Jarchow & Sons v. Pickens

1 N.W. 598, 51 Iowa 381

• Court: Supreme Court of Iowa
• Decided: June 11, 1879
• Status: Published

Opinion

Adams, J.

i mortgage • orityoverpri" íandiord’s lien. — The court made the certificate necessary to give this court jurisdiction, certifying that “the question involved as "^10 kas the superior right — a mortgagee °f personal property under a mortgage duly recorded, or a landlord who, after the recording of such mortgage, leases a farm to the mortgagor, taking the mortgaged property upon the demised premises and there using it during the term of the lease, said property not being exempt from execution, and the mortgagee knowing that the mortgaged property is being used by the mortgagor upon the demiséd premises.”

The defendant insists that his lien is paramount, for two reasons. In the first place, it is said it is given by statute, which makes no provision for protecting any other liens on the property; and in the second place, if his lien did not become paramount simply by force of the statute, he claims it should be held to be so by reason of the fact that the plaintiffs allowed the horses to be used upon the leased premises during the term of the lease, knowing at the time that they were being so used.

In connection with the first proposition our attention is called to the common law rule which allowed the landlord to distrain for rent property belonging to a stranger if he suffered the property to be used by the tenant upon the leased premises during the term of the lease. The rule was doubtless based upon the supposed necessity of allowing the landlord to rely for security upon such property, either because he might naturally infer it belonged to the tenant, or because the premises afforded a place for its utilization, or for both reasons. Now while this rule is abrogated so far as to preclude the landlord from having a lien upon property not belonging to the tenant, yet, whatever reasons there were for the rule, existing as they did in the nature of things, and being as much in force as ever, it should, it is insisted, be held to be sufficient to exclude mere liens upon the property, so far as they may interfere with the lien given by statute to the landlord.

As to this we think it may be said that the mortgage lien, which is given also by statute, being prior in time, must be regarded as paramount in the absence of any statutory provision allowing a subsequent lien to supersede it. If we are correct in this, then the fact that the plaintiffs looked on and saw the horses used upon the leased premises would not have the effect to subordinate their lien. Besides, if we did not regard this matter as substantially controlled by statute, we should hesitate to adopt a rule which would make it necessary for a mortgagee of personal property to deprive the mortgagor of possession whenever he should attempt to use the ■property upon leased premises. It was, doubtless, important to Prosch, the mortgagor in this case, to be allowed to obtain credit by mortgaging his horses and still use them upon the leased premises. If the landlord, seeing that Prosch had nothing but mortgaged horses to use upon the premises, distrusted his security he-should have refused to lease, or secured himself otherwise. However desirable it may be to facilitate the leasing of property to poor persons, by affording the lessors every reasonable security, we should not be justified in adopting a rule which would tend so greatly to impair the value of all chattel mortgages.

Affirmed.