NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 23 2024 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JESUS ABALOS, No. 22-16250
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:20-cv-01699-JAM-KJN v.
C. PARHAM, Correctional Officer, MEMORANDUM*
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California John A. Mendez, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted December 19, 2024** San Francisco, California
Before: GOULD, SUNG, and DE ALBA, Circuit Judges.
Plaintiff, Jesus Abalos, appeals pro se from the district court’s grant of
summary judgment to Defendant C. Parham 1 in his civil rights action alleging that
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). 1 The district court previously dismissed Defendants J. Scheurer and Joe Lizarraga from the action. Parham used excessive force against Abalos while he was incarcerated in
California state prison, in violation of Abalos’s Eighth Amendment rights. We
have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo.
Sandoval v. Cnty. of Sonoma, 912 F.3d 509, 515 (9th Cir. 2018). “Summary
judgment is not appropriate unless, viewing the evidence in the light most
favorable to the nonmoving parties and drawing all reasonable inferences in their
favor, no genuine issues of material fact remain in dispute.” Silloway v. City &
Cnty. of San Francisco, 117 F.4th 1070, 1077 (9th Cir. 2024). Where the party
moving for summary judgment “is not the party that bears the burden of proof at
trial,” the moving party may “secure summary judgment” by demonstrating “‘that
there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party’s case.’” Sierra
Med. Servs. All. v. Kent, 883 F.3d 1216, 1222 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting Celotex
Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 325 (1986)). “To defeat summary judgment, [the
non-movant] must respond with more than mere hearsay and legal conclusions.”
Orr v. Bank of Am., NT & SA, 285 F.3d 764, 783 (9th Cir. 2002) (quotation marks
and citations omitted).
Abalos alleges that Parham violated his Eighth Amendment rights by using
excessive force against Abalos while he was experiencing a drug overdose,
resulting in injuries to Abalos’s wrists and ankles. To prevail on an Eighth
2 Amendment excessive force claim, Abalos must establish that Parham applied
force “maliciously and sadistically to cause harm,” rather than in a “good-faith
effort to maintain or restore discipline.” Hoard v. Hartman, 904 F.3d 780, 788 (9th
Cir. 2018) (quoting Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 7 (1992)). Parham moves for
summary judgment with evidence that he placed Abalos in handcuffs to restrain
him from thrashing his limbs as medical personnel attended to Abalos’s overdose,
and that Abalos’s injuries were caused when he struggled against the handcuffs.
This use of force is permissible under our precedents, which allow prison officers
to “place a dangerous inmate in shackles and handcuffs when they move him from
his cell” for the “protection of staff and other inmates.” Keenan v. Hall, 83 F.3d
1083, 1092 (9th Cir. 1996), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 135 F.3d 1318
(9th Cir. 1998). As explained further below, Abalos does not produce evidence to
create a genuine dispute as to Parham’s use of force. Parham is therefore entitled to
summary judgment.
1. On October 1, 2018, while Abalos was incarcerated at Mule Creek State
Prison, he suffered a drug overdose and was discovered unresponsive in his cell.
Parham and two other prison officers removed Abalos from his cell and
transported him to the prison’s Treatment and Triage Area (“TTA”) for emergency
medical care. Abalos was then transported to the emergency room of an outside
hospital. It is undisputed that Abalos sustained lacerations to his wrists and ankles
3 during this episode.
2. Parham presents evidence that Abalos’s injuries were caused by Abalos
straining against handcuffs that Parham placed on his wrists and ankles to restrain
him during treatment and transport. Parham’s declaration states that after
paramedics at the TTA administered Narcan to Abalos, he began “thrash[ing] his
arms and legs around on the gurney.” Parham states that, “[t]o maintain Abalos’
safety and the safety of the paramedics,” he secured Abalos’s arms and legs to the
gurney with handcuffs “in accordance with [his] training”; he applied the
handcuffs “just tight enough so that Abalos would be unable to slip his hands and
feet through.” Treatment records from the hospital emergency room state that
Abalos arrived at the hospital “fighting staff” and that “[six] people” were required
to restrain him. The records also state that Abalos “sustained [b]ilateral wrist
lacerations during his struggle while in hand cuffs.”
