1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 JAVIER TREVINO CHAUTLA, Case No.: 3:26-cv-1447-JES-AHG
12 Petitioner, ORDER GRANTING THE 13 v. PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 2241 DETENCION CENTER; ALEJANDRO 15 MAYORKAS, SECRETARY OF [ECF NO. 1] 16 HOMELAND SECURITY; U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS 17 ENFORCEMENT (ICE), A HOMELAND SECURITY, 19 Respondents. 20 21 22 23 24 Before the Court is Petitioner Javier Trevino Chautla’s (“Petitioner”) Petition for a 25 Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. ECF No. 1, (“Pet.”). Pursuant to the 26 Court’s Order to Show Cause, Respondents (the “Government”) filed the Response. ECF 27 Nos. 2; 6, (“Res.”). The Court then took the matter under submission. For the reasons set 28 forth below, the Court GRANTS the Petition. 2 Petitioner is a Mexican citizen who illegally entered the United States without 3 inspection on some unknown date. Res. at 1; ECF No. 6-1 at 1. On February 1, 2025, 4 following his second arrest for driving under the influence (“DUI”), Respondents took 5 Petitioner into custody, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b), in Tampa, Florida. Res. at 1. 6 Respondents then determined Petitioner to be inadmissible and initiated removal 7 proceedings, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1229(a), against him. Id. On April 8, 2025, Petitioner 8 requested a custody redetermination hearing, but Petitioner withdrew his request for a bond 9 hearing on April 25, 2025. ECF No. 6-1 at 14; id. at 11. 10 To date, Petitioner has not filed an asylum or CAT claim. However, Petitioner 11 applied for Cancellation of Removal for Nonpermanent residents, under INA § 12 240A(b)(2). Id. at 24-25. On March 12, 2026, an immigration judge (“IJ”) found Petitioner 13 removable and denied his Cancellation of Removal application. Id. at 25. Petitioner has 14 until April 13, 2026, to appeal the IJ's decision, therefore, the removal order is not yet 15 administratively final. Id. at 27; Res. at 1. Thus, Petitioner is currently being detained by 16 Respondents under Section 1225, not Section 1231. Id. Petitioner seeks habeas relief based 17 on the contention that his continued detention, without being provided a bond hearing, 18 constitutes an arbitrary deprivation of liberty in violation of the Fifth Amendment. 20 The Court finds that the Petition’s issues are identical to those raised in the Court’s 21 decision in Velazquez-Beltran v. Noem, No. 3:26-CV-959-JES-MSB, 2026 WL 524056 22 (S.D. Cal. Feb. 25, 2026). The Court, therefore, elects to follow the reasoning it stated in 23 Velazquez-Beltran and incorporates it by reference. Id. 24 A. Jurisdiction 25 Although it raises no arguments to support such a request, the Government asks the 26 Court to deny the Petition for lack of jurisdiction. The Court will do no such thing. 27 Based on the facts of this Petition, the Court finds that Section 1252's jurisdiction 28 stripping provisions do not bar it from considering Petitioner's habeas petition. Further, the 1 prudential administrative exhaustion requirement for Section 2241 claims is excused. 2 Imposing this requirement would be futile due to the BIA’s precedential decision in Matter 3 of Yajure Hurtado, 29 I&N 216 (BIA 2025). Thus, the Court finds that it has jurisdiction 4 to hear the Petition. 5 B. Section 1226 Governs Petitioner’s Detention 6 The Government’s substantive response argues that the Petition should be denied 7 because: (1) Petitioner is mandatorily detained under 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b)(2); and (2) his 8 detention is not unconstitutionally prolonged. Res. at 3-10. 