AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed April 14, 2014.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-13-01031-CR
JERRY PAUL HERRON, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 291st Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F11-40878
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Francis, Lang-Miers, and Lewis Opinion by Justice Lewis A jury found appellant Jerry Paul Herron guilty of possession of one gram or more but
less than four grams of heroin. The trial court assessed his punishment at ten years’
confinement; the court then suspended that sentence, placed appellant on community supervision
for five years, and imposed a fine of $1,000. In this Court, appellant contends the evidence is
insufficient to establish that he possessed the contraband. He also contends the trial court lacked
jurisdiction to hear and render judgment in his case. Because these issues involve the application
of well-settled principles of law, we issue this memorandum opinion. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Background
Appellant’s truck was observed outside a house under surveillance for suspected drug
activity. A detective assigned to the surveillance checked the license plates on the truck and learned the truck’s plates had expired some two years earlier. When appellant left the house, the
detective called for a patrol car to stop appellant for the traffic offense. Officer Richard Berg of
the Mesquite Police Department took charge of the stop. Berg noticed shortly after he arrived
that appellant’s registration sticker did not match the make of the truck or its plates. Appellant
was not carrying a driver’s license when he was stopped, and he initially gave police a false
name and birth date.
When it was determined appellant would be arrested for the traffic violations, Berg patted
appellant down to identify any weapons on appellant’s person. Then Berg searched appellant
more thoroughly, although Berg conceded at trial that—because the search took place in
public—he did not search appellant’s underwear or body cavities. Finally, after a second officer
examined the back seat and floor, appellant was placed in Berg’s patrol car. Berg drove the car
to the police station; appellant remained handcuffed in the back seat with a camera recording him
throughout the trip. When Berg arrived at the station, he turned off the camera and the car.
Appellant remained locked inside the car while Berg stored his weapons in the trunk. 1 Then
appellant was removed from the car and taken inside. Berg searched his patrol car immediately
after appellant was removed. He found a white napkin containing three baggies of black tar
heroin behind the seat’s back rest, directly behind where appellant had been sitting.
Appellant was charged with possession of the heroin and was convicted. He appeals.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
In his first issue, appellant argues the evidence is insufficient to support the jury’s finding
that he possessed the heroin found in the patrol car. In reviewing a challenge to the legal
sufficiency of the evidence, we examine the evidence in the light most favorable to the judgment
1 Berg testified that weapons were not permitted inside the police station, so it was standard procedure to lock them in the trunk of the car when bringing a prisoner to the station.
–2– to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the
offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979). The jury
determines the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Wise v.
State, 364 S.W.3d 900, 903 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). As a reviewing Court, we ensure the
evidence presented supports the jury’s verdict and the State has presented a legally sufficient
case of the offense charged. Montgomery v. State, 369 S.W.3d 188, 192 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012).
To prove unlawful possession of a controlled substance, the State must prove that (1) the accused
exercised control, management, or care over the substance, and (2) the accused knew the matter
possessed was contraband. Poindexter v. State, 153 S.W.3d 402, 405 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). If
the accused is not in exclusive possession of the place where the contraband is found, the State
must provide independent facts and circumstances that link the accused to that contraband. Id. at
406.
In this case, Officer Berg provided some of those independent facts and circumstances
necessary to link appellant to the heroin. He testified that every day when he begins his shift he
carefully searches the patrol car assigned to him for that day. His search includes removing the
unbolted back seat and pulling on the back rest to release anything that could be pushed up under
it. Berg testified he searched his vehicle in this manner when his shift began that day. He also
testified that no one else rode in the back seat of the car that day before appellant did.
The State also introduced the video recording from the back-seat camera in Berg’s patrol
car. Initially, the video shows an officer checking the back seat and floor of the car. Then the
video records appellant in the back seat of the car from the time he was arrested and placed there
until the car arrived at the police station. On two different occasions, the video shows appellant
leaning far forward, purportedly to talk to Berg while the latter was driving. On both occasions,
appellant’s leaning forward is accompanied by movement of his arms and hands behind him. In
–3– the second instance, appellant clearly leans his body to one side before he sits back and visibly
shifts his weight. The video was analyzed by both Berg and defendant’s expert, R.D. Lewis.
