NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
19-771
JEANELL A. THOMAS
VERSUS
STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE
INSURANCE COMPANY, ET AL.
**********
APPEAL FROM THE SIXTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF ST. MARTIN, NO. 87476-B HONORABLE SUZANNE DEMAHY, DISTRICT JUDGE
JOHN D. SAUNDERS JUDGE
Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Sylvia R. Cooks, and John D. Saunders, Judges.
AFFIRMED. Thomas M. Daigle Victor R. A. Ashy Attorneys at Law 711 Johnston Street Lafayette, LA 70501 (337) 234-4049 COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE: Jeanell A. Thomas
Staci Knox Villemarette Cloyd, Wimberly & Villemarette, L.L.C. 302 La Rue France, Suite 204 Post Office Box 53951 Lafayette, LA 70505-3951 (337) 289-6906 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLANTS: State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company Haley Duplechin SAUNDERS, Judge.
In this matter we must decide whether the trial court’s denial of
Defendant/Appellant’s Motion to Compel Execution of Release and Judgment of
Dismissal was correct.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY:
On June 22, 2018, Plaintiff/Appellee, Jeanelle Thomas (“Ms. Thomas”), was
involved in a motor vehicle accident with Defendant/Appellant, Haley Duplechin
(“Ms. Duplechin”). Ms. Duplechin lost control of a vehicle in the eastbound lane
of Interstate 10, crossed the median into the oncoming lane of travel, and struck Ms.
Thomas’ vehicle. Ms. Duplechin was operating a vehicle owned by
Defendant/Appellant Olive Gisclaire (“Ms. Gisclaire”) who was insured by
Defendant/Appellant, State Farm Mutual Automobile Company (“State Farm”).
Shannon Cazad (“Mr. Cazad”) was the State Farm claims specialist assigned to this
claim.
Following the crash, Ms. Thomas retained Thomas Daigle (“Mr. Daigle”) and
Victor Ashy (“Mr. Ashy”) to represent her. Between June 22, 2018 and
approximately October 2018 various settlement negotiations ensued between Mr.
Ashy and Mr. Cazad principally via electronic mail. The electronic correspondence
from Mr. Cazad identifies only Ms. Gisclaire as the named insured. Ms. Duplechin
is never identified as an insured nor does her name appear in any correspondence.
Pursuant to Ms. Thomas’ Affidavit dated February 26, 2019, “shortly after
October 15, 2018, Victor Ashy presented her with a proposed release that included
Haley Duplechin as a party to be released” and “she refused to sign the proposed
release.” In addition, “her attorneys never suggested she compromise her claims
with Haley Duplechin” and “she never authorized her attorneys to compromise her
claims with Haley Duplechin.” Suit was filed on December 3, 2018. The suit named State Farm and Ms.
Duplechin, but did not name Ms. Gisclaire. On January 18, 2019, State Farm filed
an answer admitting that there “may have been in full force and effect a general
automobile liability insurance policy by State Farm to or on behalf of Olive Gisclaire
[policy holder] and providing coverage to Haley Duplechin [driver], but denied all
liability under said policy.”
On February 8, 2019, State Farm filed a Motion to Compel Execution of
Release and Judgment of Dismissal. Mr. Cazad’s attached Affidavit states, “This
matter was settled regarding JEANELL THOMAS on October 15, 2018. At no time
was there any discussion of any additional exchange of documents other than the
Release as a condition of settlement of this matter.”
On March 11, 2019, Mr. Ashy filed an opposition to State Farm’s Motion to
Compel wherein Mr. Ashy states, “State Farm never advised that it was insuring Ms.
Duplechin, negotiating on behalf of Ms. Duplechin, or otherwise had any
involvement with Ms. Duplechin. In this case, there was no meeting of the minds
as evidence (sic) by the unilateral inclusion of Ms. Duplechin’s [name] on the
Release by State Farm and by Ms. Thomas’ refusal to sign any Release that included
Ms. Duplechin’s name.”
On March 11, 2019, the trial court denied State Farm’s Motion to Compel
Execution of Release and Judgment of Dismissal. Judgment was signed on May 15,
2019. It is from this judgment that State Farm appeals, alleging one assignment of
error.
