Jassel Lopez v. State of Indiana

• Court: Indiana Court of Appeals
• Decided: October 23, 2014
• Docket: 49A02-1403-CR-183
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be Oct 23 2014, 8:42 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

MICHAEL R. FISHER GREGORY F. ZOELLER Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana

ERIC P. BABBS Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

JASSEL LOPEZ, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 49A02-1403-CR-183 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )

APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Mark D. Stoner, Judge Cause No. 49G06-1304-FB-23413

October 23, 2014

MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION

RILEY, Judge STATEMENT OF THE CASE Appellant-Defendant, Jassel Lopez (Lopez), appeals his six-year sentence after he

pled guilty to attempted armed robbery, a Class B felony, Ind. Code §§ 35-42-5-1; -41-5-1.

We affirm.

ISSUES

Lopez raises two issues on appeal which we restate as follows:

(1) Whether the trial court erred in finding that his sentence could not be served in a

community corrections program; and

(2) Whether Lopez’s sentence is inappropriate.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On March 27, 2013, Stephen Droste (Droste) was asked to deliver pizza to 8919

Autumn Woods Drive, Apartment #A, Indianapolis, Indiana. When he arrived at the

location, he noticed an individual leering outside the apartment building, and after naming

the address, Droste asked the individual if he was at the right place. The individual informed

Droste that he was in the correct address so Droste entered the apartment building. Droste

knocked on the apartment doors, and out of the three apartment units, only one tenant

answered the door. Droste learned from the tenant that he was at the right address, but

Apartment #A was nonexistent. Based on that, Droste left the building and walked to his

vehicle. Just as he was about to enter his vehicle, seventeen-year-old Lopez pointed a gun

2 at the back of Droste’s head and he told Droste, “[G]ive it up.” (Transcript. p. 20). Droste

turned, pushed the gun away, and a struggle for the gun ensued. A second male, Lopez’s

accomplice, came to assist Lopez in the struggle, but when Droste started screaming for

help, Lopez and the other male fled to a silver four-door vehicle. Similarly, the person who

Droste had first seen outside the apartment building, also ran toward the same vehicle.

Lopez sped away from the scene, but as he was leaving the parking lot, his car hit a large

decorative boulder causing it to incur front end damage. Droste also entered his vehicle and

followed Lopez’s car. While following Lopez’s vehicle, he called the police and gave a

description of the vehicle. Droste lost sight of Lopez’s car when it turned westbound on

East 86th Street.

Later that day, the police found Lopez’s car. When Detective Harry Dunn (Detective

Dunn) of the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department arrived at the location, he

observed that the vehicle had front end damage, thus matching Droste’s description of the

vehicle. After running the license plate number, the vehicle was traced back to Lopez’s

grandparents (Grandparents). Detective Dunn contacted the Grandparents who explained

that Lopez had their car in his possession. Thereafter, Detective Dunn drove to the

Grandparents’ house and obtained a consent form to search the vehicle. While Detective

Dunn was still at the Grandparents house, Grandparents called Lopez’s father and asked

him to check if his guns were in his house. Lopez’s father stated that they were missing.

Upon searching the vehicle, Detective Dunn found two guns, and the serial numbers

matched the missing guns registered to Lopez’s father.

3 On April 5, 2013, accompanied by his parents, Lopez arrived at the police station.

After signing a waiver of his rights form, Lopez told Detective Dunn that on the day of the

robbery, he was at the mall with a friend, he drove to his father’s house, took his father’s

guns, placed a fake pizza order and offered a phony address. Lopez further told Detective

Dunn that when Droste exited the apartment building, he attempted to rob him at gunpoint.

Also, Lopez stated that he acted alone.

