Opinion issued June 18, 2015
In The
Court of Appeals For The
First District of Texas ———————————— NO. 01-14-00614-CR ——————————— JASON B. JACKSON, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 176th District Court Harris County, Texas Trial Court Case No. 1365892
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The State charged appellant Jason Jackson with sexual assault. See TEX.
PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.011(a) (West 2011). Jackson waived his right to a jury
trial, and, after a trial to the bench, the trial court found him guilty. Jackson pled true to an enhancement paragraph, and the court assessed his punishment at 17
years’ confinement. On appeal, Jackson contends that the evidence is legally
insufficient to support his conviction because the complainant’s testimony was not
credible. We affirm.
Background
One night in June 2012, the complainant went with a friend to a bar in
Houston. They arrived at approximately 11:00 p.m., and the complainant drank
three margaritas. The complainant testified that about an hour after he arrived at
the bar, Jackson approached him. The complainant and Jackson talked for about
fifteen minutes. Then, Jackson invited him to his house to continue drinking, and
he agreed to go. They left the bar and went to a gas station. Jackson gave the
complainant an orange soda in an open container, and the complainant drank it.
Jackson then drove him to his house. The complainant felt dizzy during the drive.
When they arrived at Jackson’s house, the lights were off. Jackson
explained that he had not paid his electricity bill. Jackson took the complainant by
the hand and led him to a bedroom. Jackson began to take off the complainant’s
clothes, and the complainant resisted and told him to stop. The complainant
testified that Jackson took off his own clothes, put the complainant on the bed, and
inserted his penis into the complainant’s anus. The complainant told Jackson to
stop again, and Jackson held down the complainant and hit him twice in the face.
2 Jackson took $60 from the complainant’s wallet, and the complainant pushed him,
which knocked over a soda. As Jackson began to clean up the drink, the
complainant ran away down the street. He approached a woman, who was sitting
outside a nearby house, and asked her to call 911 because he had been raped. The
woman spoke to an emergency operator and waited outside until the police arrived.
That night, a sexual assault nurse examined the complainant and wrote a
report. She testified at trial. On the night of the incident, the complainant told her
that Jackson “may have put something in my drink.” A lab test did not detect
Rohypnol in the complainant’s system, but the lab did not test for GHB, another
date-rape drug.
The complainant identified Jackson from a photo lineup prepared by the
Houston Police Department. The State also presented evidence that DNA secured
from the sexual assault examination done on the night of the incident matched
Jackson’s DNA sample.
While investigating the crime, a Houston Police Department officer
interviewed Jackson. Jackson told the officer that he had not engaged in sexual
activity with men.
During the trial, the complainant testified that he feared that Jackson might
kill him during the encounter, that he struggled, and that he was crying and told
Jackson that he wanted to leave. The complainant acknowledged that he had
3 applied for a resident visa based on his status as a victim of a violent crime after
the assault occurred. He also testified that he had been granted political asylum,
which he had applied for when he first entered the United States.
Discussion
Standard of Review and Applicable Law
Under the standard of review for legal sufficiency challenges, evidence is
insufficient to support a conviction if, considering all the record evidence in the
light most favorable to the verdict, no rational factfinder could have found that
each essential element of the charged offense was proven beyond a reasonable
doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789 (1979); In re
Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 362, 90 S. Ct. 1068, 1071 (1970); Laster v. State, 275
S.W.3d 512, 517 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009); Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750
(Tex. Crim. App. 2007). We defer to the factfinder’s evaluation of the credibility
and weight of the evidence and its resolution of conflicting testimony. Williams,
235 S.W.3d at 750. We consider the combined force of the evidence and
determine whether any necessary inferences have a reasonable basis. Clayton v.
State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). We presume that the
factfinder resolved any conflicting inferences in favor of the verdict and defer to
that resolution. Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326, 99 S. Ct. at 2793; Clayton, 235 S.W.3d
at 778.
4 A person is guilty of sexual assault if the person “intentionally or knowingly
. . . causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person by any
means, without that person’s consent.” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.011(a)(1)(A).
