MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Feb 28 2019, 10:02 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Valerie K. Boots Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Matthew W. Anglemeyer Attorney General of Indiana Marion County Public Defender Agency Marjorie Lawyer-Smith Appellate Division Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Jeremy Roberts, February 28, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-CR-1184 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Appellee-Plaintiff. Christina R. Klineman, Judge
The Honorable Marshelle Dawkins Broadwell, Magistrate Trial Court Cause No. 49G17-1712-F6-47049
Kirsch, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 1 of 7 [1] Jeremy Roberts (“Roberts”) appeals his conviction for Level 6 felony invasion
of privacy,1 raising the following issue: whether the State presented sufficient
evidence to prove that Roberts had a prior unrelated conviction for invasion of
privacy, which was necessary to support a Level 6 felony invasion of privacy
sentence enhancement.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] On December 5, 2017, the State charged Roberts with a two-part information,
alleging: (1) invasion of privacy as a Class A misdemeanor for violating a
protective order issued under Indiana Code chapter 34-26-5; and (2) a Level 6
felony enhancement of invasion of privacy based on a prior unrelated invasion
of privacy conviction. The trial court conducted a bifurcated jury trial on April
12, 2018, and in the first phase, the jury found Roberts guilty of Class A
misdemeanor invasion of privacy.
[4] During the enhancement phase of trial, the State offered three exhibits. State’s
Exhibits 7 and 9 were admitted without objection. Exhibit 7 was a card with
Roberts’s thumbprint, which had been created for the bifurcated trial. State’s
Ex. 7; Tr. Vol. II at 198-99. Exhibit 9 was comprised of the arrest sheet,
charging information, and sentencing order for “Jeremy Richard Roberts,” all
1 See Ind. Code § 35-46-1-15.1.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 2 of 7 of which pertained to an invasion of privacy offense committed on December
13, 2013, in cause number 48C01-1402-CM-323 (“Cause No. 323”). State’s Ex.
9; Tr. Vol. II at 194.
[5] Roberts, however, did object to the admission of State’s Exhibit 8, which was a
five-page exhibit2 containing: (1) a cover letter from the custodian of records for
the Indiana State Police; (2) three fingerprint cards for Roberts, which were
prepared in 2013; and (3) a card reflecting that Roberts’s fingerprints had been
prepared on December 13, 2013 in connection with his arrest for invasion of
privacy committed that same day. While Roberts admitted that his fingerprints
were taken on December 13, 2013, the same day the invasion of privacy offense
was committed, Roberts argued that there was nothing to connect the 2013
fingerprints in Exhibit 8 to Exhibit 9’s 2013 arrest sheet, charging information,
and sentencing order for Cause No. 323. Tr. Vol. II at 184-86.
[6] The State countered that Exhibit 8 contained not only the fingerprint cards but
also “the date of arrest and the charge of invasion of privacy.” Id. at 186. The
State maintained that the “link . . . is that the date of the arrest and the charge
will match our charging information and his name as well.” Id. Agreeing with
the State, the trial court overruled Roberts’s objection and admitted Exhibit 8,
2 In his reply brief, Roberts contends that State’s Exhibit 8 is only three pages long. Appellant’s Reply Br. at 4. The copy of State’s Exhibit 8 in the record before us is five pages long.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 3 of 7 concluding that the evidence “goes to weight and it’s going to be an argument
for the trier of fact.” Id.
[7] A fingerprint examiner testified that Roberts’s fingerprint, which was taken on
the day of the 2018 trial, matched the 2013 fingerprint card in Exhibit 8. Based
on this evidence, the jury found Roberts guilty of the Level 6 felony
enhancement. On April 26, 2018, the trial court sentenced Roberts to two and
one-half years executed in the Indiana Department of Correction. He now
appeals the felony conviction.
Discussion and Decision [8] Roberts contends that the evidence was insufficient to sustain his conviction for
Level 6 felony invasion of privacy. When reviewing sufficiency of the evidence
claims, we do not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses.
Ericksen v. State, 68 N.E.3d 597, 600 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017), trans. denied.
“Rather, we look to the evidence and reasonable inferences drawn therefrom
that support the verdict and will affirm the conviction if there is probative
evidence from which a reasonable jury could have found the defendant guilty
beyond a reasonable doubt.” Stewart v. State, 768 N.E.2d 433, 435 (Ind. 2002).
[9] Roberts was found guilty of invasion of privacy as a Level 6 felony, which is
defined in relevant part as:
(a) A person who knowingly or intentionally violates:
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 4 of 7 (1) a protective order to prevent domestic or family violence issued under IC 34-26-5 (or, if the order involved a family or household member, under IC 34-26-2 or IC 34-4-5.1-5 before their repeal);
....
commits invasion of privacy, a Class A misdemeanor. However, the offense is a Level 6 felony if the person has a prior unrelated conviction for an offense under this subsection.