On April 12, 2013, the State filed an Information charging Lopez with Count I,

attempted robbery, a Class B felony, I.C. §§ 35-42-5-1; -41-5-1, and Count II, criminal gang

activity, a Class D felony, I.C. § 35-45-9-3. On January 23, 2014, Lopez entered into a plea

agreement where he admitted to the attempted armed robbery charge. In exchange, the State

dismissed the criminal gang activity charge and capped Lopez’s executed sentence at six

years. On February 18, 2014, the trial court held a guilty plea hearing at which Lopez pled

guilty to attempted armed robbery and admitted the factual basis for his plea. As mitigating

factors, the trial court found that Lopez had no prior criminal history, exhibited remorse,

and took responsibility for the crime by pleading guilty. The trial court sentenced Lopez to

ten years with six years executed, four years suspended, and “one day and one day only”

since Lopez would be “deported.” (Tr. pp. 42-43).

Lopez now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.

DISCUSSION AND DECISION

I. Community Corrections

4 Lopez argues that the trial court abused its discretion because it came to an

“erroneous conclusion that it was prohibited from ordering [his] sentence [] be served

through [c]ommunity [c]orrections.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 4).1 The State counters Lopez’s

argument by stating that had the trial court utilized the alternative sentencing of placing him

in community corrections, it would have resulted in a suspension of Lopez’s six-year

sentence. We agree.

Indiana Code section 35-38-2.6-3(a) (2013) governs the placement of offenders in

community corrections and provides in part that a trial court “may at the time of sentencing,

suspend the sentence and order a person to be placed in a community corrections program

as an alternative to commitment to the Department of Correction.” (emphasis added). In

this regard, placing Lopez in community corrections would suggest a suspension of his

sentence. See Treece v. State, 10 N.E.3d 52, 60 n.4 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied

(noting that a court’s decision to utilize that alternative should result in a corresponding

suspension of the defendant’s sentence).

1 Lopez’s reliance on Barker v. State, 994 N.E.2d 306, 309 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013) trans. denied, is without merit. In Barker, the State charged Barker with: neglect of a dependent causing death, a Class A felony; battery causing death, a Class A felony; and neglect of a dependent, a Class D felony. Id. Barker pled guilty to Class A felony neglect of a dependent causing death, and in exchange, the State agreed to dismiss the remaining charges and capped the executed portion of his sentence at forty years. Id. In the end, the trial court sentenced Barker to forty-five years, with forty years executed and the remainder suspended to probation, with 120 days to be served on home detention. Id. On appeal, we conclude that Barker’s 120-day home detention was part of his executed sentence and that by ordering it in addition to his forty-year commitment to the DOC, the trial court exceeded the forty-year cap on the executed portion of his sentence. Id. at 314.

In the instant case, Lopez was sentenced to serve a nonsuspendable six-year sentence in the DOC with four years suspended. Had the trial court ordered Lopez to serve the suspended portion of his sentence in home detention, the trial court would have exceeded the six-year cap outlined in his plea agreement. Be that as it may, we find Lopez’s application of Barker erroneous. The holding in Barker would prohibit a trial court from adding home detention for the suspended portion of Lopez’s sentence; it does not give the trial court authority to order home detention as an alternative to the DOC.

5 Furthermore, we note that the six-year minimum sentence for armed robbery is

nonsuspendable. See I.C. § 35-50-2-2(b)(4)(I) (2013). Notably, though the instant case

relates to an attempted armed robbery offense, this court has previously interpreted I.C. §

35-50-2-2(b)(4)(I) (2013) to apply to attempted armed robbery even though the statutory

language does not explicitly address attempt crimes. See Strong v. State, 903 N.E.2d 164,

165-66 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (citing Haggenjos v. State, 441 N.E.2d 430 (Ind. 1982), reh’g

denied)) trans. denied. In Haggenjos, our supreme court declared that “murder” in I.C. §

35-50-2-2(b)(4)(A) also refers to attempted murder. Haggenjos, 441 N.E.2d at 434.

Similarly, the Strong court concluded Ind. Code § 35-50-2-2(b)(4)(I) applied to attempted

robbery with a deadly weapon. Following Haggenjos and Strong, we must uphold the trial

court’s determination that the six-year sentence for attempted armed robbery is

nonsuspendable. Because ordering Lopez to serve his six-year sentence in community

corrections would result in a suspension of his sentence, we find that the trial court did not

err in finding that his sentence could not be served in community corrections.