A sexual assault under section 22.011(a)(1) is without the consent of the other
person if “the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by the use of
physical force or violence.” Id. § 22.011(b)(1).
A conviction under section 22.011 of the Texas Penal Code “is supportable
on the uncorroborated testimony of the victim of the sexual offense if the victim
informed any person, other than the defendant, of the alleged offense within one
year after the date on which the offense is alleged to have occurred.” TEX. CODE
CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.07 (West 2011).
Analysis
Jackson contends that the evidence is legally insufficient to show that
Jackson forced the complainant to participate by physical force of violence because
the complainant’s testimony was not credible. Specifically, Jackson argues that the
complainant’s testimony that he did not consent to the sexual activity was not
believable, given that the complainant conceded that he had agreed to accompany
Jackson to his house and had agreed to walk hand-in-hand with him to his
bedroom. He further argues that the complainant’s motivation for claiming that he
was assaulted was that he would qualify for resident status by cooperating as a
5 victim of a violent crime. Finally, Jackson argues that the complainant’s testimony
at trial conflicted with his statements to the nurse examiner on the night of the
incident regarding Jackson’s potential administration of a date-rape drug.
None of these arguments warrant reversal. In both his statement to the nurse
and at trial, the complainant stated that Jackson may have drugged his soda.
Although the complainant testified that he went to Jackson’s house willingly, the
State adduced evidence that the complainant did not consent to sexual relations and
struggled during the encounter in the bedroom. In addition, the complainant
testified that Jackson physically restrained him and slapped his face, that the
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Opinion issued June 18, 2015
In The
Court of Appeals For The
First District of Texas ———————————— NO. 01-14-00614-CR ——————————— JASON B. JACKSON, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 176th District Court Harris County, Texas Trial Court Case No. 1365892
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The State charged appellant Jason Jackson with sexual assault. See TEX.
PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.011(a) (West 2011). Jackson waived his right to a jury
trial, and, after a trial to the bench, the trial court found him guilty. Jackson pled true to an enhancement paragraph, and the court assessed his punishment at 17
years’ confinement. On appeal, Jackson contends that the evidence is legally
insufficient to support his conviction because the complainant’s testimony was not
credible. We affirm.
Background
One night in June 2012, the complainant went with a friend to a bar in
Houston. They arrived at approximately 11:00 p.m., and the complainant drank
three margaritas. The complainant testified that about an hour after he arrived at
the bar, Jackson approached him. The complainant and Jackson talked for about
fifteen minutes. Then, Jackson invited him to his house to continue drinking, and
he agreed to go. They left the bar and went to a gas station. Jackson gave the
complainant an orange soda in an open container, and the complainant drank it.
Jackson then drove him to his house. The complainant felt dizzy during the drive.
When they arrived at Jackson’s house, the lights were off. Jackson
explained that he had not paid his electricity bill. Jackson took the complainant by
the hand and led him to a bedroom. Jackson began to take off the complainant’s
clothes, and the complainant resisted and told him to stop. The complainant
testified that Jackson took off his own clothes, put the complainant on the bed, and
inserted his penis into the complainant’s anus. The complainant told Jackson to
stop again, and Jackson held down the complainant and hit him twice in the face.
2 Jackson took $60 from the complainant’s wallet, and the complainant pushed him,
which knocked over a soda. As Jackson began to clean up the drink, the
complainant ran away down the street. He approached a woman, who was sitting
outside a nearby house, and asked her to call 911 because he had been raped. The
woman spoke to an emergency operator and waited outside until the police arrived.
That night, a sexual assault nurse examined the complainant and wrote a
report. She testified at trial. On the night of the incident, the complainant told her
that Jackson “may have put something in my drink.” A lab test did not detect
Rohypnol in the complainant’s system, but the lab did not test for GHB, another
date-rape drug.
The complainant identified Jackson from a photo lineup prepared by the
Houston Police Department. The State also presented evidence that DNA secured
from the sexual assault examination done on the night of the incident matched
Jackson’s DNA sample.