DISCUSSION OF THE MERITS
In its single assignment of error, State Farm alleges that the trial court erred
in denying its Motion to Compel Execution of Release and Judgment of Dismissal.
We disagree. 2 The existence of a contract is a question of fact not to be disturbed unless
clearly wrong. Rogers v. Mumford, 08-1144 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/4/09), 6 So.3d 848.
The standard of appellate review of a trial court's factual findings is well settled and has long been established in this state. A court of appeal may not set aside a trial court's or a jury's finding of fact in the absence of “manifest error” or unless it is “clearly wrong.” Our supreme court set forth a two-part test for the reversal of a factfinder's determinations: (1) The appellate court must find from the record that a reasonable factual basis does not exist for the finding of the trial court, and (2) the appellate court must further determine that the record establishes that the finding is clearly wrong (manifestly erroneous).
Earls v. McDowell, 07–17, p. 6 (La.App. 5 Cir. 5/15/07), 960 So.2d 242, 247, (citing
Stobart v. State through Dep't of Transp. and Dev., 617 So.2d 880, 882 (La.1993)).
Whether a settlement was perfected is in dispute. In Spears v. Safeway Ins.
Co. of Louisiana, 16-81 (La.App. 3 Cir. 6/1/16), 195 So.3d 654 (emphasis added),
this court noted:
Louisiana Civil Code Article 3071 provides: “A compromise is a contract whereby the parties, through concessions made by one or more of them, settle a dispute or an uncertainty concerning an obligation or other legal relationship.” Louisiana Civil Code Article 3072 requires: “A compromise shall be made in writing or recited in open court, in which case the recitation shall be susceptible of being transcribed from the record of the proceedings.” “[A] compromise is valid only if the parties share a meeting of the minds as to their intent.”
Louisiana Civil Code Article 2997 (emphasis added) provides: “Authority
must also be given expressly to: (5) Enter into a compromise or refer a matter to
arbitration.” The signature of a party’s attorney alone is not sufficient to affect a
compromise unless the required authorization is expressly given as provided under
La.Civ.Code art. 2997. Bennett v. Great Alt. & Pac. Tea Co., Inc., 95-0410 (La.App.
1 Cir. 11/9/95), 665 So.2d 84, writ denied, 95-2981 (La. 2/9/96), 667 So.2d 536. “A
party’s counsel of record does not have authority to settle a client’s claim without
his client’s ‘clear and express consent.’” Hayes v. Rollins, 83-67, p. 1152 (La.App.
3 Cir. 1983), 435 So.2d 1151. “The general authority granted to an attorney in an
3 attorney/client contract of employment ‘to settle’ the client’s case constitutes only
authority to negotiate a settlement.” Bennett, 665 So.2d at 86.
In oral reasons for ruling in this matter, the trial judge stated: “Victor Ashy
and his client never came to an agreement with State Farm with regards to a
settlement that would release Haley Duplechin also.” We find this reasoning to be
correct considering the evidence presented and the applicable law.
State Farm contends that the October 15, 2018, email written by Attorney
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NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
19-771
JEANELL A. THOMAS
VERSUS
STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE
INSURANCE COMPANY, ET AL.
**********
APPEAL FROM THE SIXTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF ST. MARTIN, NO. 87476-B HONORABLE SUZANNE DEMAHY, DISTRICT JUDGE
JOHN D. SAUNDERS JUDGE
Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Sylvia R. Cooks, and John D. Saunders, Judges.
AFFIRMED. Thomas M. Daigle Victor R. A. Ashy Attorneys at Law 711 Johnston Street Lafayette, LA 70501 (337) 234-4049 COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE: Jeanell A. Thomas
Staci Knox Villemarette Cloyd, Wimberly & Villemarette, L.L.C. 302 La Rue France, Suite 204 Post Office Box 53951 Lafayette, LA 70505-3951 (337) 289-6906 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLANTS: State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company Haley Duplechin SAUNDERS, Judge.
