RECORD IMPOUNDED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-0635-19T1
J. M.,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
C.K.,
Defendant-Respondent. __________________________
Submitted October 26, 2020 – Decided January 19, 2021
Before Judges Mayer and Susswein.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Middlesex County, Docket No. FM-12-0596-17.
John Barone, attorney for appellant.
Respondent has not filed a brief.
PER CURIAM
Plaintiff, J.M., appeals from a Family Part post-judgment order denying
her motion to modify the current parenting plan, award her sole custody of the children, and order a plenary hearing. 1 Judge John A. Jorgensen rendered an
oral decision and thereafter issued a written amplification. We affirm .
We presume the parties are familiar with the circumstances leading to this
appeal. In 2017, plaintiff J.M. and defendant, C.K., divorced after more than
ten years of marriage. The property settlement agreement (PSA) provided that
both parents would share joint custody of their two children. The PSA
designated J.M. as the parent of primary residence.
The parties have a long history of post-divorce litigation. Notably, in
December 2018, Judge Jorgensen granted plaintiff a domestic violence final
restraining order (FRO) against C.K. The FRO generally prohibits C.K. from
communicating with J.M. but allows him to communicate with her via text
messages for matters concerning the children.
In August 2019, defendant applied for an Order to Show Cause seeking to
have the court enforce his parenting time in accordance with the PSA, change
the location of the custody exchanges from the police station to the courthouse,
and impose penalties against plaintiff for her alleged failures to exchange
custody. Plaintiff filed a cross-motion seeking to suspend defendant's parenting
1 We use initials to protect the privacy of the parties and the children. R. 1:38- 3(d). A-0635-19T1 2 time or, in the alternative, require supervised parenting time. Plaintiff also
sought a plenary hearing for a change in custody that would grant her sole legal
and physical custody of the children.
On September 13, 2019, Judge Jorgensen granted defendant's application
to enforce his parenting time but denied his request to relocate the custody
exchange and his request to impose penalties. Judge Jorgensen also denied
plaintiff's cross-motion, finding she failed to present sufficient evidence to
establish a change of circumstances warranting modification of the parenting
time arrangement or a plenary hearing. 2 We now review the decision to deny
plaintiff's cross-motion.
Because we affirm for the reasons explained in Judge Jorgensen's
thorough oral opinion and written amplification, we need not re -address
plaintiff's arguments at length. We begin our analysis by acknowledging that
the scope of our review is narrow. Findings by a Family Part judge are "binding
on appeal when supported by adequate, substantial, and credible evidence."
2 We note that plaintiff's brief does not address the trial court's denial of her request for a plenary hearing. Accordingly, plaintiff has waived this issue. See Sklodowsky v. Lushis, 417 N.J. Super. 648, 657 (App. Div. 2011) ("An issue not briefed on appeal is deemed waived.") (quoting Jefferson Loan Co. v. Session, 397 N.J. Super. 520, 525 n.4 (App. Div. 2008)). We add that the record clearly supports Judge Jorgensen's decision to deny plaintiff's cross-motion to modify the custody arrangements without convening a plenary hearing. A-0635-19T1 3 Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 412 (1998) (citing Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v.
Invs. Ins. Co., 65 N.J. 474, 484 (1974)). Additionally, "[b]ecause of the family
courts' special jurisdiction and expertise in family matters, appellate courts
should accord deference family court factfinding." Id. at 413. We may reverse
only if there is "'a denial of justice' because the family court's 'conclusi ons are
[] "clearly mistaken" or "wide of the mark."'" Parish v. Parish, 412 N.J. Super.
39, 48 (App. Div. 2010) (alteration in original) (quoting N.J. Div. of Youth &
Family Servs. v. E.P., 196 N.J. 88, 104 (2008)). Accordingly, an appellate court
should not disturb the trial court’s factfinding unless the court is "convinced that
they are so manifestly unsupported by or inconsistent with the competent,
relevant, and reasonably credible evidence as to offend the interests of justice."
Cesare, 154 N.J. at 413 (quoting Rova Farms, 65 N.J. at 484).
Furthermore, a party seeking modification of an existing custody or
parenting time order bears the burden of demonstrating changed circumstances
and that the current arrangement is no longer in the best interests of the child.
Finamore v. Aronson, 382 N.J. Super. 514, 522-23 (App. Div. 2006); Hand v.
Hand, 391 N.J. Super. 102, 105 (App. Div. 2007). The analytical process is
sequential. A party seeking modification must first show a change in
circumstances that affects the welfare of the children. If the party makes such a
A-0635-19T1 4 showing, "the party is 'entitled to a plenary hearing as to disputed material facts
regarding the child's best interests, and whether those best interests are served
by modification of the existing custody order.'" Costa v. Costa, 440 N.J. Super.
1, 4 (App. Div. 2015) (quoting R.K. v. F.K., 437 N.J. Super. 58, 62-63 (App.
Div. 2014) (citation omitted)); see also Lepis v. Lepis, 83 N.J. 139, 159 (1980).