Both Berg and Lewis testified they could not identify on the video a specific point in time when
appellant clearly deposited the heroin in the seat. But both also agreed appellant’s leaning
forward could have been intended to distract Berg, and both remarked on movement of
appellant’s hands. It is also undisputed that appellant was alone in the patrol car while Berg was
storing weapons in the car’s trunk. During that period of time, the camera was not recording,
and both Berg and Lewis conceded that appellant could have deposited the drugs during that
period of time.
After viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude a
rational jury could find beyond a reasonable doubt that the State presented sufficient evidence
affirmatively linking appellant to the heroin in the patrol car. See Williams v. State, 784 S.W.2d
428, 429–30 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). Therefore, we conclude the evidence is sufficient to
support the jury’s finding that appellant possessed the heroin. We decide appellant’s first issue
against him.
Jurisdiction
In his second issue, appellant contends the trial court lacked jurisdiction over this case
because it was not transferred to the trial court’s docket. A grand jury was impaneled by the
194th Judicial District Court in Dallas County. The indictment was returned to the 291st Judicial
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AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed April 14, 2014.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-13-01031-CR
JERRY PAUL HERRON, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 291st Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F11-40878
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Francis, Lang-Miers, and Lewis Opinion by Justice Lewis A jury found appellant Jerry Paul Herron guilty of possession of one gram or more but
less than four grams of heroin. The trial court assessed his punishment at ten years’
confinement; the court then suspended that sentence, placed appellant on community supervision
for five years, and imposed a fine of $1,000. In this Court, appellant contends the evidence is
insufficient to establish that he possessed the contraband. He also contends the trial court lacked
jurisdiction to hear and render judgment in his case. Because these issues involve the application
of well-settled principles of law, we issue this memorandum opinion. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Background
Appellant’s truck was observed outside a house under surveillance for suspected drug
activity. A detective assigned to the surveillance checked the license plates on the truck and learned the truck’s plates had expired some two years earlier. When appellant left the house, the
detective called for a patrol car to stop appellant for the traffic offense. Officer Richard Berg of
the Mesquite Police Department took charge of the stop. Berg noticed shortly after he arrived
that appellant’s registration sticker did not match the make of the truck or its plates. Appellant
was not carrying a driver’s license when he was stopped, and he initially gave police a false
name and birth date.
When it was determined appellant would be arrested for the traffic violations, Berg patted
appellant down to identify any weapons on appellant’s person. Then Berg searched appellant
more thoroughly, although Berg conceded at trial that—because the search took place in
public—he did not search appellant’s underwear or body cavities. Finally, after a second officer
examined the back seat and floor, appellant was placed in Berg’s patrol car. Berg drove the car
to the police station; appellant remained handcuffed in the back seat with a camera recording him
throughout the trip. When Berg arrived at the station, he turned off the camera and the car.
Appellant remained locked inside the car while Berg stored his weapons in the trunk. 1 Then
appellant was removed from the car and taken inside. Berg searched his patrol car immediately
after appellant was removed. He found a white napkin containing three baggies of black tar
heroin behind the seat’s back rest, directly behind where appellant had been sitting.
Appellant was charged with possession of the heroin and was convicted. He appeals.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
In his first issue, appellant argues the evidence is insufficient to support the jury’s finding
that he possessed the heroin found in the patrol car. In reviewing a challenge to the legal
sufficiency of the evidence, we examine the evidence in the light most favorable to the judgment
1 Berg testified that weapons were not permitted inside the police station, so it was standard procedure to lock them in the trunk of the car when bringing a prisoner to the station.
–2– to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the
offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979). The jury
determines the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Wise v.
State, 364 S.W.3d 900, 903 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). As a reviewing Court, we ensure the
evidence presented supports the jury’s verdict and the State has presented a legally sufficient
case of the offense charged. Montgomery v. State, 369 S.W.3d 188, 192 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012).
To prove unlawful possession of a controlled substance, the State must prove that (1) the accused
exercised control, management, or care over the substance, and (2) the accused knew the matter
possessed was contraband. Poindexter v. State, 153 S.W.3d 402, 405 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). If
the accused is not in exclusive possession of the place where the contraband is found, the State
must provide independent facts and circumstances that link the accused to that contraband. Id. at
406.