Ind. Code § 35-46-1-15.1 (footnote omitted). Roberts does not challenge the
phase one verdict of the jury, which found him guilty of invasion of privacy.
Instead, he contends that the evidence presented by the State in phase two was
insufficient to prove a prior unrelated conviction to support the Level 6 felony
enhancement. Appellant’s Br. at 8.
[10] During the second part of the bifurcated trial, the State admitted into evidence
Exhibits 7 and 9. Exhibit 7 was a card with Roberts’s fingerprint taken on the
day of the 2018 trial. Exhibit 9 was the arrest sheet, charging information, and
sentencing order pertaining to Cause No. 323. That charging information
alleged that “Jeremy Richard Roberts” had committed Class A misdemeanor
invasion of privacy for having violated a no contact order issued as a condition
of pre-trial release. State’s Ex. 9. Cause No. 323’s information and arrest sheet
referenced that the defendant was born May 26, 1980, the offense was invasion
of privacy, the offense was committed on December 13, 2013, and Officer
Joshua Blake was the arresting officer. Id.
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Feb 28 2019, 10:02 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Valerie K. Boots Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Matthew W. Anglemeyer Attorney General of Indiana Marion County Public Defender Agency Marjorie Lawyer-Smith Appellate Division Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Jeremy Roberts, February 28, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-CR-1184 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Appellee-Plaintiff. Christina R. Klineman, Judge
The Honorable Marshelle Dawkins Broadwell, Magistrate Trial Court Cause No. 49G17-1712-F6-47049
Kirsch, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 1 of 7 [1] Jeremy Roberts (“Roberts”) appeals his conviction for Level 6 felony invasion
of privacy,1 raising the following issue: whether the State presented sufficient
evidence to prove that Roberts had a prior unrelated conviction for invasion of
privacy, which was necessary to support a Level 6 felony invasion of privacy
sentence enhancement.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] On December 5, 2017, the State charged Roberts with a two-part information,
alleging: (1) invasion of privacy as a Class A misdemeanor for violating a
protective order issued under Indiana Code chapter 34-26-5; and (2) a Level 6
felony enhancement of invasion of privacy based on a prior unrelated invasion
of privacy conviction. The trial court conducted a bifurcated jury trial on April
12, 2018, and in the first phase, the jury found Roberts guilty of Class A
misdemeanor invasion of privacy.
[4] During the enhancement phase of trial, the State offered three exhibits. State’s
Exhibits 7 and 9 were admitted without objection. Exhibit 7 was a card with
Roberts’s thumbprint, which had been created for the bifurcated trial. State’s
Ex. 7; Tr. Vol. II at 198-99. Exhibit 9 was comprised of the arrest sheet,
charging information, and sentencing order for “Jeremy Richard Roberts,” all
1 See Ind. Code § 35-46-1-15.1.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 2 of 7 of which pertained to an invasion of privacy offense committed on December
13, 2013, in cause number 48C01-1402-CM-323 (“Cause No. 323”). State’s Ex.
9; Tr. Vol. II at 194.
[5] Roberts, however, did object to the admission of State’s Exhibit 8, which was a
five-page exhibit2 containing: (1) a cover letter from the custodian of records for
the Indiana State Police; (2) three fingerprint cards for Roberts, which were
prepared in 2013; and (3) a card reflecting that Roberts’s fingerprints had been
prepared on December 13, 2013 in connection with his arrest for invasion of
privacy committed that same day. While Roberts admitted that his fingerprints
were taken on December 13, 2013, the same day the invasion of privacy offense
was committed, Roberts argued that there was nothing to connect the 2013
fingerprints in Exhibit 8 to Exhibit 9’s 2013 arrest sheet, charging information,
and sentencing order for Cause No. 323. Tr. Vol. II at 184-86.
[6] The State countered that Exhibit 8 contained not only the fingerprint cards but
also “the date of arrest and the charge of invasion of privacy.” Id. at 186. The
State maintained that the “link . . . is that the date of the arrest and the charge
will match our charging information and his name as well.” Id. Agreeing with
the State, the trial court overruled Roberts’s objection and admitted Exhibit 8,
2 In his reply brief, Roberts contends that State’s Exhibit 8 is only three pages long. Appellant’s Reply Br. at 4. The copy of State’s Exhibit 8 in the record before us is five pages long.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 3 of 7 concluding that the evidence “goes to weight and it’s going to be an argument
for the trier of fact.” Id.
[7] A fingerprint examiner testified that Roberts’s fingerprint, which was taken on
the day of the 2018 trial, matched the 2013 fingerprint card in Exhibit 8. Based
on this evidence, the jury found Roberts guilty of the Level 6 felony
enhancement. On April 26, 2018, the trial court sentenced Roberts to two and
one-half years executed in the Indiana Department of Correction. He now
appeals the felony conviction.
Discussion and Decision [8] Roberts contends that the evidence was insufficient to sustain his conviction for
Level 6 felony invasion of privacy. When reviewing sufficiency of the evidence
claims, we do not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses.