II. Inappropriate Sentence

Lastly, Lopez argues that his sentence was inappropriate in light of the nature of

the offense and his character.

Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B) provides that we “may revise a sentence authorized by

statute if, after due consideration of the trial court’s decision, [we find] that the sentence is

inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.” The

burden is on the defendant to persuade the appellate court that his or her sentence is

6 inappropriate. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006). “Ultimately the

length of the aggregate sentence and how it is to be served are the issues that matter.”

Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1224 (Ind. 2008). Whether we regard a sentence as

appropriate at the end of the day turns on our sense of the culpability of the defendant, the

severity of the crime, the damage done to others, and a myriad of other considerations that

come to light in a given case. Id.

The advisory sentence is the starting point the legislature has selected as an

appropriate sentence for the crime committed. Abbott v. State, 961 N.E.2d 1016, 1019 (Ind.

2012). At the time of his sentencing, the advisory sentence for a Class B felony was ten

years, with a minimum of six and a maximum of twenty years. Here, the trial court imposed

a ten-year sentence with six years executed, four years suspended, and one day of probation

in anticipation that Lopez would be deported after serving his sentence.

As for the nature of the offense, Lopez discredits the seriousness of his crime by

stating that “the robbery was not successful because the victim grabbed the weapon and

screamed for help. This suggests a very amateur attempt to carry out a robbery.”

(Appellant’s Br. p. 10). The State concedes that his offense was not egregious. Though the

crime may not have seemed more dreadful than most armed robbery attempts, it was still a

violent crime. On the day of the robbery, Lopez drove to his father’s house, stole two guns,

phoned Pizza Hut where he placed an order and offered a fake address. Contrary to his

assertion that he acted alone, Lopez and his friends waited for Droste in the parking lot.

When Droste exited the apartment building, Lopez approached Droste from behind, pointed

7 his gun at the back of Droste’s head, and attempted to rob him. Despite his assertion that

the robbery was amateurish, Lopez was armed with a deadly weapon, and he would have

posed a great danger to Droste had the gun gone off. At trial, Droste testified that he suffered

“two badly sprained fingers” and wore “splints on both [] fingers for two months.” (Tr. p.

28).

Turning to Lopez’s character, we find few redeeming qualities. Lopez was born in

Mexico, moved to the United States at age 3, and to Indiana at age 8. Lopez had a relatively

good upbringing. Also, Lopez had no prior contact with the justice system, and this

attempted armed robbery conviction was Lopez’s first felony conviction and, indeed, his

first conviction of any type. At the time he committed the offense, Lopez was seventeen-

years-old. The trial court considered Lopez’s age and his nonexistent criminal history.

Even with the mitigating factors, the trial court found Lopez demonstrated extremely poor

judgment when he attempted to rob Droste at gun point. Furthermore, Lopez did not lead a

law-abiding life. The Pre-Sentencing Investigation report (PSI) indicated that Lopez first

tried THC at age 12, and has used it on a daily basis and that fact reflects poorly on his

character. Although Lopez expressed remorse for his actions and entered into a plea

agreement, the State dismissed his criminal gang activity charge and capped his executed

sentence to six-years. He should not now be given an additional benefit in a further

reduction of his sentence.

Lastly, Lopez argues he should receive a lesser sentence because he is likely to be

deported after he serves his sentence. Specifically, Lopez states that for “the [DOC] to

house and feed [him] seems to be a waste of [the] [S]tate’s resources. If he is going to be

8 deported, it would [be] wiser to let [that] process take its course rather than expend the

money of the taxpayers of this [S]tate.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 11). Because Lopez’s

immigration status is unrelated to either the nature of the offenses or his character, we reject

his argument that his imminent deportation by the Immigration and Naturalization Service

after he serves his six-year sentence should trigger a downward revision of his sentence.

Given the nature of the offense and his character, we find that the six-year sentence

is appropriate.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, we conclude that (1) the trial court correctly concluded

that Lopez was not eligible to serve his executed sentence in community corrections; and

(2) Lopez’s six-year sentence is appropriate.

Affirmed.

MATHIAS, J. and CRONE, J. concur