9 The first argument squarely conflicts with the overwhelming number of courts, not 10 only from this Circuit but across the nation, that have come to the opposite conclusion. See, 11 e.g., Hasan v. Crawford, No. 1:25-CV-1408, 2025 WL 2682255, at *9 (E.D. Va. Sept. 19, 12 2025) (“For all these reasons, ... Hasan's detention is governed by § 1226(a)’s discretionary 13 framework, not § 1225(b)’s mandatory detention procedures.”); Rodriguez v. Bostock, 779 14 F. Supp. 3d 1239, 1261 (W.D. Wash. 2025) (“Rodriguez has shown that the text of Section 15 1226, canons of interpretation, legislative history, and longstanding agency practice 16 indicate that he is governed under Section 1226(a)’s ‘default’ rule for discretionary 17 detention. The Court is persuaded that Rodriguez is likely to succeed on the merits that he 18 is unlawfully detained under Section 1225(b)(2)’s mandatory detention provision.”); 19 Pizarro Reyes v. Raycraft, No. 25-cv-12546, 2025 WL 2609425, at *7 (E.D. Mich. Sept. 20 19, 2025) (“The BIA's decision to pivot from three decades of consistent statutory 21 interpretation and call for Pizarro Reyes’ detention under § 1225(b)(2)(A) is at odds with 22 every District Court that has been confronted with the same question of statutory 23 interpretation. At least a dozen federal courts concur generally with this Court's 24 interpretation of the statutory language as applied in this context.”); Barrera v. Tindall, No. 25 3:25-CV-541, 2025 WL 2690565, at *5 (W.D. Ky. Sept. 19, 2025) (“Courts across the 26 country have been faced with similar questions of law and fact presented by the United 27 States. And every court who has examined this novel interpretation of Section 1225 by the 28 United States has rejected their theory and adopted Petitioner's. This includes courts within 1 the Sixth Circuit, and across the country.”); Vazquez v. Feeley, No. 2:25-CV-01542, 2025 2 WL 2676082, at *16 (D. Nev. Sept. 17, 2025) (“In sum, the Court finds that the text and 3 canons of statutory interpretation, including the legislative history, regulations, and long 4 history of consistent agency practice, as well as the doctrine of constitutional avoidance, 5 demonstrate that Petitioner is likely to succeed in establishing he and similarly situated 6 noncitizens are subject to detention under § 1226(a) and its implementing regulations, not 7 § 1225(b)(2)(A).”). 8 Here, Petitioner entered the United States without inspection, he was not 9 apprehended upon arrival but had been living in the country for well over five years prior 10 to this detention. The length of Petitioner’s residency is evidenced by the date that 11 Petitioner was first arrested for DUI (i.e., July 15, 2018). See ECF No. 6-1 at 4. These facts 12 support the Court’s finding that Section 1226(a)—and not Section 1225(b)(1) or Section 13 1231—governs Petitioner’s detention. See Jennings v. Rodriguez, 583 U.S. 281, 288 14 (2018). 15 Having established that Petitioner’s detention is governed by Section 1226(a), the 16 Court further finds that Petitioner is a member of the Maldonado Bautista Bond Eligible 17 Class. See Bautista v. Santacruz, No. 5:25-cv-01873-SSS-BFM, --- F.Supp.3d ---, 2025 18 WL 3713987, at *32 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 18, 2025), judgment entered sub nom. Maldonado 19 Bautista v. Noem, 2025 WL 3678485 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 18, 2025) (defining the class as “All 20 noncitizens in the United States without lawful status who (1) have entered or will enter 21 the United States without inspection; (2) were not or will not be apprehended upon arrival; 22 and (3) are not or will not be subject to detention under 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c), § 1225(b)(1), 23 or § 1231 at the time the Department of Homeland Security makes an initial custody 24 determination.”).