In this case, Officer Berg provided some of those independent facts and circumstances
necessary to link appellant to the heroin. He testified that every day when he begins his shift he
carefully searches the patrol car assigned to him for that day. His search includes removing the
unbolted back seat and pulling on the back rest to release anything that could be pushed up under
it. Berg testified he searched his vehicle in this manner when his shift began that day. He also
testified that no one else rode in the back seat of the car that day before appellant did.
The State also introduced the video recording from the back-seat camera in Berg’s patrol
car. Initially, the video shows an officer checking the back seat and floor of the car. Then the
video records appellant in the back seat of the car from the time he was arrested and placed there
until the car arrived at the police station. On two different occasions, the video shows appellant
leaning far forward, purportedly to talk to Berg while the latter was driving. On both occasions,
appellant’s leaning forward is accompanied by movement of his arms and hands behind him. In
–3– the second instance, appellant clearly leans his body to one side before he sits back and visibly
shifts his weight. The video was analyzed by both Berg and defendant’s expert, R.D. Lewis.
Both Berg and Lewis testified they could not identify on the video a specific point in time when
appellant clearly deposited the heroin in the seat. But both also agreed appellant’s leaning
forward could have been intended to distract Berg, and both remarked on movement of
appellant’s hands. It is also undisputed that appellant was alone in the patrol car while Berg was
storing weapons in the car’s trunk. During that period of time, the camera was not recording,
and both Berg and Lewis conceded that appellant could have deposited the drugs during that
period of time.
After viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude a
rational jury could find beyond a reasonable doubt that the State presented sufficient evidence
affirmatively linking appellant to the heroin in the patrol car. See Williams v. State, 784 S.W.2d
428, 429–30 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). Therefore, we conclude the evidence is sufficient to
support the jury’s finding that appellant possessed the heroin. We decide appellant’s first issue
against him.
Jurisdiction
In his second issue, appellant contends the trial court lacked jurisdiction over this case
because it was not transferred to the trial court’s docket. A grand jury was impaneled by the
194th Judicial District Court in Dallas County. The indictment was returned to the 291st Judicial
District Court, where the case was adjudicated. Appellant argues that, because the record does
not include a transfer order to the 291st Judicial District Court, the trial court never obtained
jurisdiction over the case, and the judgment is therefore void.
A grand jury formed and impaneled by a district judge inquires into all offenses liable to
indictment, and hears all the testimony available before voting on whether to indict an accused.
–4– TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. arts. 20.09, 20.19 (West 2005). After the conclusion of testimony,
a grand jury votes “as to the presentment of an indictment.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
20.19. Following presentment, an indictment is filed in a court with jurisdiction to hear the case.
Bourque v. State, 156 S.W.3d 675, 678 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, pet. ref’d).
In counties having two or more district courts, the judges of the courts may adopt rules
governing the filing, numbering, and assignment of cases for trial, and making whatever
distribution of the courts’ work the judges consider necessary or desirable for the conduct of the
business of the courts. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 24.024 (West Supp. 2013). Thus, although a
specific district court may impanel a grand jury, all cases returned by that grand jury are not
necessarily assigned to the impanelling court. Bourque, 156 S.W.3d at 678.
Here, the record shows the grand jury was impaneled by the 194th Judicial District Court.
Following the return of appellant’s indictment, the case was filed in the 291st Judicial District
Court. Nothing in the record indicates this case was originally filed in or appeared on the trial
docket of the 194th Judicial District Court. To the contrary, the record establishes that when
appellant made his initial appearance at which bail was set, all felony charges associated with
his arrest were assigned to the 291st Judicial District Court. We conclude a transfer order to that
court was not required. We decide appellant’s second issue against him.
Conclusion
/David Lewis/ DAVID LEWIS Do Not Publish JUSTICE TEX. R. APP. P. 47
131031F.U05 –5– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
JERRY PAUL HERRON, Appellant On Appeal from the 291st Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-13-01031-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F11-40878. Opinion delivered by Justice Lewis. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices Francis and Lang-Miers participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 14th day of April, 2014.
/David Lewis/ DAVID LEWIS JUSTICE
–6–