NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-1321-19
JASON MILLER,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
BOROUGH OF BERLIN POLICE,
Defendant-Respondent. _____________________________
Argued June 1, 2021 – Decided June 21, 2021
Before Judges Rothstadt and Mayer.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Camden County, Docket No. L-3537-18.
Louis M. Barbone argued the cause for appellant (Jacobs & Barbone, PA, attorneys; Louis M. Barbone, on the brief).
Andrew S. Brown argued the cause for respondent (Brown & Connery, LLP, attorneys; Christine P. O'Hearn and Andrew S. Brown, on the brief).
PER CURIAM Plaintiff Jason Miller appeals from an October 24, 2019 order sustaining
eleven disciplinary charges issued against him by defendant Borough of Berlin
Police Department (Department) and upholding the Department's decision to
terminate his employment as a police officer. We affirm.
We summarize the facts leading to plaintiff's termination as a police
officer. Plaintiff was dispatched to a banquet hall to investigate a reported theft
of a purse. The manager of the banquet hall informed plaintiff about the theft
and presented video surveillance of an employee taking the victim's purse from
a table. The manager also provided the employee's name and address to
plaintiff. Although plaintiff watched the video with the manager, he requested
a copy in order to conduct a more detailed review at police headquarters because
plaintiff believed there was insufficient information to arrest the employee at
that time.
In addition to speaking with the manager of the banquet facility, plaintiff
spoke to the victim. Plaintiff gave the victim a stolen property report and
explained she needed to complete the document to report the stolen items. The
victim and her husband asked plaintiff about the next step in the process to
determine if the employee would be charged with a crime. He told the victim
the case was a "slam dunk," the identity of the perpetrator was "clear as day,"
A-1321-19 2 and the employee would be charged for his crime. However, plaintiff did not
arrest the employee or perform any further investigation.
Despite the victim expressing her wish to press charges, plaintiff's
incident report falsely stated the victim did not wish to pursue charges. When
the victim telephoned the Department to follow up on the matter, another officer
took the call and explained an arrest of the employee on felony charges could
have been made based on the information available and there was no need for
the victim to sign a complaint. Several days after the theft, other officers
arrested the employee, who confessed to his crime.
The Department determined plaintiff "engaged in a pattern of subsequent
conduct which included untruthful statements in his police report, to his fellow
officers and supervisor and to the victim concerning the seriousness of the crime
and the process to be followed." Plaintiff disputed the Department's allegations,
claiming mishandling of the video evidence precluded positive identification of
the perpetrator. He also asserted misleading statements were made by fellow
officers regarding his investigation of the theft. Additionally, he claimed any
mistakes in his handling of the investigation were not done with the intention to
violate Department rules.
A-1321-19 3 On February 6, 2018, the Department filed disciplinary charges against
plaintiff stemming from his investigation of the purse theft. The charges
included: violation of Department disciplinary regulations related to neglect of
duty, performance of duty, truthfulness, reports and bookings, conduct
unbecoming an officer, disobedience of orders, cowardice, and misconduct. The
Department sought plaintiff's termination pursuant to N.J.S.A. 40A:14-147.
Plaintiff appealed the charges and requested a hearing. The hearing
officer, a retired Superior Court judge, conducted hearings on May 8 and May
18, 2018, and heard testimony from several Department officers, the victim, and
plaintiff. The hearing officer issued an August 8, 2018 written decision
upholding the charges. In his written decision, the hearing officer rendered
credibility determinations, finding the victim and her husband were more
credible than plaintiff because they had no personal interest in the outcome of
the disciplinary charges. He also noted the demeanor of the victim and her
husband to be direct and their testimony forthright. On the other hand, the
hearing officer found plaintiff's testimony was not consistent and contradicted
other credible evidence proffered during the hearing, including plaintiff's body
worn camera footage of his conversation with the victim and her husband. Based
on the testimony, the hearing officer made fifty-four specific findings of fact
A-1321-19 4 regarding plaintiff's numerous violations of the Department's regulations. The
charges against plaintiff fell into three categories: intentionally false or
untruthful statements; failure to discharge his duty as a police officer; and
misconduct.
