COURT OF APPEALS EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS EL PASO, TEXAS
§ JEROME GORDON, No. 08-07-00281-CR § Appellant, Appeal from § v. 195th District Court § THE STATE OF TEXAS, of Dallas County, Texas § Appellee. (TC # F-0747797-N) §
OPINION
Jerome Gordon appeals his conviction of possession of more than one gram but less than four
grams of cocaine with intent to deliver, enhanced by a prior felony conviction. Appellant entered
a plea of guilty before the jury and the trial court conducted a unitary proceeding to determine both
guilt and punishment. TEX .CODE CRIM .PROC.ANN . art. 26.14 (Vernon 2009); see Frame v. State,
615 S.W.2d 766, 767 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981). The jury found Appellant guilty, found the
enhancement paragraph true, and assessed his punishment at imprisonment for a term of seventeen
years. We affirm.
FACTUAL SUMMARY
Prior to voir dire, Appellant pled guilty to the indictment and true to the enhancement
paragraph. The court admonished Appellant that the range of punishment was imprisonment for a
minimum term of five years up to a life sentence or 99 years. Appellant understood the range of
punishment that would be available to the jury and he also understood that he was not eligible for
probation. The court also admonished Appellant regarding the consequences of pleading guilty
before the jury. Appellant assured the court that he understood the consequences. The court accepted Appellant’s guilty plea and plea of true, finding they were knowingly and voluntarily made.
Still outside the jury’s presence, the State offered into evidence State’s Exhibit 1 which is a written
document containing Appellant’s judicial confession, stipulation of evidence, and plea of true to the
enhancement paragraph. The trial court admitted State’s Exhibit 1. The court then proceeded with
voir dire and a jury was selected. Appellant entered his pleas before the jury.
The State also introduced evidence relevant to punishment. Gerardo Huante, a Dallas police
officer, was assigned to the Narcotics Division Street Squad which deals with street level drugs and
narcotics. The Street Squad generally works undercover and responds to complaints from citizens
about drugs. In response to a citizen complaint, Huante went to an apartment complex in Dallas in
January 2007. Appellant approached Huante in the parking lot and asked him what he was looking
for. Huante understood that Appellant wanted to know what kind of drugs he wanted to buy, and
he replied, “crack.” Appellant sold crack cocaine to Huante. Approximately one week later, Huante
and another officer went back to the apartment complex and saw Appellant standing in front of an
apartment door while another individual was selling drugs. Appellant was “controlling” the door,
meaning that he determined who went into the apartment to purchase drugs. Huante did not buy
drugs from Appellant on that occasion but the officer who was with him obtained a search warrant
for the apartment. Officer Barry Ragsdale, along with other officers, participated in the execution
of the search warrant. They found Appellant and a woman sitting on a couch in the apartment. The
police seized 2.7 grams of crack cocaine and some marihuana. The crack cocaine was not a single
rock but had been cut up in smaller pieces so that it could be re-sold.
In addition to State’s Exhibit 1, the State introduced several exhibits showing Appellant’s
prior criminal convictions, including the conviction alleged in the enhancement paragraph.
Appellant had three convictions of evading arrest. He had been convicted of possession of cocaine in 2000 and 2001. He had also been convicted of possession of cocaine with intent to deliver in
2005.
The jury found Appellant guilty, found the enhancement paragraph true, and assessed his
punishment at imprisonment for seventeen years. This appeal follows.
FACTUAL SUFFICIENCY
In Point of Error One, Appellant challenges the factual sufficiency of the evidence to support
his conviction. The entry of a valid guilty plea has the effect of admitting all material facts alleged
in the formal criminal charge. Ex parte Williams, 703 S.W.2d 674, 682 (Tex.Crim.App. 1986);
McGill v. State, 200 S.W.3d 325, 330 (Tex.App.--Dallas 2006, no pet.). The State is no longer
required to prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. See id.; McGill, 200 S.W.3d at 330. When
a defendant waives his right to a jury trial and chooses to plead guilty or nolo contendere, the State
must introduce sufficient evidence to support the guilty verdict. TEX .CODE CRIM .PROC.ANN . art.
1.15 (Vernon 2005). This statute does not apply when the defendant enters a plea of guilty to a
felony case before the jury. In felony cases, a plea of guilty before the jury admits the existence of
all necessary elements to establish guilt, and in such cases, the introduction of testimony by the State
is to enable the jury to intelligently exercise the discretion which the law vests in them touching the
penalty to be assessed. Ex parte Martin, 747 S.W.2d 789, 791 (Tex.Crim.App. 1988). Appellant
is not entitled to factual sufficiency review of the evidence supporting his conviction because his
plea of guilty had the effect of admitting all necessary elements to establish guilt and relieving the
State of its burden of proof. Even if Article 1.15 applied in this case, the State introduced into
evidence Appellant’s judicial confession wherein Appellant admitted that he had intentionally and
knowingly possessed with intent to deliver cocaine in the amount of more than one gram but less
than four grams. Point of Error One is overruled. WITHDRAWAL OF GUILTY PLEA
In Point of Error Two, Appellant asserts that the trial court should have, on its own motion,
withdrawn the guilty plea because evidence was introduced which cast doubt on Appellant’s guilt.