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 JAVIER TREVINO CHAUTLA, Case No.: 3:26-cv-1447-JES-AHG
12 Petitioner, ORDER GRANTING THE 13 v. PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 2241 DETENCION CENTER; ALEJANDRO 15 MAYORKAS, SECRETARY OF [ECF NO. 1] 16 HOMELAND SECURITY; U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS 17 ENFORCEMENT (ICE), A HOMELAND SECURITY, 19 Respondents. 20 21 22 23 24 Before the Court is Petitioner Javier Trevino Chautla’s (“Petitioner”) Petition for a 25 Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. ECF No. 1, (“Pet.”). Pursuant to the 26 Court’s Order to Show Cause, Respondents (the “Government”) filed the Response. ECF 27 Nos. 2; 6, (“Res.”). The Court then took the matter under submission. For the reasons set 28 forth below, the Court GRANTS the Petition. 2 Petitioner is a Mexican citizen who illegally entered the United States without 3 inspection on some unknown date. Res. at 1; ECF No. 6-1 at 1. On February 1, 2025, 4 following his second arrest for driving under the influence (“DUI”), Respondents took 5 Petitioner into custody, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b), in Tampa, Florida. Res. at 1. 6 Respondents then determined Petitioner to be inadmissible and initiated removal 7 proceedings, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1229(a), against him. Id. On April 8, 2025, Petitioner 8 requested a custody redetermination hearing, but Petitioner withdrew his request for a bond 9 hearing on April 25, 2025. ECF No. 6-1 at 14; id. at 11. 10 To date, Petitioner has not filed an asylum or CAT claim. However, Petitioner 11 applied for Cancellation of Removal for Nonpermanent residents, under INA § 12 240A(b)(2). Id. at 24-25. On March 12, 2026, an immigration judge (“IJ”) found Petitioner 13 removable and denied his Cancellation of Removal application. Id. at 25. Petitioner has 14 until April 13, 2026, to appeal the IJ's decision, therefore, the removal order is not yet 15 administratively final. Id. at 27; Res. at 1. Thus, Petitioner is currently being detained by 16 Respondents under Section 1225, not Section 1231. Id. Petitioner seeks habeas relief based 17 on the contention that his continued detention, without being provided a bond hearing, 18 constitutes an arbitrary deprivation of liberty in violation of the Fifth Amendment. 20 The Court finds that the Petition’s issues are identical to those raised in the Court’s 21 decision in Velazquez-Beltran v. Noem, No. 3:26-CV-959-JES-MSB, 2026 WL 524056 22 (S.D. Cal. Feb. 25, 2026). The Court, therefore, elects to follow the reasoning it stated in 23 Velazquez-Beltran and incorporates it by reference. Id. 24 A. Jurisdiction 25 Although it raises no arguments to support such a request, the Government asks the 26 Court to deny the Petition for lack of jurisdiction. The Court will do no such thing. 27 Based on the facts of this Petition, the Court finds that Section 1252's jurisdiction 28 stripping provisions do not bar it from considering Petitioner's habeas petition. Further, the 1 prudential administrative exhaustion requirement for Section 2241 claims is excused. 2 Imposing this requirement would be futile due to the BIA’s precedential decision in Matter 3 of Yajure Hurtado, 29 I&N 216 (BIA 2025). Thus, the Court finds that it has jurisdiction 4 to hear the Petition. 5 B. Section 1226 Governs Petitioner’s Detention 6 The Government’s substantive response argues that the Petition should be denied 7 because: (1) Petitioner is mandatorily detained under 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b)(2); and (2) his 8 detention is not unconstitutionally prolonged. Res. at 3-10. 9 The first argument squarely conflicts with the overwhelming number of courts, not 10 only from this Circuit but across the nation, that have come to the opposite conclusion. See, 11 e.g., Hasan v. Crawford, No. 1:25-CV-1408, 2025 WL 2682255, at *9 (E.D. Va. Sept. 19, 12 2025) (“For all these reasons, ... Hasan's detention is governed by § 1226(a)’s discretionary 13 framework, not § 1225(b)’s mandatory detention procedures.”); Rodriguez v. Bostock, 779 14 F. Supp. 3d 1239, 1261 (W.D. Wash. 2025) (“Rodriguez has shown that the text of Section 15 1226, canons of interpretation, legislative history, and longstanding agency practice 16 indicate that he is governed under Section 1226(a)’s ‘default’ rule for discretionary 17 detention. The Court is persuaded that Rodriguez is likely to succeed on the merits that he 18 is unlawfully detained under Section 1225(b)(2)’s mandatory detention provision.”); 19 Pizarro Reyes v. Raycraft, No. 25-cv-12546, 2025 WL 2609425, at *7 (E.D. Mich. Sept. 20 19, 2025) (“The