NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-5366-18T4
JEFFREY E. DODSON,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
KASHAN L. DODSON,
Defendant-Appellant. _______________________
Submitted December 9, 2020 – Decided January 21, 2021
Before Judges Alvarez and Sumners.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Union County, Docket No. FM-20-1071-18.
Grissele Camacho, attorney for appellant.
Ehrlich, Petriello, Gudin, Plaza & Reed, PC, attorneys for respondent (Jeffrey W. Plaza, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
In this post-judgment matrimonial matter, defendant Kashan L. Dodson
appeals the trial court's order denying her motion to vacate default. She contends the court abused its discretion, and the default final judgment of
divorce (FJOD) should be vacated due to plaintiff Jeffrey E. Dodson's fraud,
misrepresentation, or other misconduct. We reverse because there was plain
error in plaintiff's failure to comply with Rule 5:5-10 by notifying defendant of
proposed final judgment before the default hearing.
After being personally served with plaintiff's pro-se divorce complaint,
defendant failed to file a responsive pleading resulting in entry of default. In
addition to seeking dissolution of the parties' twenty-four-year marriage alleging
irreconcilable differences, the complaint demanded equitable distribution of
debts and assets. Before the December 18, 2018 default hearing, plaintiff did
not serve defendant a "Notice of Proposed Final Judgment" in accordance with
Rule 5:5-10. The court entered a FJOD at the default hearing. Defendant did
not appear.
About five months later, defendant through counsel moved under Rule
4:43-3 to vacate default to "be heard on the issues of alimony, equitable
distribution, payment of college costs for their children, reimbursement of a
PSE&G bill, life insurance, [her] maiden name, and counsel fees." The motion
was not supported by any legal argument. Plaintiff retained counsel and opposed
the motion.
A-5366-18T4 2 Defendant's motion was decided on the papers and denied. In its oral
decision, the court noted that because the FJOD was entered, defendant could
only obtain relief under Rule 4:50-1, which governs vacation of a judgment, and
not under Rule 4:43-3, which only allows for vacation of default. In analyzing
the motion under the lens of Rule 4:50-1, the court found there was no basis to
vacate the FJOD. Defendant appealed.
In a Rule 2:5-1(b) letter amplifying its decision, the court maintained that
defendant's motion only sought to vacate default and did not address issues of
equitable distribution or college education of the parties' children. The court
noted that prior to the divorce litigation, defendant had represented herself in
court proceedings pertaining to child support, custody, and college contribution
prior to the divorce litigation, thereby demonstrating she "had no hesitation to
assert her rights . . . without an attorney." The court further added defendant's
contention that she waited to challenge plaintiff's complaint until she saved
money to hire an attorney was "in no way" grounds to vacate a default judgment.
Pursuant to Rule 4:50-1(a)-(e), a court is authorized to relieve a party
from a final judgment or order for reasons such as: mistake, inadvertence, or
excusable neglect; certain newly discovered evidence; fraud; the judgment or
order is void; or the judgment or order has been satisfied. Subsection (f) of Rule
A-5366-18T4 3 4:50-1 provides a catch-all provision authorizing a court to relieve a party from
a judgment or order for "any other reason justifying relief from the operation of
the judgment or order." The essence of subsection (f) is to achieve equity and
justice in "exceptional" situations that cannot be easily categorized. DEG, LLC
v. Twp. of Fairfield, 198 N.J. 242, 269-70 (2009) (quoting Court Inv. Co. v.
Perillo, 48 N.J. 334, 341 (1966)).
There is no merit in defendant's contention that the court abused its
discretion in denying her motion to vacate default FJOD under Rule 4:50-1. See
U.S. Bank Nat'l Ass'n v. Guillaume, 209 N.J. 449, 467 (2012) (holding appellate
courts review a trial court's decision on a motion to vacate a default judgment
under Rule 4:50-1 for abuse of discretion). As the court explained, defendant
did not move to vacate the FJOD, but sought to vacate default even though final
judgment had been entered when her motion was made. Defendant's contention
that she failed to file a timely answer to the complaint because she waited to
save money to retain an attorney is not a basis under Rule 4:50-1 to excuse her
inaction. There is no legal support for this contention, and as the court pointed
out, defendant's self-represented court history belied her need to wait until she
could hire an attorney to respond to plaintiff's complaint. There is also no
evidence supporting defendant's contention that plaintiff committed fraud,
A-5366-18T4 4 misrepresentation, or other misconduct by demanding equitable distribution of
debts and assets in his complaint but not serving defendant a notice of proposed
final judgment stating he was not pursuing equitable distribution and intended
to retain his entire pension. Lastly, there is no merit to defendant's contention
that plaintiff committed fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct by having
his friend, a licensed attorney, sign the acknowledgment of service of the
complaint incorrectly indicating he witnessed defendant's signature. Because
defendant does not dispute that she was served the complaint, her contention has
no import in deciding whether the FJOD should be vacated.