In this matter we must decide whether the trial court’s denial of
Defendant/Appellant’s Motion to Compel Execution of Release and Judgment of
Dismissal was correct.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY:
On June 22, 2018, Plaintiff/Appellee, Jeanelle Thomas (“Ms. Thomas”), was
involved in a motor vehicle accident with Defendant/Appellant, Haley Duplechin
(“Ms. Duplechin”). Ms. Duplechin lost control of a vehicle in the eastbound lane
of Interstate 10, crossed the median into the oncoming lane of travel, and struck Ms.
Thomas’ vehicle. Ms. Duplechin was operating a vehicle owned by
Defendant/Appellant Olive Gisclaire (“Ms. Gisclaire”) who was insured by
Defendant/Appellant, State Farm Mutual Automobile Company (“State Farm”).
Shannon Cazad (“Mr. Cazad”) was the State Farm claims specialist assigned to this
claim.
Following the crash, Ms. Thomas retained Thomas Daigle (“Mr. Daigle”) and
Victor Ashy (“Mr. Ashy”) to represent her. Between June 22, 2018 and
approximately October 2018 various settlement negotiations ensued between Mr.
Ashy and Mr. Cazad principally via electronic mail. The electronic correspondence
from Mr. Cazad identifies only Ms. Gisclaire as the named insured. Ms. Duplechin
is never identified as an insured nor does her name appear in any correspondence.
Pursuant to Ms. Thomas’ Affidavit dated February 26, 2019, “shortly after
October 15, 2018, Victor Ashy presented her with a proposed release that included
Haley Duplechin as a party to be released” and “she refused to sign the proposed
release.” In addition, “her attorneys never suggested she compromise her claims
with Haley Duplechin” and “she never authorized her attorneys to compromise her
claims with Haley Duplechin.” Suit was filed on December 3, 2018. The suit named State Farm and Ms.
Duplechin, but did not name Ms. Gisclaire. On January 18, 2019, State Farm filed
an answer admitting that there “may have been in full force and effect a general
automobile liability insurance policy by State Farm to or on behalf of Olive Gisclaire
[policy holder] and providing coverage to Haley Duplechin [driver], but denied all
liability under said policy.”
On February 8, 2019, State Farm filed a Motion to Compel Execution of
Release and Judgment of Dismissal. Mr. Cazad’s attached Affidavit states, “This
matter was settled regarding JEANELL THOMAS on October 15, 2018. At no time
was there any discussion of any additional exchange of documents other than the
Release as a condition of settlement of this matter.”
On March 11, 2019, Mr. Ashy filed an opposition to State Farm’s Motion to
Compel wherein Mr. Ashy states, “State Farm never advised that it was insuring Ms.
Duplechin, negotiating on behalf of Ms. Duplechin, or otherwise had any
involvement with Ms. Duplechin. In this case, there was no meeting of the minds
as evidence (sic) by the unilateral inclusion of Ms. Duplechin’s [name] on the
Release by State Farm and by Ms. Thomas’ refusal to sign any Release that included
Ms. Duplechin’s name.”
On March 11, 2019, the trial court denied State Farm’s Motion to Compel
Execution of Release and Judgment of Dismissal. Judgment was signed on May 15,
2019. It is from this judgment that State Farm appeals, alleging one assignment of
error.
DISCUSSION OF THE MERITS
In its single assignment of error, State Farm alleges that the trial court erred
in denying its Motion to Compel Execution of Release and Judgment of Dismissal.
We disagree. 2 The existence of a contract is a question of fact not to be disturbed unless
clearly wrong. Rogers v. Mumford, 08-1144 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/4/09), 6 So.3d 848.
The standard of appellate review of a trial court's factual findings is well settled and has long been established in this state. A court of appeal may not set aside a trial court's or a jury's finding of fact in the absence of “manifest error” or unless it is “clearly wrong.” Our supreme court set forth a two-part test for the reversal of a factfinder's determinations: (1) The appellate court must find from the record that a reasonable factual basis does not exist for the finding of the trial court, and (2) the appellate court must further determine that the record establishes that the finding is clearly wrong (manifestly erroneous).