3. Abalos does not present sufficient evidence to create a genuine factual
dispute as to Parham’s use of force. During his deposition, Abalos stated that he
was unconscious during his overdose, remembered “[n]othing” about his transport
from the prison to the hospital, and had “no idea” how he sustained his injuries. In
his pro se brief in opposition to summary judgment, Abalos contends that a nurse
witnessed Parham “assault” Abalos by “yank[ing] up and down” and “stomp[ing]
on the unlocked cuffs.” Abalos states that this nurse told him that she was “so
4 shocked at the time Parham committed his assault and battery that she froze.” He
also contends that “[i]nmate witnesses” told him that “this nurse yelled at Parham
at the time, and overheard her . . . say ‘that’s not necessary officer, he’s not even
[conscious].’” Abalos states that these witnesses will sign declarations supporting
this account, but that it is “not possible” to produce the declarations “at this time.”
Finally, Abalos also contends that Parham did not properly “lock” or “[d]ouble
[l]ock” the handcuffs to prevent them from “tightening” and causing Abalos’s
injuries, but he does not proffer any evidence in support of this argument.
Because Abalos is pro se, we must “consider as evidence” all contentions
offered in his verified motions and pleadings “where such contentions are based on
personal knowledge and set forth facts that would be admissible in evidence.”
Jones v. Blanas,
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 23 2024 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JESUS ABALOS, No. 22-16250
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:20-cv-01699-JAM-KJN v.
C. PARHAM, Correctional Officer, MEMORANDUM*
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California John A. Mendez, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted December 19, 2024** San Francisco, California
Before: GOULD, SUNG, and DE ALBA, Circuit Judges.
Plaintiff, Jesus Abalos, appeals pro se from the district court’s grant of
summary judgment to Defendant C. Parham 1 in his civil rights action alleging that
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). 1 The district court previously dismissed Defendants J. Scheurer and Joe Lizarraga from the action. Parham used excessive force against Abalos while he was incarcerated in
California state prison, in violation of Abalos’s Eighth Amendment rights. We
have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo.
Sandoval v. Cnty. of Sonoma, 912 F.3d 509, 515 (9th Cir. 2018). “Summary
judgment is not appropriate unless, viewing the evidence in the light most
favorable to the nonmoving parties and drawing all reasonable inferences in their
favor, no genuine issues of material fact remain in dispute.” Silloway v. City &
Cnty. of San Francisco, 117 F.4th 1070, 1077 (9th Cir. 2024). Where the party
moving for summary judgment “is not the party that bears the burden of proof at
trial,” the moving party may “secure summary judgment” by demonstrating “‘that
there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party’s case.’” Sierra
Med. Servs. All. v. Kent, 883 F.3d 1216, 1222 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting Celotex
Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 325 (1986)). “To defeat summary judgment, [the
non-movant] must respond with more than mere hearsay and legal conclusions.”
Orr v. Bank of Am., NT & SA, 285 F.3d 764, 783 (9th Cir. 2002) (quotation marks
and citations omitted).
Abalos alleges that Parham violated his Eighth Amendment rights by using
excessive force against Abalos while he was experiencing a drug overdose,
resulting in injuries to Abalos’s wrists and ankles. To prevail on an Eighth
2 Amendment excessive force claim, Abalos must establish that Parham applied
force “maliciously and sadistically to cause harm,” rather than in a “good-faith
effort to maintain or restore discipline.” Hoard v. Hartman, 904 F.3d 780, 788 (9th
Cir. 2018) (quoting Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 7 (1992)). Parham moves for
summary judgment with evidence that he placed Abalos in handcuffs to restrain
him from thrashing his limbs as medical personnel attended to Abalos’s overdose,
and that Abalos’s injuries were caused when he struggled against the handcuffs.