BIA's decision to pivot from three decades of consistent statutory 21 interpretation and call for Pizarro Reyes’ detention under § 1225(b)(2)(A) is at odds with 22 every District Court that has been confronted with the same question of statutory 23 interpretation. At least a dozen federal courts concur generally with this Court's 24 interpretation of the statutory language as applied in this context.”); Barrera v. Tindall, No. 25 3:25-CV-541, 2025 WL 2690565, at *5 (W.D. Ky. Sept. 19, 2025) (“Courts across the 26 country have been faced with similar questions of law and fact presented by the United 27 States. And every court who has examined this novel interpretation of Section 1225 by the 28 United States has rejected their theory and adopted Petitioner's. This includes courts within 1 the Sixth Circuit, and across the country.”); Vazquez v. Feeley, No. 2:25-CV-01542, 2025 2 WL 2676082, at *16 (D. Nev. Sept. 17, 2025) (“In sum, the Court finds that the text and 3 canons of statutory interpretation, including the legislative history, regulations, and long 4 history of consistent agency practice, as well as the doctrine of constitutional avoidance, 5 demonstrate that Petitioner is likely to succeed in establishing he and similarly situated 6 noncitizens are subject to detention under § 1226(a) and its implementing regulations, not 7 § 1225(b)(2)(A).”). 8 Here, Petitioner entered the United States without inspection, he was not 9 apprehended upon arrival but had been living in the country for well over five years prior 10 to this detention. The length of Petitioner’s residency is evidenced by the date that 11 Petitioner was first arrested for DUI (i.e., July 15, 2018). See ECF No. 6-1 at 4. These facts 12 support the Court’s finding that Section 1226(a)—and not Section 1225(b)(1) or Section 13 1231—governs Petitioner’s detention. See Jennings v. Rodriguez, 583 U.S. 281, 288 14 (2018). 15 Having established that Petitioner’s detention is governed by Section 1226(a), the 16 Court further finds that Petitioner is a member of the Maldonado Bautista Bond Eligible 17 Class. See Bautista v. Santacruz, No. 5:25-cv-01873-SSS-BFM, --- F.Supp.3d ---, 2025 18 WL 3713987, at *32 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 18, 2025), judgment entered sub nom. Maldonado 19 Bautista v. Noem, 2025 WL 3678485 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 18, 2025) (defining the class as “All 20 noncitizens in the United States without lawful status who (1) have entered or will enter 21 the United States without inspection; (2) were not or will not be apprehended upon arrival; 22 and (3) are not or will not be subject to detention under 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c), § 1225(b)(1), 23 or § 1231 at the time the Department of Homeland Security makes an initial custody 24 determination.”). 25 Petitioner is, therefore, entitled to the declaratory relief entered by the Central 26 District of California; that his current detention under 8 U.S.C. § 1225, is unlawful. See 27 Hernandez v. Otay Mesa Detention Center, 2025 WL 3724913, at *1 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 24, 28 2025) (noting that Respondents conceded that because petitioner was a member of the bond 1 || eligible class he was considered detained under 8 U.S.C. § 1226(a), pursuant to the final 2 ||judgment entered in Maldonado Bautista); see also Mohammadi v. Larose, 2025 WL 3 ||3731737, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 26, 2025) (holding that the final judgment issued in 4 || Maldonado Bautista provided independent support for why petitioner was not subject to 5 ||mandatory detention). 6 Accordingly, the Court holds that Petitioner is entitled to, and will order Respondent 7 || to provide her with, a bond hearing under Section 1226(a). 8 Ht. CONCLUSION 9 Based on the foregoing: 10 (1) The Court ORDERS Respondents to provide Petitioner with a bond 11 determination hearing, under 8 U.S.C. § 1226(a), within seven (7) days 12 of this Order, or otherwise release him from custody, under the same 13 conditions that existed before his detention; 14 (2) At the bond hearing, Respondents may not deny Petitioner bond, on the 15 basis that he is detained under 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b)(2); 16 (3) Respondents are ORDERED to FILE a Notice of Compliance within five 17 (5) days of providing Petitioner with a bond redetermination hearing; and 18 (4) The Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to CLOSE this suit. 20 || Dated: March 23, 2026 21 Sa— Sin, 22 Honorable James E. Simmons Jr 3 United States District Judge 24 25 26 27 28
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