Jermel Pope v. Janet Perdue

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedMay 3, 2018
Docket16-4217
StatusPublished

This text of Jermel Pope v. Janet Perdue (Jermel Pope v. Janet Perdue) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Jermel Pope v. Janet Perdue, (7th Cir. 2018).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 16‐4217 JERMEL POPE, Petitioner‐Appellant,

v.

JANET PERDUE, Respondent‐Appellee. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois. No. 14‐cv‐01393 — Sara Darrow, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED NOVEMBER 29, 2017 — DECIDED MAY 3, 2018 ____________________

Before WOOD, Chief Judge, and RIPPLE and KANNE, Circuit Judges. KANNE, Circuit Judge. Various statutes vest the Federal Bu‐ reau of Prisons (“BOP”) with the authority to make decisions that affect aspects of a federal inmate’s sentence. In Jermel Pope’s case, the BOP used its authority to prolong his federal sentence. Pope argues that the BOP erroneously wielded that authority and asks that we reconsider the BOP decisions that 2 No. 16‐4217

extended his sentence. Pope has completed his term of impris‐ onment and is now serving a period of federal supervised re‐ lease, so we must also consider whether Pope’s habeas corpus petition is now moot because he is no longer housed in a fed‐ eral corrections facility. I. BACKGROUND On February 8, 2008, Illinois state authorities arrested Jer‐ mel Pope and charged him with pandering in violation of Il‐ linois law. While his state case was pending, a federal grand jury returned an indictment against him for violating the fed‐ eral equivalent of the state pandering law. Both the state and federal charges stemmed from the same events. Pope bounced back and forth between state and federal facilities in order to appear in both the state and federal pro‐ ceedings. These transfers were always conducted under a writ of habeas corpus ad prosequendum. Using this writ, a sover‐ eign may take temporary custody of a prisoner in the custody of another sovereign, for the purpose of prosecution, without acquiring primary custody. On June 10, 2009, a federal court sentenced Pope to 100 months’ imprisonment on the federal offense. And a few months later, on August 24, 2009, an Illinois court sentenced him to five years’ imprisonment on the state charge. Then on August 31, 2009—shortly after the imposition of his state sentence and over two months after the imposition of his federal sentence—Pope was moved from an Illinois fa‐ cility and housed in a federal correctional center. Two hun‐ dred and sixty‐eight days later, on May 25, 2010, Pope was returned to a state facility. These post‐sentencing changes of No. 16‐4217 3

custody were not accompanied by a writ of habeas corpus ad prosequendum. Having returned to a state facility on May 25, 2010, Pope then remained at the state facility for the duration of his state sentence. On August 6, 2010—two years and six months after his arrest—Illinois paroled Pope. That same day Pope was turned over to federal authorities. Notwithstanding the fact that the BOP had previously ex‐ ercised custody over Pope from August 31, 2009, to May 25, 2010, the BOP calculated the start date of his federal sentence as August 6, 2010. The BOP also refused to give Pope credit for time served that had already been credited to his state sen‐ tence. Later, it also denied Pope’s request that the BOP retro‐ actively designate the Illinois prison where he served his state sentence as his place of imprisonment for his federal sentence. This retroactive designation would have, in effect, run Pope’s federal sentence concurrently with his state sentence. Pope’s challenges to the BOP’s decisions have dragged on for years. After exhausting his administrative remedies, Pope filed this habeas corpus petition on September 29, 2014. Five months later, the district court ordered the Government to show cause why Pope’s writ should not be granted. In April 2015, the Government filed its response. It was not until July 2016—21 months after Pope filed the petition we now review, and 14 months after the Government filed its response—that the district court returned to Pope’s petition. It granted the petition in part, ordering the BOP to credit Pope 30 days. It denied all but one of Pope’s additional claims. Because the Government had failed to respond to the 4 No. 16‐4217

substance of that final claim, the district court gave the Gov‐ ernment additional time to respond. Finally, on December 13, 2016—over two years after Pope filed initially—the district court denied the remainder of his petition. Pope appealed. This Court set a briefing schedule to be completed on September 13, 2017, and scheduled oral argu‐ ment for November 29, 2017. On November 24, 2017, the BOP released Pope to begin serving his term of supervised release. Then, two days before oral argument, the Government moved to dismiss this case as moot. We now address that motion, as well as the merits of Pope’s 28 U.S.C. § 2241 petition, which we review de novo, Brown v. Caraway, 719 F.3d 583, 586 (7th Cir. 2013). II. ANALYSIS This appeal stems from the BOP’s position that Pope should serve his federal sentence consecutively rather than concurrently with his state sentence. To ensure that end, the BOP commenced Pope’s federal sentence only after he was pa‐ roled by Illinois despite the fact that Pope had already spent months in a BOP facility. It also denied his request for a retro‐ active designation. Finally, it denied him time‐served credit against his federal sentence for time Illinois counted towards his state sentence. On appeal, Pope challenges each of these decisions. The Government contests the merits of Pope’s claims and argues that Pope’s case is now moot because he has been released from prison. Our analysis proceeds in two parts. We first address moot‐ ness, concluding that Pope’s petition is live. We then turn to No. 16‐4217 5

the merits. There, we conclude the BOP held Pope in prison for too long. A. Pope’s release from prison does not render his claim moot. The heavy burden of demonstrating mootness lies with the party asserting it. Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc., 528 U.S. 167, 189 (2000). When a former in‐ mate still serving a term of supervised release challenges the length or computation of his sentence, his case is not moot so long as he could obtain “any potential benefit” from a favor‐ able decision. United States v. Trotter, 270 F.3d 1150, 1152 (7th Cir. 2001) (“Unless we are confident that [the former inmate] cannot benefit from success on appeal, the case is not moot.”).1 The Government cannot meet this heavy burden because Pope can benefit from success on appeal. It is true that a find‐ ing that Pope spent too much time in prison would not auto‐ matically entitle him to less supervised release. United States v. Johnson, 529 U.S. 53, 59–60 (2000). Nevertheless, such a find‐ ing would carry “great weight” in a § 3583(e) motion to re‐ duce Pope’s term. Id. at 60. This is enough. See United States v. Epps, 707 F.3d 337, 345 (D.C. Cir. 2013); Mujahid v. Daniels, 413 F.3d 991, 994–95 (9th Cir. 2005). The Government nonetheless contends that Pope has nothing to gain on remand because he initially received a term of supervised release below the mandatory minimum. This argument fails because it collapses the statutory requirements

1 The Government’s reliance on Spencer v. Kemna’s mootness standard

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Jermel Pope v. Janet Perdue, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/jermel-pope-v-janet-perdue-ca7-2018.