This use of force is permissible under our precedents, which allow prison officers
to “place a dangerous inmate in shackles and handcuffs when they move him from
his cell” for the “protection of staff and other inmates.” Keenan v. Hall, 83 F.3d
1083, 1092 (9th Cir. 1996), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 135 F.3d 1318
(9th Cir. 1998). As explained further below, Abalos does not produce evidence to
create a genuine dispute as to Parham’s use of force. Parham is therefore entitled to
summary judgment.
1. On October 1, 2018, while Abalos was incarcerated at Mule Creek State
Prison, he suffered a drug overdose and was discovered unresponsive in his cell.
Parham and two other prison officers removed Abalos from his cell and
transported him to the prison’s Treatment and Triage Area (“TTA”) for emergency
medical care. Abalos was then transported to the emergency room of an outside
hospital. It is undisputed that Abalos sustained lacerations to his wrists and ankles
3 during this episode.
2. Parham presents evidence that Abalos’s injuries were caused by Abalos
straining against handcuffs that Parham placed on his wrists and ankles to restrain
him during treatment and transport. Parham’s declaration states that after
paramedics at the TTA administered Narcan to Abalos, he began “thrash[ing] his
arms and legs around on the gurney.” Parham states that, “[t]o maintain Abalos’
safety and the safety of the paramedics,” he secured Abalos’s arms and legs to the
gurney with handcuffs “in accordance with [his] training”; he applied the
handcuffs “just tight enough so that Abalos would be unable to slip his hands and
feet through.” Treatment records from the hospital emergency room state that
Abalos arrived at the hospital “fighting staff” and that “[six] people” were required
to restrain him. The records also state that Abalos “sustained [b]ilateral wrist
lacerations during his struggle while in hand cuffs.”
3. Abalos does not present sufficient evidence to create a genuine factual
dispute as to Parham’s use of force. During his deposition, Abalos stated that he
was unconscious during his overdose, remembered “[n]othing” about his transport
from the prison to the hospital, and had “no idea” how he sustained his injuries. In
his pro se brief in opposition to summary judgment, Abalos contends that a nurse
witnessed Parham “assault” Abalos by “yank[ing] up and down” and “stomp[ing]
on the unlocked cuffs.” Abalos states that this nurse told him that she was “so
4 shocked at the time Parham committed his assault and battery that she froze.” He
also contends that “[i]nmate witnesses” told him that “this nurse yelled at Parham
at the time, and overheard her . . . say ‘that’s not necessary officer, he’s not even
[conscious].’” Abalos states that these witnesses will sign declarations supporting
this account, but that it is “not possible” to produce the declarations “at this time.”
Finally, Abalos also contends that Parham did not properly “lock” or “[d]ouble
[l]ock” the handcuffs to prevent them from “tightening” and causing Abalos’s
injuries, but he does not proffer any evidence in support of this argument.
Because Abalos is pro se, we must “consider as evidence” all contentions
offered in his verified motions and pleadings “where such contentions are based on
personal knowledge and set forth facts that would be admissible in evidence.”
Jones v. Blanas, 393 F.3d 918, 922–23 (9th Cir. 2004). Abalos’s contention that
his injuries were caused by Parham “yanking” and “stomping” on the handcuffs is
not based on personal knowledge and is instead based on inadmissible hearsay. See
Fed. R. Evid. 801. His contention that Parham improperly applied the handcuffs
likewise is not based on personal knowledge and is not otherwise supported by
evidence. Abalos therefore does not establish a genuine factual dispute as to
Parham’s use of force. Because Parham’s use of force was permissible based on
the evidence in the record, see Keenan, 83 F.3d at 1092, he is entitled to summary
5 judgment.2
AFFIRMED.
2 Abalos does not contest the district court’s denial of his requests for appointed counsel and extension of discovery. We therefore do not address these issues. See Indep. Towers of Wash. v. Washington, 350 F.3d 925, 929 (9th Cir. 2003) (“[W]e will not consider any claims that were not actually argued in appellant’s opening brief.”); Acosta-Huerta v. Estelle, 7 F.3d 139, 144 (9th Cir. 1992), as amended (Oct. 8, 1993) (deeming “abandoned” issues not argued in pro se opening brief).