MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be Jun 26 2018, 6:55 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any CLERK Indiana Supreme Court court except for the purpose of establishing Court of Appeals and Tax Court the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE R. Patrick Magrath Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Alcorn Sage Schwartz & Magrath, LLP Attorney General of Indiana Madison, Indiana Henry A. Flores, Jr. Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
James Timothy Spears, June 26, 2018 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 40A04-1708-CR-2022 v. Appeal from the Jennings Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Alison T. Frazier, Appellee-Plaintiff. Senior Judge
Trial Court Cause No. 40D01-0012-CM-1278
Barnes, Senior Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 1 of 9 Case Summary [1] James Spears appeals his convictions for Class B misdemeanor battery and
Class B misdemeanor disorderly conduct. We affirm.
Issues [2] Spears raises two issues, which we restate as:
I. whether the trial court properly denied Spears’s motion to dismiss on constitutional speedy trial grounds; and
II. whether the evidence is sufficient to sustain his convictions.
Facts [3] On October 31, 2000, Spears got into an argument with his wife, Kimberly.
The argument escalated into a “shoving match,” and Spears grabbed
Kimberly’s neck, dragged her to the door, and kicked her out. Tr. Vol. II p.
139. She had red marks on her neck and shoulder and scraped her arm on the
door during the incident. On December 5, 2000, the State charged Spears with
Class B misdemeanor battery and Class B misdemeanor disorderly conduct.
On January 23, 2001, and July 25, 2001, the trial court issued arrest warrants
for Spears’s failure to appear.
[4] On October 20, 2016, the trial court issued an order for Spears to appear on
November 17, 2016, and he again failed to appear. The trial court issued
another arrest warrant, and he was arrested in Kentucky. Spears filed a motion
to dismiss the charges, arguing that the almost sixteen-year delay violated his
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 2 of 9 speedy trial rights. At a hearing on the motion, Spears clarified that his
argument was based on the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
and Article One Section Twelve of the Indiana Constitution, not Indiana
Criminal Rule 4. Spears testified that he had moved to Kentucky shortly after
the charges were filed in 2000, that he thought Kimberly had taken care of the
charges, and that before he moved he had given the court an updated address
on Sales Lane, Cave City, Kentucky. He claimed that he was prejudiced by
the delay because he had lost a business opportunity. The State asked the trial
court to take judicial notice that the record did not indicate that Spears had
updated the court with an address change. The trial court concluded that the
length of the delay was presumptively prejudicial and that the delay was
attributable to Spears because he left the jurisdiction. The trial court denied
Spears’s motion.
[5] At the jury trial, Sergeant Andrew Richmond with the North Vernon Police
Department testified that Spears informed him that he got mad at Kimberly and
grabbed her on her shoulder and neck. Sergeant Richmond saw redness on
Kimberly’s neck and shoulder and abrasions on her right forearm. However,
photographs of the injuries were no longer available. The jury found Spears
guilty as charged, and the trial court sentenced him to ninety days in jail. Spears
now appeals.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 3 of 9 Analysis I. Speedy Trial
[6] “The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article 1, Section
12 of the Indiana Constitution guarantee the right to a speedy trial.” Wilkins v.
State, 901 N.E.2d 535, 537 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied. The standard of
review for a speedy trial issue, which is a pure question of law, is de novo.
Johnson v. State, 83 N.E.3d 81, 84 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017).
[7] Spears claims that the almost sixteen-year delay between his arrest and trial
violated his right to a speedy trial under the United States and Indiana
Constitutions. The analysis of a claim involving a speedy trial right is the same
under both the state and federal constitutions. Sweeney v. State, 704 N.E.2d 86,
102 (Ind. 1998), cert. denied. The inquiry into whether there was a speedy trial
violation involves “a balancing test, in which the conduct of both the
prosecution and the defendant are weighed.” Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514,
530, 92 S. Ct. 2182, 2191-92 (1972). The Barker analysis considers four factors:
1) the length of the delay; 2) the reason for the delay; 3) the defendant’s
assertion of the right to a speedy trial; and 4) prejudice to the defendant. Id.