He cites Griffin v. State, 703 S.W.2d 193 (Tex.Crim.App. 1986) in support of his argument. Griffin
holds that when the defendant enters a guilty plea before a jury and evidence is introduced which
reasonably and fairly raises an issue as to the innocence of the accused, and the evidence is not
withdrawn, the defendant’s guilty plea must be withdrawn and a plea of not guilty must be sua
sponte entered by the court. Id. at 195. More recently, the Court of Criminal Appeals has held that
while a defendant has a right to change his plea of guilty to not guilty when evidence is introduced
in a jury trial that is inconsistent with guilt, the trial court has no duty to change the plea on its own
motion. Mendez v. State, 138 S.W.3d 334, 350 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004). Instead, the defendant
must make a timely request1 to withdraw his guilty plea. Id. Appellant did not move to
withdraw his guilty plea at any time during the proceedings below. Therefore, his complaint is
without merit. Point of Error Two is overruled.
CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT
In Points of Error Three and Four, Appellant argues that his sentence violates his right to be
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COURT OF APPEALS EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS EL PASO, TEXAS
§ JEROME GORDON, No. 08-07-00281-CR § Appellant, Appeal from § v. 195th District Court § THE STATE OF TEXAS, of Dallas County, Texas § Appellee. (TC # F-0747797-N) §
OPINION
Jerome Gordon appeals his conviction of possession of more than one gram but less than four
grams of cocaine with intent to deliver, enhanced by a prior felony conviction. Appellant entered
a plea of guilty before the jury and the trial court conducted a unitary proceeding to determine both
guilt and punishment. TEX .CODE CRIM .PROC.ANN . art. 26.14 (Vernon 2009); see Frame v. State,
615 S.W.2d 766, 767 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981). The jury found Appellant guilty, found the
enhancement paragraph true, and assessed his punishment at imprisonment for a term of seventeen
years. We affirm.
FACTUAL SUMMARY
Prior to voir dire, Appellant pled guilty to the indictment and true to the enhancement
paragraph. The court admonished Appellant that the range of punishment was imprisonment for a
minimum term of five years up to a life sentence or 99 years. Appellant understood the range of
punishment that would be available to the jury and he also understood that he was not eligible for
probation. The court also admonished Appellant regarding the consequences of pleading guilty
before the jury. Appellant assured the court that he understood the consequences. The court accepted Appellant’s guilty plea and plea of true, finding they were knowingly and voluntarily made.
Still outside the jury’s presence, the State offered into evidence State’s Exhibit 1 which is a written
document containing Appellant’s judicial confession, stipulation of evidence, and plea of true to the
enhancement paragraph. The trial court admitted State’s Exhibit 1. The court then proceeded with
voir dire and a jury was selected. Appellant entered his pleas before the jury.
The State also introduced evidence relevant to punishment. Gerardo Huante, a Dallas police
officer, was assigned to the Narcotics Division Street Squad which deals with street level drugs and
narcotics. The Street Squad generally works undercover and responds to complaints from citizens
about drugs. In response to a citizen complaint, Huante went to an apartment complex in Dallas in
January 2007. Appellant approached Huante in the parking lot and asked him what he was looking
for. Huante understood that Appellant wanted to know what kind of drugs he wanted to buy, and
he replied, “crack.” Appellant sold crack cocaine to Huante. Approximately one week later, Huante
and another officer went back to the apartment complex and saw Appellant standing in front of an
apartment door while another individual was selling drugs. Appellant was “controlling” the door,
meaning that he determined who went into the apartment to purchase drugs. Huante did not buy
drugs from Appellant on that occasion but the officer who was with him obtained a search warrant
for the apartment. Officer Barry Ragsdale, along with other officers, participated in the execution
of the search warrant. They found Appellant and a woman sitting on a couch in the apartment. The
police seized 2.7 grams of crack cocaine and some marihuana. The crack cocaine was not a single
rock but had been cut up in smaller pieces so that it could be re-sold.
In addition to State’s Exhibit 1, the State introduced several exhibits showing Appellant’s
prior criminal convictions, including the conviction alleged in the enhancement paragraph.
Appellant had three convictions of evading arrest. He had been convicted of possession of cocaine in 2000 and 2001. He had also been convicted of possession of cocaine with intent to deliver in
2005.
The jury found Appellant guilty, found the enhancement paragraph true, and assessed his
punishment at imprisonment for seventeen years. This appeal follows.