While investigating the crime, a Houston Police Department officer
interviewed Jackson. Jackson told the officer that he had not engaged in sexual
activity with men.
During the trial, the complainant testified that he feared that Jackson might
kill him during the encounter, that he struggled, and that he was crying and told
Jackson that he wanted to leave. The complainant acknowledged that he had
3 applied for a resident visa based on his status as a victim of a violent crime after
the assault occurred. He also testified that he had been granted political asylum,
which he had applied for when he first entered the United States.
Discussion
Standard of Review and Applicable Law
Under the standard of review for legal sufficiency challenges, evidence is
insufficient to support a conviction if, considering all the record evidence in the
light most favorable to the verdict, no rational factfinder could have found that
each essential element of the charged offense was proven beyond a reasonable
doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789 (1979); In re
Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 362, 90 S. Ct. 1068, 1071 (1970); Laster v. State, 275
S.W.3d 512, 517 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009); Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750
(Tex. Crim. App. 2007). We defer to the factfinder’s evaluation of the credibility
and weight of the evidence and its resolution of conflicting testimony. Williams,
235 S.W.3d at 750. We consider the combined force of the evidence and
determine whether any necessary inferences have a reasonable basis. Clayton v.
State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). We presume that the
factfinder resolved any conflicting inferences in favor of the verdict and defer to
that resolution. Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326, 99 S. Ct. at 2793; Clayton, 235 S.W.3d
at 778.
4 A person is guilty of sexual assault if the person “intentionally or knowingly
. . . causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person by any
means, without that person’s consent.” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.011(a)(1)(A).
A sexual assault under section 22.011(a)(1) is without the consent of the other
person if “the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by the use of
physical force or violence.” Id. § 22.011(b)(1).
A conviction under section 22.011 of the Texas Penal Code “is supportable
on the uncorroborated testimony of the victim of the sexual offense if the victim
informed any person, other than the defendant, of the alleged offense within one
year after the date on which the offense is alleged to have occurred.” TEX. CODE
CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.07 (West 2011).
Analysis
Jackson contends that the evidence is legally insufficient to show that
Jackson forced the complainant to participate by physical force of violence because
the complainant’s testimony was not credible. Specifically, Jackson argues that the
complainant’s testimony that he did not consent to the sexual activity was not
believable, given that the complainant conceded that he had agreed to accompany
Jackson to his house and had agreed to walk hand-in-hand with him to his
bedroom. He further argues that the complainant’s motivation for claiming that he
was assaulted was that he would qualify for resident status by cooperating as a
5 victim of a violent crime. Finally, Jackson argues that the complainant’s testimony
at trial conflicted with his statements to the nurse examiner on the night of the
incident regarding Jackson’s potential administration of a date-rape drug.
None of these arguments warrant reversal. In both his statement to the nurse
and at trial, the complainant stated that Jackson may have drugged his soda.
Although the complainant testified that he went to Jackson’s house willingly, the
State adduced evidence that the complainant did not consent to sexual relations and
struggled during the encounter in the bedroom. In addition, the complainant
testified that Jackson physically restrained him and slapped his face, that the
complainant resisted the assault, that he feared for his life, and that he was crying
and telling Jackson to let him go. We defer to the factfinder’s determination of
witness credibility. See Williams, 235 S.W.3d at 750. Similarly, the trial court
could have credited the complainant’s testimony that he did not consent to the
sexual activity and struggled with Jackson during the encounter, despite a potential
motive to obtain a U-Visa. We defer to the factfinder’s resolution of conflicting
inferences if supported by a reasonable basis. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326, 99
S. Ct. at 2793; Clayton, 235 S.W.3d at 778.
Because the trial court could have credited the complainant’s testimony
that he was sexually assaulted and did not engage in a consensual sexual
6 encounter, we hold that legally sufficient evidence supports the conviction. See
Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319, 99 S. Ct. at 2789; Williams, 235 S.W.3d at 750.
Conclusion
We hold that the evidence is legally sufficient to support Jackson’s
conviction. We therefore affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Jane Bland Justice
Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Bland, and Brown.
Do not publish. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).