IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 15-0840 Filed May 25, 2016
JBS SWIFT & COMPANY, and AMERICAN ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY, Petitioners-Appellants,
vs.
ROSALVA OCHOA, Respondent-Appellee. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Mary Pat Gunderson,
Judge.
Employer and insurance carrier appeal from the order affirming the
decision of the Iowa Workers’ Compensation Commissioner. AFFIRMED.
Mark A. King and James R. Colwell of Patterson Law Firm, L.L.P., Des
Moines, for appellants.
James C. Byrne of Neifert, Byrne & Ozga, P.C., West Des Moines, for
appellee.
Heard by Potterfield, P.J., and Mullins and McDonald, JJ. 2
MCDONALD, Judge.
JBS Swift & Company and American Zurich Insurance Company
(hereinafter, collectively “employer”) appeal from the district court’s ruling on its
petition for judicial review. The district court affirmed a workers’ compensation
award in favor of claimant Rosalva Ochoa. On appeal, we apply the standards
set forth in the Iowa Administrative Procedure Act, Iowa Code chapter 17A
(2015), to determine whether we reach the same conclusions as the district
court. “If we reach the same conclusions, we affirm; otherwise we may reverse.”
Mike Brooks, Inc. v. House, 843 N.W.2d 885, 889 (Iowa 2014).
Ochoa commenced employment with JBS Swift in 2001. She assembled
boxes, packed them with meat, and carried them to a conveyor belt. The boxes
typically weighed fifty pounds or more, and it was common for Ochoa to process
700 to 1000 boxes per day. In February 2011, Ochoa started experiencing pain
in her left groin. Ochoa reported this to her supervisor; however, her supervisor
did not move her from the position or refer Ochoa to the nurse’s station. Ochoa
sought out her personal physician, Dr. Jerry Wille, and had a surgical
consultation with Dr. Stephen Van Buren. Dr. Van Buren assessed Ochoa with a
symptomatic left inguinal hernia and recommended surgery, which Dr. Van Buren
performed in March 2011. In May 2011, Ochoa was released to work with
restrictions. Ochoa returned to the same position, which required work beyond
her restrictions. She started to compensate for pain by using her right arm more.
On November 29, 2011, Ochoa was diagnosed with cervical dorsal somatic
dysfunction. On December 15, 2011, Dr. Wille noted Ochoa had a hernia and
took Ochoa off of work until December 21, 2011, and then through January 10, 3
2012. In December 2011 and January 2012, Ochoa treated with Dr. Wille. Dr.
Wille opined Ochoa suffered from cervical radiculopathy and right rotator cuff
tendinitis. In January JBS Swift terminated Ochoa’s employment for
absenteeism. Her last day of work was December 15, 2011.
Ochoa filed two arbitration petitions seeking workers’ compensation
benefits. The first petition alleged a hernia injury sustained on February 24,
2011. The second petition alleged a cumulative right shoulder injury sustained
December 15, 2011. The deputy found the claimant sustained two injuries. With
respect to the first, the deputy found Ochoa suffered a seventy percent industrial
disability. With respect to the second, the deputy found Ochoa was permanently
and totally disabled. The deputy structured the awards to prevent Ochoa from
receiving concurrent benefits, which would result in a double recovery:
permanent partial disability benefits were awarded for the period June 14, 2011
to December 15, 2011; and total disability benefits were awarded for the period
December 15, 2011, for so long as the claimant remained permanently and
totally disabled. The commissioner affirmed the award except that the
commissioner concluded that there was nothing preventing Ochoa from receiving
concurrent permanent partial disability benefits and permanent total disability
benefits. Under the commissioner’s award, Ochoa would receive both benefits
for an overlapping period of approximately 323 weeks.
The employer first challenges the industrial disability award for the first
injury. The legislature has “vested the commissioner with the discretion to make
factual determinations.” Id. Our court is bound by these factual determinations
“if they are supported by substantial evidence in the record before the court when 4
that record is viewed as a whole.” Id. Substantial evidence is defined as “the
quantity and quality of evidence that would be deemed sufficient by a neutral,
detached, and reasonable person, to establish the fact at issue when the
consequences resulting from the establishment of that fact are understood to be
serious and of great importance.” Iowa Code § 17A.19(10)(f)(1). “Evidence is
not insubstantial merely because different conclusions may be drawn from the
evidence.” Cedar Rapids Cmty. Sch. Dist. v. Pease, 807 N.W.2d 839, 845 (Iowa
2011) (citations omitted). Our court may consider evidence as substantial even if
we may have found a different conclusion than the fact finder. See id. An
industrial disability determination presents a mixed question of law and fact. See
Larson Mfg. Co., Inc. v. Thorson, 763 N.W.2d 842, 856 (Iowa 2009). “The
commissioner has a duty to state the evidence relied upon and detail the reasons
for any conclusions.” Myers v. F.C.A. Servs., Inc., 592 N.W.2d 354, 356 (Iowa
1999). “[W]e may reverse the Commissioner’s application of the law to the facts
only if it is irrational, illogical, or wholly unjustifiable.” Lakeside Casino v. Blue,