[8] “The length of the delay acts as a triggering mechanism; a delay of more than a
year post-accusation is ‘presumptively prejudicial” and triggers the Barker
analysis.” Johnson, 83 N.E.3d at 85 (quoting Vermillion v. State, 719 N.E.2d
1201, 1206 (Ind. 1999)). “If the length of the delay meets this threshold, ‘the
court must then consider, as one factor among several, the extent to which the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 4 of 9 delay stretches beyond the bare minimum needed to trigger judicial
examination of the claim.’” Id. (quoting Doggett v. United States, 505 U.S. 647,
652, 112 S. Ct. 2686, 2691 (1992)). Here, the length of the delay—almost
sixteen years—is excessive and clearly qualifies as presumptively prejudicial.
This factor weighs in favor of Spears.
[9] We next consider the reason for the delay. “When considering the reason for
delays, we look at ‘whether the government or the criminal defendant is more
to blame for that delay.’” Id. (quoting Doggett, 505 U.S. at 651, 112 S. Ct. at
2690). Spears blames the delay on the State, arguing that he gave his new
address to the trial court before he moved to Kentucky and that his new address
was publicly discoverable. At the hearing on the motion to dismiss, Spears
testified that he thought Kimberly had taken care of the charges, that he moved
to Kentucky, and that he gave the trial court his new address. In support of his
argument, he submitted a list of addresses found online. However, he claimed
to have given the trial court an address on Sales Lane in Cave City, Kentucky,
but that address was not listed on the document. Further, he claimed that his
last address was in Park City, Kentucky, and that address was not listed on the
document either. There is no evidence that Spears’s new address was
discoverable as a public record. Moreover, the trial court records do not reflect
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be Jun 26 2018, 6:55 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any CLERK Indiana Supreme Court court except for the purpose of establishing Court of Appeals and Tax Court the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE R. Patrick Magrath Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Alcorn Sage Schwartz & Magrath, LLP Attorney General of Indiana Madison, Indiana Henry A. Flores, Jr. Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
James Timothy Spears, June 26, 2018 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 40A04-1708-CR-2022 v. Appeal from the Jennings Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Alison T. Frazier, Appellee-Plaintiff. Senior Judge
Trial Court Cause No. 40D01-0012-CM-1278
Barnes, Senior Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 1 of 9 Case Summary [1] James Spears appeals his convictions for Class B misdemeanor battery and
Class B misdemeanor disorderly conduct. We affirm.
Issues [2] Spears raises two issues, which we restate as:
I. whether the trial court properly denied Spears’s motion to dismiss on constitutional speedy trial grounds; and
II. whether the evidence is sufficient to sustain his convictions.
Facts [3] On October 31, 2000, Spears got into an argument with his wife, Kimberly.
The argument escalated into a “shoving match,” and Spears grabbed
Kimberly’s neck, dragged her to the door, and kicked her out. Tr. Vol. II p.
139. She had red marks on her neck and shoulder and scraped her arm on the
door during the incident. On December 5, 2000, the State charged Spears with
Class B misdemeanor battery and Class B misdemeanor disorderly conduct.
On January 23, 2001, and July 25, 2001, the trial court issued arrest warrants
for Spears’s failure to appear.
[4] On October 20, 2016, the trial court issued an order for Spears to appear on
November 17, 2016, and he again failed to appear. The trial court issued
another arrest warrant, and he was arrested in Kentucky. Spears filed a motion
to dismiss the charges, arguing that the almost sixteen-year delay violated his
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 2 of 9 speedy trial rights. At a hearing on the motion, Spears clarified that his
argument was based on the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
and Article One Section Twelve of the Indiana Constitution, not Indiana
Criminal Rule 4. Spears testified that he had moved to Kentucky shortly after
the charges were filed in 2000, that he thought Kimberly had taken care of the
charges, and that before he moved he had given the court an updated address
on Sales Lane, Cave City, Kentucky. He claimed that he was prejudiced by
the delay because he had lost a business opportunity. The State asked the trial
court to take judicial notice that the record did not indicate that Spears had
updated the court with an address change. The trial court concluded that the
length of the delay was presumptively prejudicial and that the delay was
attributable to Spears because he left the jurisdiction. The trial court denied
Spears’s motion.