Applying these legal principles to the record before us, we conclude Judge
Jorgensen did not abuse his discretion in denying plaintiff's cross -motion.
Plaintiff contends that Judge Jorgensen failed to appreciate the importance and
probative value of the evidence she submitted. She also claims the judge
uncritically accepted what she characterizes as defendant's "bald blanket denial"
of her factual allegations. The record belies her argument. Contrary to
plaintiff's claim, defendant in his reply certification specifically addressed her
allegations, save for those relating to his failure to respond to her text
messages—a matter we address momentarily. We note that plaintiff points only
to the catch-all denial at the end of defendant's certification, essentially ignoring
the remainder of his five-page certification in which he specifically responds to
her factual allegations.
We have reviewed the record and conclude that Judge Jorgensen carefully
considered all of the proofs and arguments submitted by both parties. Based on
A-0635-19T1 5 that review, the judge concluded that the allegations made by plaintiff reflected
"domestic contretemps" between the parties, falling short of a change in
circumstances warranting modification of the child custody arrangement. 3 We
see no reason to disturb that finding. Indeed, our review of the litigation history
confirms that plaintiff and defendant have a contentious relationship and, as a
result, are unable to communicate.
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RECORD IMPOUNDED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-0635-19T1
J. M.,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
C.K.,
Defendant-Respondent. __________________________
Submitted October 26, 2020 – Decided January 19, 2021
Before Judges Mayer and Susswein.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Middlesex County, Docket No. FM-12-0596-17.
John Barone, attorney for appellant.
Respondent has not filed a brief.
PER CURIAM
Plaintiff, J.M., appeals from a Family Part post-judgment order denying
her motion to modify the current parenting plan, award her sole custody of the children, and order a plenary hearing. 1 Judge John A. Jorgensen rendered an
oral decision and thereafter issued a written amplification. We affirm .
We presume the parties are familiar with the circumstances leading to this
appeal. In 2017, plaintiff J.M. and defendant, C.K., divorced after more than
ten years of marriage. The property settlement agreement (PSA) provided that
both parents would share joint custody of their two children. The PSA
designated J.M. as the parent of primary residence.
The parties have a long history of post-divorce litigation. Notably, in
December 2018, Judge Jorgensen granted plaintiff a domestic violence final
restraining order (FRO) against C.K. The FRO generally prohibits C.K. from
communicating with J.M. but allows him to communicate with her via text
messages for matters concerning the children.
In August 2019, defendant applied for an Order to Show Cause seeking to
have the court enforce his parenting time in accordance with the PSA, change
the location of the custody exchanges from the police station to the courthouse,
and impose penalties against plaintiff for her alleged failures to exchange
custody. Plaintiff filed a cross-motion seeking to suspend defendant's parenting
1 We use initials to protect the privacy of the parties and the children. R. 1:38- 3(d). A-0635-19T1 2 time or, in the alternative, require supervised parenting time. Plaintiff also
sought a plenary hearing for a change in custody that would grant her sole legal
and physical custody of the children.
On September 13, 2019, Judge Jorgensen granted defendant's application
to enforce his parenting time but denied his request to relocate the custody
exchange and his request to impose penalties. Judge Jorgensen also denied
plaintiff's cross-motion, finding she failed to present sufficient evidence to
establish a change of circumstances warranting modification of the parenting
time arrangement or a plenary hearing. 2 We now review the decision to deny
plaintiff's cross-motion.
Because we affirm for the reasons explained in Judge Jorgensen's
thorough oral opinion and written amplification, we need not re -address
plaintiff's arguments at length. We begin our analysis by acknowledging that
the scope of our review is narrow. Findings by a Family Part judge are "binding
on appeal when supported by adequate, substantial, and credible evidence."
2 We note that plaintiff's brief does not address the trial court's denial of her request for a plenary hearing. Accordingly, plaintiff has waived this issue. See Sklodowsky v. Lushis, 417 N.J. Super. 648, 657 (App. Div. 2011) ("An issue not briefed on appeal is deemed waived.") (quoting Jefferson Loan Co. v. Session, 397 N.J. Super. 520, 525 n.4 (App. Div. 2008)). We add that the record clearly supports Judge Jorgensen's decision to deny plaintiff's cross-motion to modify the custody arrangements without convening a plenary hearing. A-0635-19T1 3 Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 412 (1998) (citing Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v.
Invs. Ins. Co., 65 N.J. 474, 484 (1974)). Additionally, "[b]ecause of the family
courts' special jurisdiction and expertise in family matters, appellate courts
should accord deference family court factfinding." Id. at 413. We may reverse
only if there is "'a denial of justice' because the family court's 'conclusi ons are
[] "clearly mistaken" or "wide of the mark."'" Parish v. Parish, 412 N.J. Super.
39, 48 (App. Div. 2010) (alteration in original) (quoting N.J. Div. of Youth &
Family Servs. v. E.P., 196 N.J. 88, 104 (2008)). Accordingly, an appellate court
should not disturb the trial court’s factfinding unless the court is "convinced that
they are so manifestly unsupported by or inconsistent with the competent,
relevant, and reasonably credible evidence as to offend the interests of justice."
