MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), Jul 13 2016, 9:26 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be CLERK Indiana Supreme Court regarded as precedent or cited before any Court of Appeals and Tax Court court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Jonathan C. Little Mark D. Gerth David E. Miller James W. Roehrdanz Jessica A. Wegg Indianapolis, Indiana Saeed & Little Indianapolis, Indiana
Nicholas F. Baker The Hastings Law Firm Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
James Long, July 13, 2016 Appellant-Plaintiff, Court of Appeals Case No. 49A05-1510-CT-1737 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court Gordon Homes, Jr., The Honorable Timothy Oakes, Appellee-Defendant. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49D02-1405-CT-014997
Bailey, Judge.
[1]
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [2] Appellant-Plaintiff James Long (“Long”) filed a negligence claim against
Appellee-Defendant Gordon Homes, Jr. (“Homes”) and a jury returned a
verdict in favor of Homes. Long appeals, presenting the sole issue of whether
the trial court abused its discretion by admitting a redacted police report into
evidence. We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] On January 21, 2014, Homes drove to St. Vincent’s Hospital in Indianapolis to
pick up his wife, Alice Homes (“Alice”), who was being discharged after
surgery. Homes drove his vehicle into a horseshoe drive and stopped; a St.
Vincent’s nurse then assisted Alice into the vehicle. Homes began to move his
vehicle forward when Long, a St. Vincent’s pharmacist, either ran or walked
into the horseshoe drive. Long was either impacted by Homes’s vehicle or
slipped and fell.1 He suffered a concussion.
[4] On May 7, 2014, Long filed a complaint against Homes. A jury trial
commenced on September 28, 2015 and concluded on September 30, 2015.
The jury returned a verdict for Homes. This appeal ensued.
1 Long did not have a specific memory of the event. Alice testified that she “suddenly” saw someone she thought was running, and Homes applied the brakes before Alice could say anything. (Tr. at 99.) She opined that the vehicle did not impact Long. Homes testified that he “did not know” if his vehicle collided with Long. (Tr. at 92.) Eyewitness Nathan Helvie (“Helvie”) testified that he saw the front of Homes’s vehicle strike Long. He also testified that there was ice on the ground and it was “fairly slick.” (Tr. at 105.)
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 2 of 7 Discussion and Decision [5] Due to Helvie’s pre-trial statement that Homes was headed the wrong way in
the horseshoe drive, Homes’s direction of travel became a focus at trial. Over
Long’s hearsay objection, the trial court admitted into evidence an “Indiana
Officer’s Standard Crash Report” prepared by Officer James Gillespie (“Officer
Gillespie”). (Def. Ex. A.) The narrative had been redacted, but the exhibit
showed that the box indicating “Wrong Way on One Way” remained
unchecked. (Def. Ex. A.) Long now argues that the admission of the redacted
crash report was an abuse of discretion “that directly and harmfully
contradicted the only independent eye-witness testimony.” Appellant’s Br. at 4.
[6] The decision to admit or exclude evidence is within the sound discretion of the
trial court and will be reversed only upon a manifest abuse of discretion. Gary
Community Sch. Corp. v. Boyd, 890 N.E.2d 794, 798 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), trans.
denied. An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court’s decision is contrary
to the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it. Id. We will not
reverse the trial court’s admission of evidence absent a showing of prejudice.
Id.
[7] Hearsay is an out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter
asserted. Ind. Evidence Rule 801(c). Hearsay is inadmissible unless an
evidentiary exception applies. See Evid. R. 802.
[8] Homes concedes that the crash report was hearsay and that he did not support
its admission at trial by identifying an appropriate hearsay exception. Pursuant
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 3 of 7 to Evidence Rule 803(8)(B), a police investigative report is generally not
excepted from the hearsay rule. See e.g., Averitt Exp., Inc. v. State ex rel. Ind. Dep’t
of Transp., 18 N.E.3d 608, 612 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014) (observing that the
summary judgment court should have struck a crash report and also did not
abuse its discretion in striking a paragraph of an investigating officer’s affidavit
where the paragraph was based, at least in part, on hearsay).2
[9] However, Homes claims that the admission of the crash report was harmless
error in light of Officer Gillespie’s deposition testimony to the effect that he had
not checked the “wrong way” box, trial testimony that Homes’s vehicle had not
been moved prior to Officer Gillespie’s opportunity for personal observation,
and Helvie’s in-court testimony contradicting his pre-trial statement. Indiana
Trial Rule 61 provides that no error in the admission or exclusion of evidence is
ground for setting aside a verdict, unless refusal to take such action appears
inconsistent with substantial justice. “The court at every stage of the
proceeding must disregard any error or defect in the proceeding which does not
affect the substantial rights of the parties.” T.R. 61. We thus review the record
to determine if the admission of the crash report was prejudicial and affected
Long’s substantial rights.