[5] At the jury trial, Sergeant Andrew Richmond with the North Vernon Police
Department testified that Spears informed him that he got mad at Kimberly and
grabbed her on her shoulder and neck. Sergeant Richmond saw redness on
Kimberly’s neck and shoulder and abrasions on her right forearm. However,
photographs of the injuries were no longer available. The jury found Spears
guilty as charged, and the trial court sentenced him to ninety days in jail. Spears
now appeals.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 3 of 9 Analysis I. Speedy Trial
[6] “The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article 1, Section
12 of the Indiana Constitution guarantee the right to a speedy trial.” Wilkins v.
State, 901 N.E.2d 535, 537 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied. The standard of
review for a speedy trial issue, which is a pure question of law, is de novo.
Johnson v. State, 83 N.E.3d 81, 84 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017).
[7] Spears claims that the almost sixteen-year delay between his arrest and trial
violated his right to a speedy trial under the United States and Indiana
Constitutions. The analysis of a claim involving a speedy trial right is the same
under both the state and federal constitutions. Sweeney v. State, 704 N.E.2d 86,
102 (Ind. 1998), cert. denied. The inquiry into whether there was a speedy trial
violation involves “a balancing test, in which the conduct of both the
prosecution and the defendant are weighed.” Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514,
530, 92 S. Ct. 2182, 2191-92 (1972). The Barker analysis considers four factors:
1) the length of the delay; 2) the reason for the delay; 3) the defendant’s
assertion of the right to a speedy trial; and 4) prejudice to the defendant. Id.
[8] “The length of the delay acts as a triggering mechanism; a delay of more than a
year post-accusation is ‘presumptively prejudicial” and triggers the Barker
analysis.” Johnson, 83 N.E.3d at 85 (quoting Vermillion v. State, 719 N.E.2d
1201, 1206 (Ind. 1999)). “If the length of the delay meets this threshold, ‘the
court must then consider, as one factor among several, the extent to which the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 4 of 9 delay stretches beyond the bare minimum needed to trigger judicial
examination of the claim.’” Id. (quoting Doggett v. United States, 505 U.S. 647,
652, 112 S. Ct. 2686, 2691 (1992)). Here, the length of the delay—almost
sixteen years—is excessive and clearly qualifies as presumptively prejudicial.
This factor weighs in favor of Spears.
[9] We next consider the reason for the delay. “When considering the reason for
delays, we look at ‘whether the government or the criminal defendant is more
to blame for that delay.’” Id. (quoting Doggett, 505 U.S. at 651, 112 S. Ct. at
2690). Spears blames the delay on the State, arguing that he gave his new
address to the trial court before he moved to Kentucky and that his new address
was publicly discoverable. At the hearing on the motion to dismiss, Spears
testified that he thought Kimberly had taken care of the charges, that he moved
to Kentucky, and that he gave the trial court his new address. In support of his
argument, he submitted a list of addresses found online. However, he claimed
to have given the trial court an address on Sales Lane in Cave City, Kentucky,
but that address was not listed on the document. Further, he claimed that his
last address was in Park City, Kentucky, and that address was not listed on the
document either. There is no evidence that Spears’s new address was
discoverable as a public record. Moreover, the trial court records do not reflect
that Spears provided a new address. The trial court found that the delay was
attributable to Spears because he left the jurisdiction and because “we . . . don’t
want to make a precedent of rewarding . . . people who abscond . . . .” Tr. Vol.
II p. 31. Although the record does not reflect any efforts on the part of the State
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 5 of 9 to locate Spears, the record does demonstrate that Spears absconded to
Kentucky shortly after the charges were filed in 2000. We cannot conclude that
the State’s delay in looking for Spears excuses his conduct in absconding. This
factor weighs against Spears.
[10] Next, we consider Spears’s assertion of the right to a speedy trial. “In order to
claim a constitutional violation of the right to a speedy trial, defendant must
assert such right.” Lee v. State, 684 N.E.2d 1143, 1146 (Ind. 1997). Spears did
not assert his right to a speedy trial until his motion to dismiss in 2017. Spears
delayed this case himself by absconding to Kentucky. His actions “show that
he did not desire a speedy trial.” Johnson, 83 N.E.3d at 87. This factor weighs
against Spears.
