AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed June 18, 2021
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-19-01581-CR
JESSICA JOY WIESE, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 416th Judicial District Court Collin County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. 416-80756-2019
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Schenck, Reichek, and Carlyle Opinion by Justice Reichek Jessica Joy Wiese appeals her conviction for the offense of injury to a child.
In a single issue, appellant contends the trial court erred by denying her request for
expert assistance. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Background
Appellant was charged in eight separate indictments for injuring six different
children while working at a daycare center in McKinney, Texas. The case before us
involves a single indictment alleging that appellant intentionally and knowingly
caused bodily injury to K.G., a seven-week-old infant. Video obtained from the
daycare center showed appellant roughly handling K.G., including striking him, forcing what appeared to be a wipe into his mouth, and shaking him upside down by
his ankles. K.G. was examined by a pediatrician specializing in child abuse who
determined he had suffered two rib fractures and a fractured femur. The leg fracture
was consistent with having been held by the ankles and shaken.
Appellant was arrested on December 3, 2018 and, after she was found
indigent, an attorney was appointed to represent her. Approximately one year later,
seven days before trial was set to begin, appellant informed her counsel she was
hearing voices. Based on appellant’s statements, defense counsel filed a motion for
continuance and an unverified “Ex Parte Motion for Expert Assistance.” In the
motion, counsel stated he believed it was necessary to retain an expert “to review
the mental health records and to examine [appellant] to determine her mental health
condition as it existed at the time of this incident to determine if [s]he was competent
and/or other mental health issues resulted in the actions that [were] made the basis
of these criminal allegations against [appellant].”
An informal hearing was held on the issue of appellant’s competency, and it
was determined she did not meet the threshold to show incompetency to stand trial.
A few days later, a formal hearing was conducted at which defense counsel stated
they were no longer asserting incompetency, but that the motion “may be going to
mitigation, [or] it may be going to mental state, if she has mental health issues . . . .”
Counsel contended he wanted to explore whether appellant’s possible mental health
issues “could be a mitigating factor or some other defensive strategy.”
–2– The State noted to the court that it had recorded a recent phone call between
appellant and her son in which appellant said she had told her attorney that she was
hearing voices. The prosecutor stated that appellant’s son paused before responding
“Oh. Got ya.” Appellant then said she “hoped it would help.” The recording of the
call was later played for the court to hear.
The trial court expressed concern, based on the length of time it took appellant
to mention hearing voices and the timing of her disclosure, that she was simply trying
to avoid trial. The court also stated that defense counsel needed to give him “some
basis” for the need for an expert. Appellant was then brought into the courtroom for
questioning.
In response to questions from the bench, appellant informed the court that she
was a college graduate who worked as registered nurse until she was fired for
stealing drugs. Appellant further testified she had been experiencing mental health
problems her entire life, but she never sought treatment until she was in jail.
Appellant stated she had been hearing voices for approximately two and one-half
years, but she conceded she did not inform her counsel of this until a few days earlier.
She said she had previously spoken with one of the jail’s nurse practitioners and told
her that she had been hearing voices.
When the court asked appellant to explain what voices she was hearing,
appellant responded that they were “just random voices telling me to do things.” The
court then asked what kinds of things the voices were telling her to do, and she stated
–3– they were telling her to “hurt people.” Appellant testified that, while she was
working at the daycare center, the voices told her to hurt the children.
During a recess in the hearing, the court obtained appellant’s medical records
from jail. The court then questioned appellant about the fact that, although the
medical records indicated appellant told a nurse practitioner she was hearing voices,
the only voice she reported hearing was her father telling her that she “did a good
job.” Nothing in the records supported her assertion that she was hearing voices
telling her to hurt people. The court stated at the conclusion of the hearing that he
was going review appellant’s medical records further to see if they contained any
information to support her claims of mental illness.
Four days later, the pretrial hearing resumed. The judge stated he had
reviewed appellant’s medical records and confirmed that, despite the fact appellant
spoke with both a psychiatrist and her attorney many times while in jail, she never
reported hearing voices telling her to hurt people until immediately before trial. The
records showed instead that appellant sought treatment for anxiety and depression
and, at one point, she mentioned having hallucinations. Appellant’s request for
expert assistance was denied and her trial began the same day.
A jury found appellant guilty of injury to a child as alleged in the indictment
and sentenced her to ten years in prison. After her motion for new trial was denied,
appellant brought this appeal.
