NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-5204-17T1
JEANNE A. STEIN,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
RICHARD W. STEIN,
Defendant-Appellant. __________________________
Submitted November 20, 2019 – Decided December 6, 2019
Before Judges Haas and Mayer.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Passaic County, Docket No. FM-16-0515-15.
Ziegler, Zemsky & Resnick, attorneys for appellant (Steven Resnick and Elizabeth Danforth Burke, on the brief).
Snyder Sarno D'Aniello Maceri & Da Costa, attorneys for respondent (Stacey A. Cozewith, of counsel and on the brief; Michelle A. Wortmann, on the brief).
PER CURIAM Defendant appeals from a May 30, 2018 order denying his motion for
reconsideration of two prior court orders dated October 6, 2017 and November
17, 2017. We affirm.
This appeal stems from the parties' divorce and marital settlement
agreement (MSA) dated March 17, 2016. The parties acknowledged that the
MSA was "fair and reasonable" and resolved all issues concerning dissolution
of their marriage. There are three provisions in the MSA relevant to this appeal.
First, the MSA required defendant to roll-over $100,000 from his retirement
account to plaintiff's retirement account. Second, the MSA required the parties
to attend mediation before filing motions. Third, the prevailing party in an
action to enforce the MSA was entitled to payment of legal expenses.
Defendant attempted to roll-over the $100,000 in retirement funds to
plaintiff by way of a qualified domestic relations order (QDRO). However, the
retirement fund company denied the request because the wording of the QDRO
was deficient. Defendant claimed he remedied the issue but plaintiff never
received the $100,000 sum.
In or around October 2016, just a few months after the parties executed
the MSA, defendant believed his retirement account was a pre-marital asset and
therefore not subject to equitable distribution. He declined to roll-over the
A-5204-17T1 2 retirement funds and retained an attorney. Through his attorney, defendant
demanded mediation of the "inequities" in the MSA, including equitable
distribution of his retirement funds.
The parties attempted, without success, to resolve the retirement fund
issue in an April 2017 mediation. Plaintiff was left with no alternative but to
file a motion to enforce her rights regarding the $100,000 retirement fund in
accordance with the MSA. Defendant filed a cross-motion to vacate the
provision in the MSA directing him to roll-over the retirement money, demanded
a plenary hearing, and requested a reduction of his alimony and child support
obligations.
In an October 6, 2017 order, the judge found the parties expressly agreed
the MSA was "fair and reasonable" at the time the agreement was signed. The
judge concluded there was no evidence presented to justify setting aside the
MSA, and granted plaintiff's motion to recover $100,000. In the November 17,
2017 order, the judge awarded interest on the $100,000 retirement sum. The
judge reserved decision on plaintiff's request for attorney's fees.
In denying defendant's cross-motion, the judge noted defendant omitted
complete information regarding his new job. Therefore, she was unable to
determine defendant's income. The judge also concluded the issue was not ripe
A-5204-17T1 3 for adjudication because defendant failed to pursue mediation before filing his
application as required under the MSA.
In the October 6, 2017 order, defendant was compelled to roll-over
$100,000, plus interest, into plaintiff's retirement account and pay plaintiff's
attorney's fees. The judge reasoned plaintiff was entitled to attorney's fees
pursuant to the MSA, regardless of defendant's intentions, because he failed to
roll-over $100,000. The judge explained she was required to enforce the MSA
as signed by the parties, and the MSA clearly provided that in the event of a
default by one party, "the prevailing party on a motion to enforce the agreement
would be entitled to attorneys' fees . . . ."