743 N.W.2d 169, 173 (Iowa 2007) (citation omitted).
“The administrative process presupposes judgment calls are to be left to
the agency. Nearly all disputes are won or lost there.” Sellers v. Emp’t Appeal
Bd., 531 N.W.2d 645, 646 (Iowa Ct. App. 1995) (citations omitted). The agency’s
findings relating to the industrial disability award are supported by substantial
evidence. Specifically, the injury, causation, and the extent of the injury are
supported by the medical records. The industrial disability determination is not
irrational, illogical, or wholly unjustifiable. Ochoa is forty-three years old. She
was born in Mexico. She has a sixth-grade education. She does not read or 5
write English. Her work history consists of unskilled physical labor. Her
employment prospects outside physical labor are limited. The medical evidence
supports the agency’s determination that the hernia injury in February 2011, and
resulting physical limitations substantially limited Ochoa’s earning capacity.
The employer requests this court reevaluate Ochoa’s permanent total
disability award if we conclude there is not substantial evidence to support
Ochoa’s permanent partial disability award. Because we affirm the agency in this
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 15-0840 Filed May 25, 2016
JBS SWIFT & COMPANY, and AMERICAN ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY, Petitioners-Appellants,
vs.
ROSALVA OCHOA, Respondent-Appellee. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Mary Pat Gunderson,
Judge.
Employer and insurance carrier appeal from the order affirming the
decision of the Iowa Workers’ Compensation Commissioner. AFFIRMED.
Mark A. King and James R. Colwell of Patterson Law Firm, L.L.P., Des
Moines, for appellants.
James C. Byrne of Neifert, Byrne & Ozga, P.C., West Des Moines, for
appellee.
Heard by Potterfield, P.J., and Mullins and McDonald, JJ. 2
MCDONALD, Judge.
JBS Swift & Company and American Zurich Insurance Company
(hereinafter, collectively “employer”) appeal from the district court’s ruling on its
petition for judicial review. The district court affirmed a workers’ compensation
award in favor of claimant Rosalva Ochoa. On appeal, we apply the standards
set forth in the Iowa Administrative Procedure Act, Iowa Code chapter 17A
(2015), to determine whether we reach the same conclusions as the district
court. “If we reach the same conclusions, we affirm; otherwise we may reverse.”
Mike Brooks, Inc. v. House, 843 N.W.2d 885, 889 (Iowa 2014).
Ochoa commenced employment with JBS Swift in 2001. She assembled
boxes, packed them with meat, and carried them to a conveyor belt. The boxes
typically weighed fifty pounds or more, and it was common for Ochoa to process
700 to 1000 boxes per day. In February 2011, Ochoa started experiencing pain
in her left groin. Ochoa reported this to her supervisor; however, her supervisor
did not move her from the position or refer Ochoa to the nurse’s station. Ochoa
sought out her personal physician, Dr. Jerry Wille, and had a surgical
consultation with Dr. Stephen Van Buren. Dr. Van Buren assessed Ochoa with a
symptomatic left inguinal hernia and recommended surgery, which Dr. Van Buren
performed in March 2011. In May 2011, Ochoa was released to work with
restrictions. Ochoa returned to the same position, which required work beyond
her restrictions. She started to compensate for pain by using her right arm more.
On November 29, 2011, Ochoa was diagnosed with cervical dorsal somatic
dysfunction. On December 15, 2011, Dr. Wille noted Ochoa had a hernia and
took Ochoa off of work until December 21, 2011, and then through January 10, 3
2012. In December 2011 and January 2012, Ochoa treated with Dr. Wille. Dr.
Wille opined Ochoa suffered from cervical radiculopathy and right rotator cuff
tendinitis. In January JBS Swift terminated Ochoa’s employment for
absenteeism. Her last day of work was December 15, 2011.