Analysis
–4– In a single issue, appellant contends the trial court erred in denying her request
for expert assistance. The United States Supreme Court has held that due process
entitles an indigent defendant to the appointment of an expert to assist in their
defense when the defendant makes a preliminary showing that the issue for which
they seek expert assistance is “likely to be a significant factor at trial.” Williams v.
State, 958 S.W. 2d 186, 192 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). To make the required threshold
showing, the defendant’s claim must be based upon more than undeveloped
assertions that the requested assistance would be beneficial. Id. Generally, the
defendant’s motion must make the defensive theory clear to the trial court and be
supported by factual allegations or evidence that expert testimony would support the
theory. See Rey v. State, 897 S.W.2d 333, 341 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995); Banda v.
State, No. 05-14-01134-CR, 2016 WL 97532, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Jan. 7, 2016,
no pet.). In cases holding that a sufficient showing was not made, the defendant
typically has failed to provide an explanation as to what the defensive theory was,
why expert assistance would be helpful in establishing that theory, and submit
evidence in support. Rey, 897 S.W.2d at 341; see also Ivie v. State, 407 S.W.3d 305,
311–12 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2013, pet. ref’d). We analyze whether a defendant
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AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed June 18, 2021
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-19-01581-CR
JESSICA JOY WIESE, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 416th Judicial District Court Collin County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. 416-80756-2019
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Schenck, Reichek, and Carlyle Opinion by Justice Reichek Jessica Joy Wiese appeals her conviction for the offense of injury to a child.
In a single issue, appellant contends the trial court erred by denying her request for
expert assistance. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Background
Appellant was charged in eight separate indictments for injuring six different
children while working at a daycare center in McKinney, Texas. The case before us
involves a single indictment alleging that appellant intentionally and knowingly
caused bodily injury to K.G., a seven-week-old infant. Video obtained from the
daycare center showed appellant roughly handling K.G., including striking him, forcing what appeared to be a wipe into his mouth, and shaking him upside down by
his ankles. K.G. was examined by a pediatrician specializing in child abuse who
determined he had suffered two rib fractures and a fractured femur. The leg fracture
was consistent with having been held by the ankles and shaken.
Appellant was arrested on December 3, 2018 and, after she was found
indigent, an attorney was appointed to represent her. Approximately one year later,
seven days before trial was set to begin, appellant informed her counsel she was
hearing voices. Based on appellant’s statements, defense counsel filed a motion for
continuance and an unverified “Ex Parte Motion for Expert Assistance.” In the
motion, counsel stated he believed it was necessary to retain an expert “to review
the mental health records and to examine [appellant] to determine her mental health
condition as it existed at the time of this incident to determine if [s]he was competent
and/or other mental health issues resulted in the actions that [were] made the basis
of these criminal allegations against [appellant].”
An informal hearing was held on the issue of appellant’s competency, and it
was determined she did not meet the threshold to show incompetency to stand trial.
A few days later, a formal hearing was conducted at which defense counsel stated
they were no longer asserting incompetency, but that the motion “may be going to
mitigation, [or] it may be going to mental state, if she has mental health issues . . . .”
Counsel contended he wanted to explore whether appellant’s possible mental health
issues “could be a mitigating factor or some other defensive strategy.”
–2– The State noted to the court that it had recorded a recent phone call between
appellant and her son in which appellant said she had told her attorney that she was
hearing voices. The prosecutor stated that appellant’s son paused before responding
“Oh. Got ya.” Appellant then said she “hoped it would help.” The recording of the
call was later played for the court to hear.
The trial court expressed concern, based on the length of time it took appellant
to mention hearing voices and the timing of her disclosure, that she was simply trying
to avoid trial. The court also stated that defense counsel needed to give him “some
basis” for the need for an expert. Appellant was then brought into the courtroom for
questioning.
In response to questions from the bench, appellant informed the court that she
was a college graduate who worked as registered nurse until she was fired for
stealing drugs. Appellant further testified she had been experiencing mental health
problems her entire life, but she never sought treatment until she was in jail.
Appellant stated she had been hearing voices for approximately two and one-half
years, but she conceded she did not inform her counsel of this until a few days earlier.
She said she had previously spoken with one of the jail’s nurse practitioners and told
her that she had been hearing voices.