While plaintiff's failure to comply with Rule 5:5-10 does not constitute
fraud or misrepresentation under Rule 4:50-1, we however conclude that his
failure to comply warrants vacation of the FJOD. Since defendant did not raise
plaintiff's failure to comply with the rule in her motion to vacate default, we
analyze the issue employing the plain error standard under Rule 2:10-2. Scott
v. Salerno, 297 N.J. Super. 437, 446-47 (App. Div. 1997) (citation omitted)
("Issues raised for the first time on appeal are not ordinarily considered by courts
of review unless the issue relates to the jurisdiction of the trial court, conc erns
matters of great public importance, or constitutes plain error."). Plaintiff's
failure to comply was "of such a nature as to have been clearly capable of
A-5366-18T4 5 producing an unjust result" and, thus, we should consider it in the interest of
justice. R. 2:10-2.
Rule 5:5-10 mandates that where equitable distribution is sought and a
default has been entered "the plaintiff must, at least 20 days prior to [the default]
hearing, file and serve on the defaulting defendant a notice of application for
relief with [case information statement] annexed, specifying with particularity
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-5366-18T4
JEFFREY E. DODSON,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
KASHAN L. DODSON,
Defendant-Appellant. _______________________
Submitted December 9, 2020 – Decided January 21, 2021
Before Judges Alvarez and Sumners.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Union County, Docket No. FM-20-1071-18.
Grissele Camacho, attorney for appellant.
Ehrlich, Petriello, Gudin, Plaza & Reed, PC, attorneys for respondent (Jeffrey W. Plaza, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
In this post-judgment matrimonial matter, defendant Kashan L. Dodson
appeals the trial court's order denying her motion to vacate default. She contends the court abused its discretion, and the default final judgment of
divorce (FJOD) should be vacated due to plaintiff Jeffrey E. Dodson's fraud,
misrepresentation, or other misconduct. We reverse because there was plain
error in plaintiff's failure to comply with Rule 5:5-10 by notifying defendant of
proposed final judgment before the default hearing.
After being personally served with plaintiff's pro-se divorce complaint,
defendant failed to file a responsive pleading resulting in entry of default. In
addition to seeking dissolution of the parties' twenty-four-year marriage alleging
irreconcilable differences, the complaint demanded equitable distribution of
debts and assets. Before the December 18, 2018 default hearing, plaintiff did
not serve defendant a "Notice of Proposed Final Judgment" in accordance with
Rule 5:5-10. The court entered a FJOD at the default hearing. Defendant did
not appear.
About five months later, defendant through counsel moved under Rule
4:43-3 to vacate default to "be heard on the issues of alimony, equitable
distribution, payment of college costs for their children, reimbursement of a
PSE&G bill, life insurance, [her] maiden name, and counsel fees." The motion
was not supported by any legal argument. Plaintiff retained counsel and opposed
the motion.
A-5366-18T4 2 Defendant's motion was decided on the papers and denied. In its oral
decision, the court noted that because the FJOD was entered, defendant could
only obtain relief under Rule 4:50-1, which governs vacation of a judgment, and
not under Rule 4:43-3, which only allows for vacation of default. In analyzing
the motion under the lens of Rule 4:50-1, the court found there was no basis to
vacate the FJOD. Defendant appealed.
In a Rule 2:5-1(b) letter amplifying its decision, the court maintained that
defendant's motion only sought to vacate default and did not address issues of
equitable distribution or college education of the parties' children. The court
noted that prior to the divorce litigation, defendant had represented herself in
court proceedings pertaining to child support, custody, and college contribution
prior to the divorce litigation, thereby demonstrating she "had no hesitation to
assert her rights . . . without an attorney." The court further added defendant's
contention that she waited to challenge plaintiff's complaint until she saved
money to hire an attorney was "in no way" grounds to vacate a default judgment.
Pursuant to Rule 4:50-1(a)-(e), a court is authorized to relieve a party
from a final judgment or order for reasons such as: mistake, inadvertence, or
excusable neglect; certain newly discovered evidence; fraud; the judgment or
order is void; or the judgment or order has been satisfied. Subsection (f) of Rule
A-5366-18T4 3 4:50-1 provides a catch-all provision authorizing a court to relieve a party from
a judgment or order for "any other reason justifying relief from the operation of
the judgment or order." The essence of subsection (f) is to achieve equity and
justice in "exceptional" situations that cannot be easily categorized. DEG, LLC
v. Twp. of Fairfield, 198 N.J. 242, 269-70 (2009) (quoting Court Inv. Co. v.