Defendant filed a motion for reconsideration, which the judge denied "for
the same reasons that were . . . expressed on the record on August 15, 2017. "
The judge stated defendant failed to show any facts she overlooked or law she
misapplied. The judge found defendant's motion "disturbing," noting defendant
only wanted to vacate one section of the MSA and refused to comply with the
October 6, 2017 order. She also found there were no genuine issues of material
fact and therefore a plenary hearing was not required
On appeal, defendant argues the family court judge erred in denying his
motion for reconsideration because the judge overlooked evidence. He further
A-5204-17T1 4 contends the judge failed to provide adequate reasons for awarding attorney's
fees to plaintiff. In addition, defendant claims the judge erred in finding he
breached the terms of the MSA. In the event of a remand, defendant contends
the matter should be heard by a different judge.
Reconsideration is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court,
which we review for abuse of discretion. See Palombi v. Palombi, 414 N.J.
Super. 274, 288-89 (App. Div. 2010). Reconsideration "is not appropriate
merely because a litigant is dissatisfied with a decision of the court or wishes to
reargue a motion." In re Estate of Brown, 448 N.J. Super. 252, 268 (App. Div.
2017) (quoting Palombi, 414 N.J. Super. at 288).
Reconsideration is applicable only when "the [c]ourt has expressed its
decision based upon a palpably incorrect or irrational basis, or . . . it is obvious
that the [c]ourt either did not consider, or failed to appreciate the sign ificance
of probative, competent evidence." Ibid. (first and third alterations in original)
(quoting Palombi, 414 N.J. Super. at 288). Rule 4:49-2 requires a motion for
reconsideration to include "a statement of the matters or controlling decisions
which counsel believes the court has overlooked or as to which it has erred . . . ."
The object of such a motion is to correct a court's error or oversight, not to "re -
argue [a] motion that has already been heard for the purpose of taking the
A-5204-17T1 5 proverbial second bite of the apple." State v. Fitzsimmons, 286 N.J. Super. 141,
147 (App. Div. 1995).
We will uphold a settlement agreement between spouses in a matrimonial
action that is "voluntary, fair and equitable." Brawer v. Brawer, 329 N.J. Super.
273, 284 (App. Div. 2000). "[T]he enforceability of [a marital] settlement
agreement is subject to the same standards as that in any other case." Ibid.
"A settlement agreement between parties to a lawsuit is a contract." Nolan
v. Lee Ho, 120 N.J. 465, 472 (1990). "Interpretation and construction of a
contract is a matter of law for the court subject to de novo review." Fastenberg
v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 309 N.J. Super. 415, 420 (App. Div. 1998).
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-5204-17T1
JEANNE A. STEIN,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
RICHARD W. STEIN,
Defendant-Appellant. __________________________
Submitted November 20, 2019 – Decided December 6, 2019
Before Judges Haas and Mayer.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Passaic County, Docket No. FM-16-0515-15.
Ziegler, Zemsky & Resnick, attorneys for appellant (Steven Resnick and Elizabeth Danforth Burke, on the brief).
Snyder Sarno D'Aniello Maceri & Da Costa, attorneys for respondent (Stacey A. Cozewith, of counsel and on the brief; Michelle A. Wortmann, on the brief).
PER CURIAM Defendant appeals from a May 30, 2018 order denying his motion for
reconsideration of two prior court orders dated October 6, 2017 and November
17, 2017. We affirm.
This appeal stems from the parties' divorce and marital settlement
agreement (MSA) dated March 17, 2016. The parties acknowledged that the
MSA was "fair and reasonable" and resolved all issues concerning dissolution
of their marriage. There are three provisions in the MSA relevant to this appeal.
First, the MSA required defendant to roll-over $100,000 from his retirement
account to plaintiff's retirement account. Second, the MSA required the parties
to attend mediation before filing motions. Third, the prevailing party in an
action to enforce the MSA was entitled to payment of legal expenses.
Defendant attempted to roll-over the $100,000 in retirement funds to
plaintiff by way of a qualified domestic relations order (QDRO). However, the
retirement fund company denied the request because the wording of the QDRO
was deficient. Defendant claimed he remedied the issue but plaintiff never
received the $100,000 sum.