2 Here, the officer did not “evaluate the evidence and express an opinion on the cause,” as happened in Averitt, where the officer opined that the semi-truck driver “was not paying attention to the road.” 18 N.E.3d at 612. Rather, Officer Gillespie testified that he did not check the box for a contributing factor.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 4 of 7 [10] Because Officer Gillespie was unavailable at trial, his pre-trial deposition was
admitted as substantive evidence. He testified that he would have noted the
approximate position of the vehicle at the time he arrived at the scene of the
accident. According to Officer Gillespie, he “would have done interviews with
the people on [the] scene,” and he had no specific recollection of being given
any information that the vehicle had been moved. (Depo. Pg. 21.) He
acknowledged that his routine practice in making a crash report was to check
any box relating to what he considered to be a contributing factor, and he
testified that he did not check the box for “Wrong Way on One Way” on the
crash report at issue. Thus, the redacted crash report – showing the omission of
a checked box – was cumulative of Officer Gillespie’s testimony that he did not
check the box.
[11] Homes testified that he had been near the exit of the horseshoe drive when the
accident occurred, and he had not moved his vehicle before the officer arrived.
Examining Defendant’s Exhibit D, an aerial view of the horseshoe drive,
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MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), Jul 13 2016, 9:26 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be CLERK Indiana Supreme Court regarded as precedent or cited before any Court of Appeals and Tax Court court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Jonathan C. Little Mark D. Gerth David E. Miller James W. Roehrdanz Jessica A. Wegg Indianapolis, Indiana Saeed & Little Indianapolis, Indiana
Nicholas F. Baker The Hastings Law Firm Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
James Long, July 13, 2016 Appellant-Plaintiff, Court of Appeals Case No. 49A05-1510-CT-1737 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court Gordon Homes, Jr., The Honorable Timothy Oakes, Appellee-Defendant. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49D02-1405-CT-014997
Bailey, Judge.
[1]
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [2] Appellant-Plaintiff James Long (“Long”) filed a negligence claim against
Appellee-Defendant Gordon Homes, Jr. (“Homes”) and a jury returned a
verdict in favor of Homes. Long appeals, presenting the sole issue of whether
the trial court abused its discretion by admitting a redacted police report into
evidence. We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] On January 21, 2014, Homes drove to St. Vincent’s Hospital in Indianapolis to
pick up his wife, Alice Homes (“Alice”), who was being discharged after
surgery. Homes drove his vehicle into a horseshoe drive and stopped; a St.
Vincent’s nurse then assisted Alice into the vehicle. Homes began to move his
vehicle forward when Long, a St. Vincent’s pharmacist, either ran or walked
into the horseshoe drive. Long was either impacted by Homes’s vehicle or
slipped and fell.1 He suffered a concussion.
[4] On May 7, 2014, Long filed a complaint against Homes. A jury trial
commenced on September 28, 2015 and concluded on September 30, 2015.
The jury returned a verdict for Homes. This appeal ensued.
1 Long did not have a specific memory of the event. Alice testified that she “suddenly” saw someone she thought was running, and Homes applied the brakes before Alice could say anything. (Tr. at 99.) She opined that the vehicle did not impact Long. Homes testified that he “did not know” if his vehicle collided with Long. (Tr. at 92.) Eyewitness Nathan Helvie (“Helvie”) testified that he saw the front of Homes’s vehicle strike Long. He also testified that there was ice on the ground and it was “fairly slick.” (Tr. at 105.)
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 2 of 7 Discussion and Decision [5] Due to Helvie’s pre-trial statement that Homes was headed the wrong way in
the horseshoe drive, Homes’s direction of travel became a focus at trial. Over
Long’s hearsay objection, the trial court admitted into evidence an “Indiana
Officer’s Standard Crash Report” prepared by Officer James Gillespie (“Officer
Gillespie”). (Def. Ex. A.) The narrative had been redacted, but the exhibit
showed that the box indicating “Wrong Way on One Way” remained
unchecked. (Def. Ex. A.) Long now argues that the admission of the redacted
crash report was an abuse of discretion “that directly and harmfully
contradicted the only independent eye-witness testimony.” Appellant’s Br. at 4.
[6] The decision to admit or exclude evidence is within the sound discretion of the
trial court and will be reversed only upon a manifest abuse of discretion. Gary
Community Sch. Corp. v. Boyd, 890 N.E.2d 794, 798 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), trans.
denied. An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court’s decision is contrary
to the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it. Id. We will not
reverse the trial court’s admission of evidence absent a showing of prejudice.
Id.
[7] Hearsay is an out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter
asserted. Ind. Evidence Rule 801(c). Hearsay is inadmissible unless an
evidentiary exception applies. See Evid. R. 802.