When the court asked appellant to explain what voices she was hearing,
appellant responded that they were “just random voices telling me to do things.” The
court then asked what kinds of things the voices were telling her to do, and she stated
–3– they were telling her to “hurt people.” Appellant testified that, while she was
working at the daycare center, the voices told her to hurt the children.
During a recess in the hearing, the court obtained appellant’s medical records
from jail. The court then questioned appellant about the fact that, although the
medical records indicated appellant told a nurse practitioner she was hearing voices,
the only voice she reported hearing was her father telling her that she “did a good
job.” Nothing in the records supported her assertion that she was hearing voices
telling her to hurt people. The court stated at the conclusion of the hearing that he
was going review appellant’s medical records further to see if they contained any
information to support her claims of mental illness.
Four days later, the pretrial hearing resumed. The judge stated he had
reviewed appellant’s medical records and confirmed that, despite the fact appellant
spoke with both a psychiatrist and her attorney many times while in jail, she never
reported hearing voices telling her to hurt people until immediately before trial. The
records showed instead that appellant sought treatment for anxiety and depression
and, at one point, she mentioned having hallucinations. Appellant’s request for
expert assistance was denied and her trial began the same day.
A jury found appellant guilty of injury to a child as alleged in the indictment
and sentenced her to ten years in prison. After her motion for new trial was denied,
appellant brought this appeal.
Analysis
–4– In a single issue, appellant contends the trial court erred in denying her request
for expert assistance. The United States Supreme Court has held that due process
entitles an indigent defendant to the appointment of an expert to assist in their
defense when the defendant makes a preliminary showing that the issue for which
they seek expert assistance is “likely to be a significant factor at trial.” Williams v.
State, 958 S.W. 2d 186, 192 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). To make the required threshold
showing, the defendant’s claim must be based upon more than undeveloped
assertions that the requested assistance would be beneficial. Id. Generally, the
defendant’s motion must make the defensive theory clear to the trial court and be
supported by factual allegations or evidence that expert testimony would support the
theory. See Rey v. State, 897 S.W.2d 333, 341 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995); Banda v.
State, No. 05-14-01134-CR, 2016 WL 97532, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Jan. 7, 2016,
no pet.). In cases holding that a sufficient showing was not made, the defendant
typically has failed to provide an explanation as to what the defensive theory was,
why expert assistance would be helpful in establishing that theory, and submit
evidence in support. Rey, 897 S.W.2d at 341; see also Ivie v. State, 407 S.W.3d 305,
311–12 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2013, pet. ref’d). We analyze whether a defendant
made a sufficient threshold showing by examining the facts and arguments before
the trial court at the time of the defendant's motion. Rey, 897 S.W.2d at 342 n.9.
In this case, the only evidence presented to the trial court that appellant
suffered from significant mental illness was appellant’s own testimony in which she
–5– claimed to have heard voices telling her to hurt people. Appellant conceded she did
not mention hearing voices to her counsel until immediately before trial and that her
medical records from jail contradicted her assertion that the voices she allegedly
heard were telling her to hurt people. Appellant’s counsel did not identify any
specific defensive theory for which the expert testimony was being sought. He
simply contended that, if appellant was suffering from mental illness, it might go to
mitigation or some other defensive theory.
A defendant must show more than unsupported assertions and conclusions of
defense counsel that expert assistance is necessary. Norton v. State, 930 S.W.2d
101, 111 (Tex. App.–Amarillo 1996, pet. ref’d). The defendant must show both that
there exists a reasonable probability an expert would be of assistance and that denial
of expert assistance would result in a fundamentally unfair trial. Davis v. State, 905
S.W.2d 655, 659 (Tex. App.–Texarkana 1995, pet. ref’d). A question regarding the
defendant’s sanity must be “one with merit undergirded with evidentiary support.”
Norton, 930 S.W.2d at 111. The law does not require the court to provide the
defendant with an expert to explore possible, unspecified defenses based on an
unsupported, last-minute claim of mental illness.
We conclude the trial court did not err in denying appellant’s motion for
–6– /Amanda L. Reichek/ AMANDA L. REICHEK JUSTICE
Do Not Publish TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b) 191581F.U05
–7– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
JESSICA JOY WIESE, Appellant On Appeal from the 416th Judicial District Court, Collin County, Texas No. 05-19-01581-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. 416-80756- 2019. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Opinion delivered by Justice Reichek. Justices Schenck and Carlyle participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered June 18, 2021
–8–