Ochoa filed two arbitration petitions seeking workers’ compensation
benefits. The first petition alleged a hernia injury sustained on February 24,
2011. The second petition alleged a cumulative right shoulder injury sustained
December 15, 2011. The deputy found the claimant sustained two injuries. With
respect to the first, the deputy found Ochoa suffered a seventy percent industrial
disability. With respect to the second, the deputy found Ochoa was permanently
and totally disabled. The deputy structured the awards to prevent Ochoa from
receiving concurrent benefits, which would result in a double recovery:
permanent partial disability benefits were awarded for the period June 14, 2011
to December 15, 2011; and total disability benefits were awarded for the period
December 15, 2011, for so long as the claimant remained permanently and
totally disabled. The commissioner affirmed the award except that the
commissioner concluded that there was nothing preventing Ochoa from receiving
concurrent permanent partial disability benefits and permanent total disability
benefits. Under the commissioner’s award, Ochoa would receive both benefits
for an overlapping period of approximately 323 weeks.
The employer first challenges the industrial disability award for the first
injury. The legislature has “vested the commissioner with the discretion to make
factual determinations.” Id. Our court is bound by these factual determinations
“if they are supported by substantial evidence in the record before the court when 4
that record is viewed as a whole.” Id. Substantial evidence is defined as “the
quantity and quality of evidence that would be deemed sufficient by a neutral,
detached, and reasonable person, to establish the fact at issue when the
consequences resulting from the establishment of that fact are understood to be
serious and of great importance.” Iowa Code § 17A.19(10)(f)(1). “Evidence is
not insubstantial merely because different conclusions may be drawn from the
evidence.” Cedar Rapids Cmty. Sch. Dist. v. Pease, 807 N.W.2d 839, 845 (Iowa
2011) (citations omitted). Our court may consider evidence as substantial even if
we may have found a different conclusion than the fact finder. See id. An
industrial disability determination presents a mixed question of law and fact. See
Larson Mfg. Co., Inc. v. Thorson, 763 N.W.2d 842, 856 (Iowa 2009). “The
commissioner has a duty to state the evidence relied upon and detail the reasons
for any conclusions.” Myers v. F.C.A. Servs., Inc., 592 N.W.2d 354, 356 (Iowa
1999). “[W]e may reverse the Commissioner’s application of the law to the facts
only if it is irrational, illogical, or wholly unjustifiable.” Lakeside Casino v. Blue,
743 N.W.2d 169, 173 (Iowa 2007) (citation omitted).
“The administrative process presupposes judgment calls are to be left to
the agency. Nearly all disputes are won or lost there.” Sellers v. Emp’t Appeal
Bd., 531 N.W.2d 645, 646 (Iowa Ct. App. 1995) (citations omitted). The agency’s
findings relating to the industrial disability award are supported by substantial
evidence. Specifically, the injury, causation, and the extent of the injury are
supported by the medical records. The industrial disability determination is not
irrational, illogical, or wholly unjustifiable. Ochoa is forty-three years old. She
was born in Mexico. She has a sixth-grade education. She does not read or 5
write English. Her work history consists of unskilled physical labor. Her
employment prospects outside physical labor are limited. The medical evidence
supports the agency’s determination that the hernia injury in February 2011, and
resulting physical limitations substantially limited Ochoa’s earning capacity.
The employer requests this court reevaluate Ochoa’s permanent total
disability award if we conclude there is not substantial evidence to support
Ochoa’s permanent partial disability award. Because we affirm the agency in this
respect, we do not reevaluate Ochoa’s permanent total disability award.
The employer next argues that the award of concurrent permanent partial
disability benefits and permanent total disability benefits is a double recovery
prohibited by Iowa Code section 85.34(3)(b). The employer relies on the plain
language of the statute and several compelling public policy arguments in favor
of the conclusion that a claimant should not be able to receive both benefits at
the same time. The employer’s argument fails for two reasons. First, the
supreme court has considered the issue and explicitly allowed concurrent
permanent partial and permanent total disability awards for successive injuries
sustained with the same employer. See Drake Univ. v. Davis, 769 N.W.2d 176,
180-81, 185 (Iowa 2009). “We are not at liberty to overrule controlling supreme
court precedent.” State v. Beck, 854 N.W.2d 56, 64 (Iowa Ct. App. 2014).
Second, the employer has not preserved error. “We have held a party preserves
error on an issue before an agency if a party raises the issue in the agency
proceeding before the agency issues a final decision and both sides have had an
opportunity to address the issue.” Staff Mgmt. v. Jimenez, 839 N.W.2d 640, 647
(Iowa 2013). Here, the employer never presented its argument regarding Iowa 6
Code section 85.34(3)(b) to the agency. The first time the issue was raised was
in the district court. See Interstate Power Co. v. Iowa State Commerce Comm'n,
463 N.W.2d 699, 701 (Iowa 1990) (“It is true that we have consistently held that a
party is precluded from raising issues in the district court that were not raised and
litigated before the agency.”). Error has not been preserved.
AFFIRMED.