Earls v. McDowell, 07–17, p. 6 (La.App. 5 Cir. 5/15/07), 960 So.2d 242, 247, (citing
Stobart v. State through Dep't of Transp. and Dev., 617 So.2d 880, 882 (La.1993)).
Whether a settlement was perfected is in dispute. In Spears v. Safeway Ins.
Co. of Louisiana, 16-81 (La.App. 3 Cir. 6/1/16), 195 So.3d 654 (emphasis added),
this court noted:
Louisiana Civil Code Article 3071 provides: “A compromise is a contract whereby the parties, through concessions made by one or more of them, settle a dispute or an uncertainty concerning an obligation or other legal relationship.” Louisiana Civil Code Article 3072 requires: “A compromise shall be made in writing or recited in open court, in which case the recitation shall be susceptible of being transcribed from the record of the proceedings.” “[A] compromise is valid only if the parties share a meeting of the minds as to their intent.”
Louisiana Civil Code Article 2997 (emphasis added) provides: “Authority
must also be given expressly to: (5) Enter into a compromise or refer a matter to
arbitration.” The signature of a party’s attorney alone is not sufficient to affect a
compromise unless the required authorization is expressly given as provided under
La.Civ.Code art. 2997. Bennett v. Great Alt. & Pac. Tea Co., Inc., 95-0410 (La.App.
1 Cir. 11/9/95), 665 So.2d 84, writ denied, 95-2981 (La. 2/9/96), 667 So.2d 536. “A
party’s counsel of record does not have authority to settle a client’s claim without
his client’s ‘clear and express consent.’” Hayes v. Rollins, 83-67, p. 1152 (La.App.
3 Cir. 1983), 435 So.2d 1151. “The general authority granted to an attorney in an
3 attorney/client contract of employment ‘to settle’ the client’s case constitutes only
authority to negotiate a settlement.” Bennett, 665 So.2d at 86.
In oral reasons for ruling in this matter, the trial judge stated: “Victor Ashy
and his client never came to an agreement with State Farm with regards to a
settlement that would release Haley Duplechin also.” We find this reasoning to be
correct considering the evidence presented and the applicable law.
State Farm contends that the October 15, 2018, email written by Attorney
Ashy confirms the details of the settlement and is the writing needed for the
agreement. We disagree. There is no evidence in the record that the settlement
negotiations between Mr. Cazad and Mr. Ashy ever included Ms. Duplechin. To the
contrary, all correspondence between Mr. Cazad and Mr. Ashy, including the
October 15, 2018 correspondence from Mr. Cazad to Mr. Ashy, references only Ms.
Thomas and Ms. Gisclaire.
Additionally, Ms. Thomas submitted an affidavit which states, “[H]er
attorneys never suggested she compromise her claims with Haley Duplechin” and
“[S]he never authorized her attorneys to compromise her claims with Haley
Duplechin.” Moreover, Ms. Thomas refused to accept the release language offered
by State Farm, which included Ms. Duplechin’s name along with that of Ms.
Gisclaire and State Farm.
Given the above, the trial court properly denied State Farm’s Motion to
Compel Execution of Release and Judgment of Dismissal in this case. “A
compromise is valid only if the parties share a meeting of the minds.” Am. Bank &
Trust Co. v. Hannie, 568 So.2d 216 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1990), writ denied, 572 So.2d
64 (La.1991). “A party’s counsel of record does not have authority to settle a client’s
claim without his client’s ‘clear and express consent.’” Hayes, 435 So.2d at 1152.
Here, the record is devoid of any evidence that the parties ever enjoyed a meeting 4 of the minds as to their intent in entering into a settlement that included Ms.
Duplechin, nor is there any evidence that Ms. Thomas gave her “clear and express”
consent to do so.
CONCLUSION:
Defendant/Appellant, State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company,
asserts that the trial court erred in denying its Motion to Compel Execution of
Release and Judgment of Dismissal. We find no merit to this assertion given the
record before us. As such, we affirm the trial court’s ruling.
Costs of this proceeding are assessed to State Farm Mutual Automobile
Insurance Company.
AFFIRMED.