Cesare, 154 N.J. at 413 (quoting Rova Farms, 65 N.J. at 484).
Furthermore, a party seeking modification of an existing custody or
parenting time order bears the burden of demonstrating changed circumstances
and that the current arrangement is no longer in the best interests of the child.
Finamore v. Aronson, 382 N.J. Super. 514, 522-23 (App. Div. 2006); Hand v.
Hand, 391 N.J. Super. 102, 105 (App. Div. 2007). The analytical process is
sequential. A party seeking modification must first show a change in
circumstances that affects the welfare of the children. If the party makes such a
A-0635-19T1 4 showing, "the party is 'entitled to a plenary hearing as to disputed material facts
regarding the child's best interests, and whether those best interests are served
by modification of the existing custody order.'" Costa v. Costa, 440 N.J. Super.
1, 4 (App. Div. 2015) (quoting R.K. v. F.K., 437 N.J. Super. 58, 62-63 (App.
Div. 2014) (citation omitted)); see also Lepis v. Lepis, 83 N.J. 139, 159 (1980).
Applying these legal principles to the record before us, we conclude Judge
Jorgensen did not abuse his discretion in denying plaintiff's cross -motion.
Plaintiff contends that Judge Jorgensen failed to appreciate the importance and
probative value of the evidence she submitted. She also claims the judge
uncritically accepted what she characterizes as defendant's "bald blanket denial"
of her factual allegations. The record belies her argument. Contrary to
plaintiff's claim, defendant in his reply certification specifically addressed her
allegations, save for those relating to his failure to respond to her text
messages—a matter we address momentarily. We note that plaintiff points only
to the catch-all denial at the end of defendant's certification, essentially ignoring
the remainder of his five-page certification in which he specifically responds to
her factual allegations.
We have reviewed the record and conclude that Judge Jorgensen carefully
considered all of the proofs and arguments submitted by both parties. Based on
A-0635-19T1 5 that review, the judge concluded that the allegations made by plaintiff reflected
"domestic contretemps" between the parties, falling short of a change in
circumstances warranting modification of the child custody arrangement. 3 We
see no reason to disturb that finding. Indeed, our review of the litigation history
confirms that plaintiff and defendant have a contentious relationship and, as a
result, are unable to communicate. Domestic contretemps do not constitute a
change of circumstances.
Much of plaintiff's argument hinges on her frustration that defendant
refuses to respond to her text messages. She contends defendant's failure to
communicate places the children at risk of substantial and ongoing harm. By
way of example, she argues that defendant's failure to respond to her inquiries
regarding their daughter's health placed plaintiff in an untenable position where
she was afraid to administer fever medication to their daughter for fear of
overdosing her.
3 We note that plaintiff alleged that defendant harassed and stalked her after a custody exchange. Judge Jorgensen in his November 6, 2019 amplification letter determined that it was premature to consider plaintiff's allegation that defendant violated the FRO, as that matter was scheduled to be heard on December 2, 2019. The record before us does not indicate the final disposition of the FRO violation hearing. A-0635-19T1 6 In support of her argument, plaintiff relies on Nufrio v. Nufrio, in which
we commented that
the prime [criterion] for establishing a joint legal custodial relationship between divorced or separated parents centers on the ability of those parents to agree, communicate[,] and cooperate in matters relating to the health, safety[,] and welfare of the child[,] notwithstanding animosity or acrimony they may harbor towards each other.
[341 N.J. Super. 548, 550 (App. Div. 2001).]
We do not interpret this general principle to require a modification of the
parenting arrangement in the particular circumstances presented in this case. We
deem it to be significant that the FRO issued by Judge Jorgensen permitted —
but did not require—defendant to communicate directly with plaintiff by text
messaging concerning the children. We therefore reject plaintiff's argument that
defendant created a substantial change of circumstances by his failure to
communicate with plaintiff.
In this instance, the same judge who issued the FRO denied defendant's
cross-motion to modify the parenting arrangement. In rejecting plaintiff's
argument, Judge Jorgensen recognized both parties continually filed police
reports and motions against each other. Considering the contentious nature of
the parties' relationship, Judge Jorgensen acted well within his discretion in
A-0635-19T1 7 declining to require defendant to communicate directly with plaintiff, since such
communications would present an opportunity for confrontation and escalation
that might lead to new charges of domestic violence harassment.
Given the deferential standard of review, it is not our place to substitute
our judgment for that of the Family Part judge when, as in this case, the trial
court's findings are supported by competent, relevant, and reasonably credible
evidence. Cesare, 154 N.J. at 412. Deference is especially appropriate in view
of Judge Jorgensen's intimate familiarity with the long history of conflict
between these parties.
To the extent we have not addressed them, any additional arguments
raised by plaintiff lack sufficient merit to warrant discussion in this opinion. R.
2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
A-0635-19T1 8