise of
discretion related to its continuing jurisdiction to modify the amount and type of security and the
sufficiency of sureties. See TEX .R.APP .P. 24.4(a).
We review the trial court’s determination of the amount of security under an abuse of
discretion standard. Montelongo v. Exit Stage Left, Inc., 293 S.W.3d 294, 297 (Tex.App.--
El Paso 2009, mand. pending). If we conclude the trial court has abused its discretion, we may
order the amount of the security increased or decreased. See id. Such a review includes a two-
step inquiry: (1) Did the trial court have sufficient information on which to exercise its
discretion; and (2) did the trial court err in the application of its discretion? Leibman v. Grand,
981 S.W.2d 426, 429 (Tex.App.--El Paso 1998, no pet.). In step one, we utilize the traditional
standards reviewing evidentiary sufficiency. Tex. Custom Pools, Inc. v. Clayton, 293 S.W.3d
299, 305-06 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2009, mand. denied). In step two, we must determine whether,
based on the record, the trial court’s decision was arbitrary and unreasonable. Id. at 306 As with
any abuse of discretion review, the question is not whether the reviewing court would have come
to the same conclusion as the trial court, but whether the court acted without reference to any
guiding rules and principles. Montelongo, 293 S.W.3d at 297.
-3- In the case before us, we are forced to answer the following question: “Did the trial court
abuse its discretion by requiring a $50,000 bond to suspend the judgment establishing
Ms. Watkins as the rightful owner of the dog Sara?” The answer to this question depends, in
large part, on the determination of Sara’s value to the parties. Given that she is simply a pet, who
is no doubt priceless to her human companions, the determination of her value in monetary value
presents some difficulty. We look first to Rule 24.2(a)(3), which governs the setting of security
for judgments regarding items other than money or an interest in property. First, the Rule
requires a trial court to “set the amount and type of security that the judgment debtor must post.”
See TEX .R.APP.P. 24.2(a)(3). Second, the Rule requires, whatever the amount and type of
security is required to “adequately protect the judgment creditor against loss or damage that the
appeal may cause.” See TEX .R.APP .P. 24.2(a)(3). In this instance, the “damage” of an appeal
can be described by considering two extremes; on one end of the spectrum, the party who is
denied Sara’s companionship for the duration of the appeal has lost just that time spent with a
beloved pet. On the other extreme, Sara could become injured or ill, as animals often do, and
perish before the final disposition of the case, thereby denying the non-possessor party with her
companionship altogether, regardless of the ultimate outcome of the case. Neither of these
extremes can be calculated in monetary terms. In deed, if we were discussing Sara’s loss to
either party in terms of judgment damages, we would be limited to considering her destruction in
terms of her “actual worth or value” less “any fanciful or sentimental considerations.” See Gulf
States Utilities Co. v. Low, 79 S.W.3d 561, 569 (Tex. 2002). As the record is completely lacking
in evidence that Sara had any value separate from her sentimental worth, we are left with a
“value” of zero in terms of a basis for setting a monetary security.
-4- Albeit nearly a century ago, this Court has addressed the difficulty of such situations
before. In Muela v. Moye, the Court commented with approval on the County Court’s decision to
place “Richard, the brindle bulldog,” in the care of a neutral receiver for his protection and care
during the pendency of the dispute over his ownership. 185 S.W. 331, 332-33 (Tex.Civ.App.--
El Paso 1916, no writ). Sadly, although the record indicates the Justice of the Peace was inclined
to place Sara in a neutral location where she was taken care of, and where the parties were given
mutually-exclusive visitation rights during her stay, the County Court did not follow suit.
Instead, the Court determined the proper type of security in this case was monetary, and has
already placed Sara in Ms. Watkins’ custody. Had the County Court done so, either of its own
volition as in Muela v. Moye, or on motion by Mr. Rowe, the appeal could have proceeded
without the need for review of the bond amount. The parties could have been assured of Sara’s
heath and care and been provided with visitation rights as before.
Returning to the facts before us, without evidence of Sara’s value beyond her sentimental
worth to both parties, we are left to consider only the costs and expenses associated with the
appeal itself as a basis for the amount of security required. See TEX .R.APP .P. 24.2(a)(3). In light
of our two-step inquiry, we note that there is no evidence in the record to support the costs of
appeal will approach $50,000. Indeed, the only evidence in the record regarding the costs and
expense of the appeal are: $210 for the clerk’s record filed by the Jeff Davis County Clerk; an
additional $7.50 for a supplemental clerk’s record containing the trial court’s supercedes order;
and $3,822.70 for the preparation and certification of a six-volume reporter’s record. We also
take judicial notice that the cost of filing a notice of appeal in this Court is $175 and that all
motions are filed at a cost of $10 each. See TEX .GOV ’T CODE ANN . §§ 51.005, 51.0051 (Vernon
-5- 2005 and Vernon Supp. 2009). The sum total of the costs of appeal thus far are equal only ten
percent (approximately) of the trial court’s required security. As such, we conclude there was
insufficient evidence upon which the trial court could have determined $50,000 was an
appropriate amount, and the trial court abused its discretion by so ordering. See Clayton, 293
S.W.3d at 305-06.
Our final inquiry is what amount of security to order. See Montelongo, 293 S.W.3d at
297. Given our calculations above, we are of the opinion that $5,000 is an appropriate amount of
security and will more appropriately reflect the measurable costs associated with the case.
Accordingly, we GRANT Mr. Rowe’s motion for revision of the trial court’s supercedes ruling,
and ORDER Joe Rowe to post the sum of $5,000 with the County Clerk of Jeff Davis County,
Texas, to the secure suspension of the judgment in this cause pursuant to Texas Rule of
Appellate Procedure 24.
In addition, it is further ORDERED that Appellee’s brief is due to be filed no later than
thirty (30) days from the issuance of this opinion.
February 10, 2010 DAVID WELLINGTON CHEW, Chief Justice
Before Chew, C.J., McClure, and Rivera, JJ.
-6-