In or around October 2016, just a few months after the parties executed
the MSA, defendant believed his retirement account was a pre-marital asset and
therefore not subject to equitable distribution. He declined to roll-over the
A-5204-17T1 2 retirement funds and retained an attorney. Through his attorney, defendant
demanded mediation of the "inequities" in the MSA, including equitable
distribution of his retirement funds.
The parties attempted, without success, to resolve the retirement fund
issue in an April 2017 mediation. Plaintiff was left with no alternative but to
file a motion to enforce her rights regarding the $100,000 retirement fund in
accordance with the MSA. Defendant filed a cross-motion to vacate the
provision in the MSA directing him to roll-over the retirement money, demanded
a plenary hearing, and requested a reduction of his alimony and child support
obligations.
In an October 6, 2017 order, the judge found the parties expressly agreed
the MSA was "fair and reasonable" at the time the agreement was signed. The
judge concluded there was no evidence presented to justify setting aside the
MSA, and granted plaintiff's motion to recover $100,000. In the November 17,
2017 order, the judge awarded interest on the $100,000 retirement sum. The
judge reserved decision on plaintiff's request for attorney's fees.
In denying defendant's cross-motion, the judge noted defendant omitted
complete information regarding his new job. Therefore, she was unable to
determine defendant's income. The judge also concluded the issue was not ripe
A-5204-17T1 3 for adjudication because defendant failed to pursue mediation before filing his
application as required under the MSA.
In the October 6, 2017 order, defendant was compelled to roll-over
$100,000, plus interest, into plaintiff's retirement account and pay plaintiff's
attorney's fees. The judge reasoned plaintiff was entitled to attorney's fees
pursuant to the MSA, regardless of defendant's intentions, because he failed to
roll-over $100,000. The judge explained she was required to enforce the MSA
as signed by the parties, and the MSA clearly provided that in the event of a
default by one party, "the prevailing party on a motion to enforce the agreement
would be entitled to attorneys' fees . . . ."
Defendant filed a motion for reconsideration, which the judge denied "for
the same reasons that were . . . expressed on the record on August 15, 2017. "
The judge stated defendant failed to show any facts she overlooked or law she
misapplied. The judge found defendant's motion "disturbing," noting defendant
only wanted to vacate one section of the MSA and refused to comply with the
October 6, 2017 order. She also found there were no genuine issues of material
fact and therefore a plenary hearing was not required
On appeal, defendant argues the family court judge erred in denying his
motion for reconsideration because the judge overlooked evidence. He further
A-5204-17T1 4 contends the judge failed to provide adequate reasons for awarding attorney's
fees to plaintiff. In addition, defendant claims the judge erred in finding he
breached the terms of the MSA. In the event of a remand, defendant contends
the matter should be heard by a different judge.
Reconsideration is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court,
which we review for abuse of discretion. See Palombi v. Palombi, 414 N.J.
Super. 274, 288-89 (App. Div. 2010). Reconsideration "is not appropriate
merely because a litigant is dissatisfied with a decision of the court or wishes to
reargue a motion." In re Estate of Brown, 448 N.J. Super. 252, 268 (App. Div.
2017) (quoting Palombi, 414 N.J. Super. at 288).
Reconsideration is applicable only when "the [c]ourt has expressed its
decision based upon a palpably incorrect or irrational basis, or . . . it is obvious
that the [c]ourt either did not consider, or failed to appreciate the sign ificance
of probative, competent evidence." Ibid. (first and third alterations in original)
(quoting Palombi, 414 N.J. Super. at 288). Rule 4:49-2 requires a motion for
reconsideration to include "a statement of the matters or controlling decisions
which counsel believes the court has overlooked or as to which it has erred . . . ."
The object of such a motion is to correct a court's error or oversight, not to "re -
argue [a] motion that has already been heard for the purpose of taking the
A-5204-17T1 5 proverbial second bite of the apple." State v. Fitzsimmons, 286 N.J. Super. 141,
147 (App. Div. 1995).