Ericksen v. State, 68 N.E.3d 597, 600 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017), trans. denied.
“Rather, we look to the evidence and reasonable inferences drawn therefrom
that support the verdict and will affirm the conviction if there is probative
evidence from which a reasonable jury could have found the defendant guilty
beyond a reasonable doubt.” Stewart v. State, 768 N.E.2d 433, 435 (Ind. 2002).
[9] Roberts was found guilty of invasion of privacy as a Level 6 felony, which is
defined in relevant part as:
(a) A person who knowingly or intentionally violates:
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 4 of 7 (1) a protective order to prevent domestic or family violence issued under IC 34-26-5 (or, if the order involved a family or household member, under IC 34-26-2 or IC 34-4-5.1-5 before their repeal);
....
commits invasion of privacy, a Class A misdemeanor. However, the offense is a Level 6 felony if the person has a prior unrelated conviction for an offense under this subsection.
Ind. Code § 35-46-1-15.1 (footnote omitted). Roberts does not challenge the
phase one verdict of the jury, which found him guilty of invasion of privacy.
Instead, he contends that the evidence presented by the State in phase two was
insufficient to prove a prior unrelated conviction to support the Level 6 felony
enhancement. Appellant’s Br. at 8.
[10] During the second part of the bifurcated trial, the State admitted into evidence
Exhibits 7 and 9. Exhibit 7 was a card with Roberts’s fingerprint taken on the
day of the 2018 trial. Exhibit 9 was the arrest sheet, charging information, and
sentencing order pertaining to Cause No. 323. That charging information
alleged that “Jeremy Richard Roberts” had committed Class A misdemeanor
invasion of privacy for having violated a no contact order issued as a condition
of pre-trial release. State’s Ex. 9. Cause No. 323’s information and arrest sheet
referenced that the defendant was born May 26, 1980, the offense was invasion
of privacy, the offense was committed on December 13, 2013, and Officer
Joshua Blake was the arresting officer. Id. The sentencing order reflected that
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 5 of 7 Roberts was convicted and sentenced in January 2016 to an executed sentence
of 365 days.
[11] To establish that Cause No. 323 was a prior offense, the State had to prove that
Roberts is the same person who was convicted in 2013 for invasion of privacy
under Cause No. 323. To establish this link, the State introduced Exhibit 8,3 a
five-page exhibit that contained fingerprint cards authenticated by the Indiana
State Police. The first page of Exhibit 8 was a cover letter from the Indiana
State Police custodian of criminal history records providing, “Enclosed are
copies of the fingerprints and palm prints for date of arrest 12/13/2013 only
reference [sic] subject JEREMY RICHARD ROBERTS, date of birth
05/26/1980, with file number IN1088395.” State’s Ex. 8 (emphasis in original).
Pages two, four, and five of Exhibit 8 depicted Roberts’s fingerprints and palm
prints from both of his hands. During the phase two hearing, a fingerprint
examiner testified that Roberts’s fingerprint taken on the day of the 2018 trial
matched the 2013 fingerprint cards. Tr. Vol. II at 201-02. Page three of that
exhibit set forth that Roberts’s fingerprints were obtained in connection with the
offense of invasion of privacy, committed on December 13, 2013. State’s Ex. 8.
The second page of Exhibit 8 also indicated that Officer Blake was the arresting
officer.
3 State’s Exhibit 8 was admitted over Roberts’s objection; however, he does not challenge on appeal the admission of that evidence.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 6 of 7 [12] On appeal, Roberts argues that this was insufficient evidence for the jury to find
that he had a prior conviction. We disagree. Roberts acknowledges that the
fingerprints on the 2013 cards of Exhibit 8 are his. Appellant’s App. at 10. The
identifying characteristics that the 2013 print cards of Exhibit 8 share with
Exhibit 9’s arrest sheet, charging information, and sentencing order are
Roberts’s name, Roberts’s date of birth, that the offense was invasion of
privacy, the date of the offense, the date of arrest, and the arresting officer.
Notwithstanding Roberts’s argument to the contrary, it is not probable or
realistic that he was arrested two different times on December 13, 2013, by the
same officer for committing two separate acts of invasion of privacy on the
same day. Instead, the reasonable inference to be drawn from the evidence is
that the 2013 fingerprint cards were created as a result of the same arrest that
resulted in the conviction in Cause No. 323. Roberts’s challenge to the
sufficiency of the evidence is effectively a request that we reweigh the evidence,
which we will not do. See Stewart, 768 N.E.2d at 435 (“We do not reweigh the
evidence or assess the credibility of witnesses.”). Here, the evidence was
sufficient to establish that Roberts had a prior invasion of privacy conviction
that supports the enhancement of his current conviction from a Class A
misdemeanor to a Level 6 felony.
[13] Affirmed.
Riley, J., and Robb, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1184 | February 28, 2019 Page 7 of 7