The hearing officer concluded plaintiff's actions were intentional and not
simply mistakes. He found plaintiff exhibited a pattern of deliberate behavior
by taking "no action to enforce the law and breached [a] duty owed to the public
and attempted to cover-up his inaction by misrepresentations to the victim and
other officers as well as in the documented record."
In a September 6, 2018 supplemental written decision, the hearing officer
concluded plaintiff's multiple instances of misconduct and failure to be truthful
were sufficiently severe to warrant termination of plaintiff's employment with
the Department. He noted police officers "are held to a higher standard.
Citizens have a right to expect that when dealing with [the public], police
officers will be truthful and that reports that are filed by the police would be
accurate and honest." He also found "[p]olice officers, as an essential part of
their job, must often testify in [c]ourt. One who has be determined to be
untruthful loses credibility and the ability to be an effective witness." In
addition, the hearing officer considered plaintiff's disciplinary record. Based on
A-1321-19 5 plaintiff's disciplinary history, the hearing officer concluded plaintiff "exhibited
the same type of conduct and neglect of duty on a consistent basis. Such conduct
negatively effects the operation of the [D]epartment as a whole and their ability
to perform the function in protecting the residents of the Borough of Berlin." 1
The Department issued a Final Notice of Discipline, adopting the hearing
officer's recommendation and terminating plaintiff's employment effective
September 14, 2018.
Five days later, plaintiff filed a complaint in lieu of prerogative writs
seeking de novo review of his termination under N.J.S.A. 40A:14-150. On
September 18, 2019, after several case management conferences and completion
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-1321-19
JASON MILLER,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
BOROUGH OF BERLIN POLICE,
Defendant-Respondent. _____________________________
Argued June 1, 2021 – Decided June 21, 2021
Before Judges Rothstadt and Mayer.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Camden County, Docket No. L-3537-18.
Louis M. Barbone argued the cause for appellant (Jacobs & Barbone, PA, attorneys; Louis M. Barbone, on the brief).
Andrew S. Brown argued the cause for respondent (Brown & Connery, LLP, attorneys; Christine P. O'Hearn and Andrew S. Brown, on the brief).
PER CURIAM Plaintiff Jason Miller appeals from an October 24, 2019 order sustaining
eleven disciplinary charges issued against him by defendant Borough of Berlin
Police Department (Department) and upholding the Department's decision to
terminate his employment as a police officer. We affirm.
We summarize the facts leading to plaintiff's termination as a police
officer. Plaintiff was dispatched to a banquet hall to investigate a reported theft
of a purse. The manager of the banquet hall informed plaintiff about the theft
and presented video surveillance of an employee taking the victim's purse from
a table. The manager also provided the employee's name and address to
plaintiff. Although plaintiff watched the video with the manager, he requested
a copy in order to conduct a more detailed review at police headquarters because
plaintiff believed there was insufficient information to arrest the employee at
that time.
In addition to speaking with the manager of the banquet facility, plaintiff
spoke to the victim. Plaintiff gave the victim a stolen property report and
explained she needed to complete the document to report the stolen items. The
victim and her husband asked plaintiff about the next step in the process to
determine if the employee would be charged with a crime. He told the victim
the case was a "slam dunk," the identity of the perpetrator was "clear as day,"
A-1321-19 2 and the employee would be charged for his crime. However, plaintiff did not
arrest the employee or perform any further investigation.
Despite the victim expressing her wish to press charges, plaintiff's
incident report falsely stated the victim did not wish to pursue charges. When
the victim telephoned the Department to follow up on the matter, another officer
took the call and explained an arrest of the employee on felony charges could
have been made based on the information available and there was no need for
the victim to sign a complaint. Several days after the theft, other officers
arrested the employee, who confessed to his crime.