We will uphold a settlement agreement between spouses in a matrimonial
action that is "voluntary, fair and equitable." Brawer v. Brawer, 329 N.J. Super.
273, 284 (App. Div. 2000). "[T]he enforceability of [a marital] settlement
agreement is subject to the same standards as that in any other case." Ibid.
"A settlement agreement between parties to a lawsuit is a contract." Nolan
v. Lee Ho, 120 N.J. 465, 472 (1990). "Interpretation and construction of a
contract is a matter of law for the court subject to de novo review." Fastenberg
v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 309 N.J. Super. 415, 420 (App. Div. 1998).
"Accordingly, we pay no special deference to the trial court's interpretation and
look at the contract with fresh eyes." Kieffer v. Best Buy, 205 N.J. 213, 223
(2011). However, "[b]ecause of the family courts' special jurisdiction and
expertise in family matters, appellate courts should accord deference" to the
factual findings of the family court judge. Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 413
(1998).
An MSA may be set aside "when it is the product of fraud or overreaching
by a party with power to take advantage of a confidential relationship."
Guglielmo v. Guglielmo, 253 N.J. Super. 531, 541 (App. Div. 1992) (quoting
A-5204-17T1 6 Dworkin v. Dworkin, 217 N.J. Super. 518, 523 (App. Div. 1987)). New Jersey
has a "'strong public policy favoring stability of arrangements' in matrimonial
matters." Quinn v. Quinn, 225 N.J. 34, 44 (2016) (quoting Konzelman v.
Konzelman, 158 N.J. 185, 193 (1999)). Absent compelling reasons to depart
from clear, unambiguous, and mutually understood terms of a marital settlement
agreement, a court is generally bound to enforce them. Id. at 45.
We review an award of attorney's fees for a "clear abuse of discretion,"
and disturb an award "only on the rarest of occasions." Heyert v. Taddese, 431
N.J. Super. 388, 444 (App. Div. 2013). While Rule 5:3-5(c) and Rule 4:42-9
govern attorney fee awards in family matters, the parties here expressly included
an attorney fee provision in their MSA. Therefore, the judge was not required
to apply the factors embodied in the court rules in awarding attorney's fees. As
the judge stated, "Irrespective of [d]efendant's motives or reasons for non-
compliance, the MSA contemplates an award of fees based on an omission or
failure to 'fulfill' a duty that caused [p]laintiff to file the application."
Nevertheless, the judge considered "the parties' unequal financial
positions and the [p]laintiff's financial need to obtain the sum of $100,000, as
well as interest income, by way of equitable distribution, to which she was
entitled under the MSA" in finding that the "award of counsel fees to [p]laintiff
A-5204-17T1 7 is proper and equitable." Based on a review of the certification of services
supplied by plaintiff's counsel, the judge found the fees and costs incurred by
plaintiff "were reasonable" and awarded counsel fees in the amount of $8,808.
We affirm substantially for the reasons expressed by Judge Yolanda
Adrianzen. We agree that the language in the MSA was clear and unambiguous.
Defendant was required to mediate prior to filing a motion to reduce his alimony
and child support obligations and failed to do so. In addition, under the MSA,
plaintiff was entitled to $100,000 from defendant's retirement account.
Defendant failed to make that payment, triggering his default under the MSA.
We further agree there was no genuine issue as to material facts requiring a
plenary hearing. See Shaw v. Shaw, 138 N.J. Super. 436, 440 (App. Div. 1976).
("It is only where the affidavits show that there is a genuine issue as to a material
fact, and that the trial judge determines that a plenary hearing would be helpful
in deciding such factual issues, that a plenary hearing is required.") Defendant's
professed understanding of the MSA does not negate the plain and unequivocal
language of the MSA.
Affirmed.
A-5204-17T1 8