Perillo, 48 N.J. 334, 341 (1966)).
There is no merit in defendant's contention that the court abused its
discretion in denying her motion to vacate default FJOD under Rule 4:50-1. See
U.S. Bank Nat'l Ass'n v. Guillaume, 209 N.J. 449, 467 (2012) (holding appellate
courts review a trial court's decision on a motion to vacate a default judgment
under Rule 4:50-1 for abuse of discretion). As the court explained, defendant
did not move to vacate the FJOD, but sought to vacate default even though final
judgment had been entered when her motion was made. Defendant's contention
that she failed to file a timely answer to the complaint because she waited to
save money to retain an attorney is not a basis under Rule 4:50-1 to excuse her
inaction. There is no legal support for this contention, and as the court pointed
out, defendant's self-represented court history belied her need to wait until she
could hire an attorney to respond to plaintiff's complaint. There is also no
evidence supporting defendant's contention that plaintiff committed fraud,
A-5366-18T4 4 misrepresentation, or other misconduct by demanding equitable distribution of
debts and assets in his complaint but not serving defendant a notice of proposed
final judgment stating he was not pursuing equitable distribution and intended
to retain his entire pension. Lastly, there is no merit to defendant's contention
that plaintiff committed fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct by having
his friend, a licensed attorney, sign the acknowledgment of service of the
complaint incorrectly indicating he witnessed defendant's signature. Because
defendant does not dispute that she was served the complaint, her contention has
no import in deciding whether the FJOD should be vacated.
While plaintiff's failure to comply with Rule 5:5-10 does not constitute
fraud or misrepresentation under Rule 4:50-1, we however conclude that his
failure to comply warrants vacation of the FJOD. Since defendant did not raise
plaintiff's failure to comply with the rule in her motion to vacate default, we
analyze the issue employing the plain error standard under Rule 2:10-2. Scott
v. Salerno, 297 N.J. Super. 437, 446-47 (App. Div. 1997) (citation omitted)
("Issues raised for the first time on appeal are not ordinarily considered by courts
of review unless the issue relates to the jurisdiction of the trial court, conc erns
matters of great public importance, or constitutes plain error."). Plaintiff's
failure to comply was "of such a nature as to have been clearly capable of
A-5366-18T4 5 producing an unjust result" and, thus, we should consider it in the interest of
justice. R. 2:10-2.
Rule 5:5-10 mandates that where equitable distribution is sought and a
default has been entered "the plaintiff must, at least 20 days prior to [the default]
hearing, file and serve on the defaulting defendant a notice of application for
relief with [case information statement] annexed, specifying with particularity
the claims made for alimony, child support, equitable distribution and other
affirmative relief." Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J. Court Rules, cmt. 2 on R.
5:5-10 (2021). The only exception to this requirement is when "a written
property settlement agreement has been executed." R. 5:5-10. That was not the
situation here.
Plaintiff asserts he did not have to comply with the notice requirements of
Rule 5:5-10 because he neither sought equitable distribution at the default
hearing nor was he awarded equitable distribution in the FJOD. He also asserts
the waiver of equitable distribution was mutual as defendant had a pension that
would have been subject to equitable distribution and they wanted their long -
term financial separation undisturbed. We disagree.
Because plaintiff's complaint demanded equitable distribution, his failure
to comply with Rule 5:5-10 violated defendant's due process rights. He still had
A-5366-18T4 6 to comply with the rule's notification requirements even though he did not seek
and was not he awarded equitable relief in the FJOD. He breached the plain
terms of the rule by not notifying defendant what relief he was seeking at the
default hearing. There is no evidence the parties agreed to waive equitable
distribution and the complaint was not amended to remove the demand for
equitable distribution. Even though plaintiff's non-compliance with Rule 5:5-
10 was not presented to the trial court, it would be unjust to allow the FJOD to
stand given his non-compliance. Moreover, had defendant argued before the
trial court that plaintiff did not comply with Rule 5:5-10, it would have been a
basis to vacate the FJOD under Rule 4:50-1(f) because allowing entry of the
FJOD without complying with Rule 5:5-10 was not just. The default FJOD is
vacated.
Reversed and remanded for further proceedings. We do not retain
jurisdiction.
A-5366-18T4 7