[8] Homes concedes that the crash report was hearsay and that he did not support
its admission at trial by identifying an appropriate hearsay exception. Pursuant
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 3 of 7 to Evidence Rule 803(8)(B), a police investigative report is generally not
excepted from the hearsay rule. See e.g., Averitt Exp., Inc. v. State ex rel. Ind. Dep’t
of Transp., 18 N.E.3d 608, 612 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014) (observing that the
summary judgment court should have struck a crash report and also did not
abuse its discretion in striking a paragraph of an investigating officer’s affidavit
where the paragraph was based, at least in part, on hearsay).2
[9] However, Homes claims that the admission of the crash report was harmless
error in light of Officer Gillespie’s deposition testimony to the effect that he had
not checked the “wrong way” box, trial testimony that Homes’s vehicle had not
been moved prior to Officer Gillespie’s opportunity for personal observation,
and Helvie’s in-court testimony contradicting his pre-trial statement. Indiana
Trial Rule 61 provides that no error in the admission or exclusion of evidence is
ground for setting aside a verdict, unless refusal to take such action appears
inconsistent with substantial justice. “The court at every stage of the
proceeding must disregard any error or defect in the proceeding which does not
affect the substantial rights of the parties.” T.R. 61. We thus review the record
to determine if the admission of the crash report was prejudicial and affected
Long’s substantial rights.
2 Here, the officer did not “evaluate the evidence and express an opinion on the cause,” as happened in Averitt, where the officer opined that the semi-truck driver “was not paying attention to the road.” 18 N.E.3d at 612. Rather, Officer Gillespie testified that he did not check the box for a contributing factor.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 4 of 7 [10] Because Officer Gillespie was unavailable at trial, his pre-trial deposition was
admitted as substantive evidence. He testified that he would have noted the
approximate position of the vehicle at the time he arrived at the scene of the
accident. According to Officer Gillespie, he “would have done interviews with
the people on [the] scene,” and he had no specific recollection of being given
any information that the vehicle had been moved. (Depo. Pg. 21.) He
acknowledged that his routine practice in making a crash report was to check
any box relating to what he considered to be a contributing factor, and he
testified that he did not check the box for “Wrong Way on One Way” on the
crash report at issue. Thus, the redacted crash report – showing the omission of
a checked box – was cumulative of Officer Gillespie’s testimony that he did not
check the box.
[11] Homes testified that he had been near the exit of the horseshoe drive when the
accident occurred, and he had not moved his vehicle before the officer arrived.
Examining Defendant’s Exhibit D, an aerial view of the horseshoe drive,
Homes testified:
You enter here and you pick up in front of the hospital. And this is why it’s really impossible to go the wrong way around the circle, because you pull in purposely so that the passenger side of the vehicle faces the hospital, so as the patient comes out, they’re able to place the patient in the car on the passenger side. It’s just impossible that one would be allowed to go around the circle in the opposite direction causing the driver’s side to face the hospital. I mean, it just – it defies common sense.
(Tr. at 93-94.)
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 5 of 7 [12] As for Long’s contention that the admission of the crash report is particularly
prejudicial because it contradicted Helvie’s “independent” eyewitness
testimony, this does not take into account the evolution of Helvie’s trial
testimony. During his direct testimony, Helvie acknowledged that he had told
Homes’s accident investigator that the vehicle had been headed “from west to
east,” which he described as “the wrong way.” (Tr. at 107.) He stated that
Homes had not moved his vehicle after the accident, other than “a small back
up like, you know, he knew he hit somebody.” (Tr. at 107.) On cross-
examination, Helvie stated that Homes’s vehicle had been “coming from the
east to the west.” (Tr. at 110.) He then cast doubt upon his pre-trial statement
as to direction:
Helvie: I might have, you know, had a [sic] east or west, you know, backwards trying to recollect it. But I do remember him, you know. Once I sit – and I do know the car was going from an eastern to a western direction.
Counsel: And if you’re going around the horseshoe and heading back to the west, then you’d actually be obeying the direction of traffic that’s required on that horseshoe, correct?
Helvie: See, that’s what I’m not sure because the ice that was down there – and I don’t remember seeing signs. I don’t know if it’s painted on the concrete or not. But I don’t remember it being – it’s, you know, for as long as it’s been, you know, a little over a year, I don’t remember seeing any upright signs. Now, there might have been signs on the concrete that you couldn’t see ‘cause of the ice and snow.
(Tr. at 112-13.) Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 6 of 7 [13] Finally, in rebuttal argument, Long’s counsel urged the jury to re-direct their
focus:
It doesn’t matter if Mr. Homes was driving the wrong way or not, okay? They’ve denied all along there was any collision. Well, there was a collision and Nathan Helvie, who has no stake in this, told you there was. That’s the liability issue here, ladies and gentlemen. That’s the whole thing. That’s the issue of liability.
(Tr. at 380.)
[14] In light of the cumulative nature of the redacted crash report, the testimony that
Homes was traveling in the proper direction, and counsel’s arguable
abandonment of the issue of directionality, we cannot say that Long suffered
prejudice to his substantial rights. The admission of the crash report was
harmless error.
[15] Affirmed.
Bradford, J., and Altice, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1510-CT-1737 | July 13, 2016 Page 7 of 7