[11] Finally, we consider prejudice to Spears as a result of the delay.
“The final factor in the Barker test, prejudice, is assessed in light of the three interests which the right to a speedy trial was designed to protect: (i) to prevent oppressive pretrial incarceration; (ii) to minimize anxiety and concern of the accused; and (iii) to limit the possibility that the defense will be impaired.” Sweeney, 704 N.E.2d at 103 (citing Barker, 407 U.S. at 532, 92 S. Ct. 2182). The most important of the three is limiting the possibility of defense impairment. Barker, 407 U.S. at 532, 92 S. Ct. 2182. The burden is on the defendant to show actual prejudice to prove a speedy trial deprivation. Sturgeon v. State, 683 N.E.2d 612, 617 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997), trans. denied.
Johnson, 83 N.E.3d at 87. Oppressive pretrial incarceration is not an issue here
as Spears was not incarcerated during the delay. Further, Spears makes no
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 6 of 9 argument that the delay caused him anxiety or concern and, as the State argues,
“[a]ny anxiety or concern was due to his own criminal behavior and . . . his
unannounced departure and fugitive status.” Appellee’s Br. p. 14. Rather,
Spears argues that his defense was impaired because the investigating officer did
not specifically recall the incident and refreshed his recollection with his report.
The State points out that the passage of time was “actually beneficial to
Defendant’s defense” because the pictures of Kimberly’s injuries were missing
and Spears “capitalized” on the passage of time in his attempted impeachment
of Kimberly and the officer.” Appellee’s Br. p. 14. We agree with the State
that Spears “suffered no identifiable prejudice.” Id. This factor also weighs
[12] Each of the factors except the length of the delay weighs against Spears.
Although the almost sixteen-year delay is clearly excessive, the reason for the
delay due to Spears’s absconding, the late assertion of the right to a speedy trial,
and the lack of prejudice all weigh in favor of finding no violation of Spears’s
constitutional right to a speedy trial. We conclude that the trial court properly
denied Spears’s motion to dismiss.
II. Sufficiency of the Evidence
[13] Next, Spears argues that the evidence is insufficient to sustain his convictions.
In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we neither reweigh the evidence
nor judge the credibility of witnesses. Willis v. State, 27 N.E.3d 1065, 1066 (Ind.
2015). We only consider “the evidence supporting the judgment and any
reasonable inferences that can be drawn from such evidence.” Id. A conviction Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 7 of 9 will be affirmed if there is substantial evidence of probative value supporting
each element of the offense such that a reasonable trier of fact could have found
the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. “‘It is the job of the fact-
finder to determine whether the evidence in a particular case sufficiently proves
each element of an offense, and we consider conflicting evidence most
favorably to the trial court’s ruling.’” Id. at 1066-67 (quoting Wright v. State, 828
N.E.2d 904, 906 (Ind. 2005)).
[14] Spears was convicted of Class B misdemeanor battery and Class B
misdemeanor disorderly conduct. The offense of Class B misdemeanor battery
is governed by Indiana Code Section 35-42-2-1, which required that Spears
knowingly or intentionally touched Kimberly in a rude, insolent and angry
manner. The offense of Class B misdemeanor disorderly conduct is governed
by Indiana Code Section 35-45-1-3, which required that Spears knowingly or
intentionally engaged in fighting.
[15] Spears argues that “any instance of Spears making contact with Kimberly
Spears was accidental and was not an intentional act of battery or a reckless act
of disorderly conduct.” Appellant’s Br. p. 14. The State presented evidence
that Spears got into an argument with Kimberly and grabbed her neck, dragged
her to the door, and kicked her out of the house. As a result, Kimberly had red
marks on her neck and shoulder and abrasions to her arm. Spears’s argument is
a request to reweigh the evidence and judge the credibility of the witnesses,
which we cannot do. The evidence is sufficient to sustain his convictions.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 8 of 9 Conclusion [16] The trial court properly denied Spears’s motion to dismiss, and the evidence is
sufficient to sustain his convictions. We affirm.
[17] Affirmed.
Vaidik, C.J., and Pyle, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 40A04-1708-CR-2022 | June 26, 2018 Page 9 of 9