The Department determined plaintiff "engaged in a pattern of subsequent
conduct which included untruthful statements in his police report, to his fellow
officers and supervisor and to the victim concerning the seriousness of the crime
and the process to be followed." Plaintiff disputed the Department's allegations,
claiming mishandling of the video evidence precluded positive identification of
the perpetrator. He also asserted misleading statements were made by fellow
officers regarding his investigation of the theft. Additionally, he claimed any
mistakes in his handling of the investigation were not done with the intention to
violate Department rules.
A-1321-19 3 On February 6, 2018, the Department filed disciplinary charges against
plaintiff stemming from his investigation of the purse theft. The charges
included: violation of Department disciplinary regulations related to neglect of
duty, performance of duty, truthfulness, reports and bookings, conduct
unbecoming an officer, disobedience of orders, cowardice, and misconduct. The
Department sought plaintiff's termination pursuant to N.J.S.A. 40A:14-147.
Plaintiff appealed the charges and requested a hearing. The hearing
officer, a retired Superior Court judge, conducted hearings on May 8 and May
18, 2018, and heard testimony from several Department officers, the victim, and
plaintiff. The hearing officer issued an August 8, 2018 written decision
upholding the charges. In his written decision, the hearing officer rendered
credibility determinations, finding the victim and her husband were more
credible than plaintiff because they had no personal interest in the outcome of
the disciplinary charges. He also noted the demeanor of the victim and her
husband to be direct and their testimony forthright. On the other hand, the
hearing officer found plaintiff's testimony was not consistent and contradicted
other credible evidence proffered during the hearing, including plaintiff's body
worn camera footage of his conversation with the victim and her husband. Based
on the testimony, the hearing officer made fifty-four specific findings of fact
A-1321-19 4 regarding plaintiff's numerous violations of the Department's regulations. The
charges against plaintiff fell into three categories: intentionally false or
untruthful statements; failure to discharge his duty as a police officer; and
misconduct.
The hearing officer concluded plaintiff's actions were intentional and not
simply mistakes. He found plaintiff exhibited a pattern of deliberate behavior
by taking "no action to enforce the law and breached [a] duty owed to the public
and attempted to cover-up his inaction by misrepresentations to the victim and
other officers as well as in the documented record."
In a September 6, 2018 supplemental written decision, the hearing officer
concluded plaintiff's multiple instances of misconduct and failure to be truthful
were sufficiently severe to warrant termination of plaintiff's employment with
the Department. He noted police officers "are held to a higher standard.
Citizens have a right to expect that when dealing with [the public], police
officers will be truthful and that reports that are filed by the police would be
accurate and honest." He also found "[p]olice officers, as an essential part of
their job, must often testify in [c]ourt. One who has be determined to be
untruthful loses credibility and the ability to be an effective witness." In
addition, the hearing officer considered plaintiff's disciplinary record. Based on
A-1321-19 5 plaintiff's disciplinary history, the hearing officer concluded plaintiff "exhibited
the same type of conduct and neglect of duty on a consistent basis. Such conduct
negatively effects the operation of the [D]epartment as a whole and their ability
to perform the function in protecting the residents of the Borough of Berlin." 1
The Department issued a Final Notice of Discipline, adopting the hearing
officer's recommendation and terminating plaintiff's employment effective
September 14, 2018.
Five days later, plaintiff filed a complaint in lieu of prerogative writs
seeking de novo review of his termination under N.J.S.A. 40A:14-150. On
September 18, 2019, after several case management conferences and completion
of discovery, Judge Deborah Silverman Katz heard counsels' arguments
concerning plaintiff's termination. She also reviewed nineteen exhibits
submitted without objection during oral argument.