FACTUAL SUFFICIENCY
In Point of Error One, Appellant challenges the factual sufficiency of the evidence to support
his conviction. The entry of a valid guilty plea has the effect of admitting all material facts alleged
in the formal criminal charge. Ex parte Williams, 703 S.W.2d 674, 682 (Tex.Crim.App. 1986);
McGill v. State, 200 S.W.3d 325, 330 (Tex.App.--Dallas 2006, no pet.). The State is no longer
required to prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. See id.; McGill, 200 S.W.3d at 330. When
a defendant waives his right to a jury trial and chooses to plead guilty or nolo contendere, the State
must introduce sufficient evidence to support the guilty verdict. TEX .CODE CRIM .PROC.ANN . art.
1.15 (Vernon 2005). This statute does not apply when the defendant enters a plea of guilty to a
felony case before the jury. In felony cases, a plea of guilty before the jury admits the existence of
all necessary elements to establish guilt, and in such cases, the introduction of testimony by the State
is to enable the jury to intelligently exercise the discretion which the law vests in them touching the
penalty to be assessed. Ex parte Martin, 747 S.W.2d 789, 791 (Tex.Crim.App. 1988). Appellant
is not entitled to factual sufficiency review of the evidence supporting his conviction because his
plea of guilty had the effect of admitting all necessary elements to establish guilt and relieving the
State of its burden of proof. Even if Article 1.15 applied in this case, the State introduced into
evidence Appellant’s judicial confession wherein Appellant admitted that he had intentionally and
knowingly possessed with intent to deliver cocaine in the amount of more than one gram but less
than four grams. Point of Error One is overruled. WITHDRAWAL OF GUILTY PLEA
In Point of Error Two, Appellant asserts that the trial court should have, on its own motion,
withdrawn the guilty plea because evidence was introduced which cast doubt on Appellant’s guilt.
He cites Griffin v. State, 703 S.W.2d 193 (Tex.Crim.App. 1986) in support of his argument. Griffin
holds that when the defendant enters a guilty plea before a jury and evidence is introduced which
reasonably and fairly raises an issue as to the innocence of the accused, and the evidence is not
withdrawn, the defendant’s guilty plea must be withdrawn and a plea of not guilty must be sua
sponte entered by the court. Id. at 195. More recently, the Court of Criminal Appeals has held that
while a defendant has a right to change his plea of guilty to not guilty when evidence is introduced
in a jury trial that is inconsistent with guilt, the trial court has no duty to change the plea on its own
motion. Mendez v. State, 138 S.W.3d 334, 350 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004). Instead, the defendant
must make a timely request1 to withdraw his guilty plea. Id. Appellant did not move to
withdraw his guilty plea at any time during the proceedings below. Therefore, his complaint is
without merit. Point of Error Two is overruled.
CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT
In Points of Error Three and Four, Appellant argues that his sentence violates his right to be
free from cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment of the United States
Constitution and Article I, §19 of the Texas Constitution because the sentence is grossly
disproportionate to the offense. Appellant’s brief does not contain any argument or authority related
to the protection provided by the Texas Constitution or explaining how that protection differs from
1 In a trial before a jury, the defendant may change the plea from guilty to not guilty at any time before the jury retires to deliberate its verdict. McWherter v. State, 571 S.W .2d 312 (Tex.Crim.App. 1978). the protection provided by the United States Constitution. State and federal constitutional claims
should be argued in separate grounds, with separate substantive analysis or argument provided for
each ground. Muniz v. State, 851 S.W.2d 238, 251-52 (Tex.Crim.App. 1993); Heitman v. State, 815
S.W.2d 681, 690-91 n.23 (Tex.Crim.App. 1991). Because Appellant has inadequately briefed the
issue related to Article I, §19, nothing is presented for our review. See Muniz, 851 S.W.2d at 251-
52; TEX .R.APP .P. 38.1(h).
Turning to the Eighth Amendment issue, we note Appellant did not object when the court
imposed sentence nor did he raise the issue in a motion for new trial. As a prerequisite to presenting
a complaint for appellate review, the record must show that the complaint was made to the trial court
by a timely request, objection, or motion that stated the grounds for the ruling sought with sufficient
specificity to make the trial court aware of the complaint unless the grounds were apparent from the
context. TEX .R.APP .P. 33.1(a)(1). This requirement applies to a complaint that a sentence is grossly
disproportionate and violates the defendant’s constitutional right to be free from cruel and unusual
punishment. See Noland v. State, 264 S.W.3d 144, 151-52 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet.
ref’d); Wynn v. State, 219 S.W.3d 54, 61 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, no pet.); see also
Mercado v. State, 718 S.W.2d 291, 296 (Tex.Crim.App. 1986)(defendant may not assert error
pertaining to his sentence or punishment when he failed to object or otherwise raise such error in the
trial court). Points of Error Three and Four are overruled. The judgment of the trial court is
affirmed.
December 22, 2009 ANN CRAWFORD McCLURE, Justice
Before Chew, C.J., McClure, and Rivera, JJ.
(Do Not Publish)