In an October 24, 2019 written decision, the judge sustained the
Department's charges against plaintiff related to his neglect of duty,
untruthfulness, and misconduct. In rendering her determination, the judge relied
extensively on the hearing officer's credibility determinations, as well as her
1 Over a three-year span, plaintiff faced eleven disciplinary actions for various violations of Department rules and regulations. A-1321-19 6 own review of the transcripts of the proceedings before the hearing officer. In
her written decision, Judge Silverman Katz gave detailed reasons for finding
each witness's testimony credible or not credible. The judge also set forth
detailed findings of fact in support of her conclusion the Department proved by
a preponderance of the evidence plaintiff's numerous violations of Department
regulations. Judge Silverman Katz found there was "sufficient, competent, and
credible" evidence in the record, both documentary and testimonial, to sustain
eleven of the Department's disciplinary charges against plaintiff.
In addition, Judge Silverman Katz concluded termination of plaintiff's
employment with the Department was proper based on "the magnitude of
[plaintiff]'s acts of neglect and untruthfulness, his prior disciplinary record, and
the preservation of the public trust."
On appeal, plaintiff argues the judge erred in determining there was
sufficient credible evidence supporting eleven disciplinary charges against him.
In addition, plaintiff contends he was deprived of a fair hearing as a result of the
Department's violation of the Attorney General's guidelines and N.J.S.A.
40A:14-181 regarding the internal affairs investigation. He also claims the
penalty of termination was disproportionate under the totality of the
circumstances and progressive discipline should have been imposed. We
A-1321-19 7 disagree and affirm for the reasons set forth in Judge Silverman Katz's
comprehensive and thorough thirty-three-page written decision. We add the
following comments.
On de novo review of disciplinary proceedings, the trial court renders its
own findings of fact based on an independent review of the record. Rureode v.
Bor. of Hasbrouck Heights, 214 N.J. 338, 357 (2013). Our scope of review is
"to decide whether there was adequate evidence before the [] [c]ourt to justify
its finding of guilt." In re Phillips, 117 N.J. 567, 579 (1990). We will not disturb
a trial court's ruling unless "the decision below was 'arbitrary, capricious or
unreasonable' or '[un]supported by substantial credible evidence in the record as
a whole.'" Ibid. (quoting Henry v. Rahway State Prison, 81 N.J. 571, 580
(1980)).
Contrary to plaintiff's arguments, Judge Silverman Katz's decision is
supported by substantial credible evidence and was not arbitrary, capricious, or
unreasonable. Judge Silverman Katz cited extensively to the hearing testimony
and documentary evidence in support of her determination.
We also reject plaintiff's contention progressive discipline rather than
termination was the appropriate penalty for his conduct. Police officers are held
to a high standard of responsibility and conduct. Twp. of Moorestown v.
A-1321-19 8 Armstrong, 89 N.J. Super. 560, 566 (App. Div. 1965). "[A] police officer
[cannot] complain that he or she is being held to an unfairly high standard of
conduct. Rather, 'it is one of the obligations he [or she] undertakes upon
voluntary entry into the public service.'" Phillips, 117 N.J. at 577 (quoting In re
Emmons, 63 N.J. Super. 136, 142 (App. Div. 1960)).
Plaintiff's untruthfulness, neglect of duty, and misconduct were
sufficiently egregious to warrant his termination even without consideri ng his
prior disciplinary history. Plaintiff's termination from the Department was
supported by substantial, credible evidence in the record and was not arbitrary,
capricious, or unreasonable.
We decline to consider plaintiff's challenge to the legality of the internal
affairs investigation because he failed to raise the issue before the trial court.
Nieder v. Royal Indem. Ins. Co., 62 N.J. 229, 234 (1973) (declining " to consider
questions or issues not properly presented to the trial court when an opportunity
for such a presentation is available unless the questions so raised on appeal go
to the jurisdiction of the trial court or concern matters of great public interest").
Here, plaintiff's argument is not addressed to the trial court's jurisdiction
nor does it raise matters of great public concern. Plaintiff's counsel's mentioning
of the internal affairs investigation during oral argument before Judge Silverman
A-1321-19 9 Katz did not place the issue before the trial court. Pressler & Verniero, Current
N.J. Court Rules, cmt. 3 on R. 2:6-2 (2021) (stating "a mere mention of an issue
in oral argument does not require an appellate court to address it").
Affirmed.
A-1321-19 10