Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
MATTHEW J. MCGOVERN GREGORY F. ZOELLER Anderson, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
BART M. BETTEAU MONIKA PREKOPA TALBOT Betteau Law Office Deputy Attorney General New Albany, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
Aug 13 2013, 7:27 am
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JAMES E. SIZEMORE, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 31A05-1212-CR-626 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE HARRISON SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Roger D. Davis, Judge Cause No. 31D01-1205-FA-336
August 13, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
CRONE, Judge Case Summary
James E. Sizemore was convicted as charged for dealing in methamphetamine,
possession of methamphetamine, and possession of a controlled substance. Sizemore
now appeals, claiming that the trial court abused its discretion by admitting prejudicial
evidence linking him to the drugs in violation of Indiana Evidence Rule 404(b). We
affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
During February 2012, Kenneth Doner lived with Sherry Bolen and their sixteen-
year-old son. Doner was a methamphetamine addict and cooked meth. Both Doner and
Bolen had a history of large pseudoephedrine purchases. That same month, the Indiana
State Police and other agencies conducted a joint anti-meth operation in southern Indiana.
The operation resulted in officers descending on Doner’s residence on February 27, 2012.
During this time, Sizemore arrived at Doner’s residence on a motorcycle with Kelly
Diane Wininger-Grimes. Both Sizemore and Grimes were friends with Doner.
Sizemore and Grimes were eating fast food out of a Styrofoam carry-out box that
had been in a plastic bag. Officers asked them to remain at the scene and produce
identification, which they did. After Sizemore and Grimes finished eating their burgers
and fries and were permitted to leave, Sizemore asked Doner’s son to throw away the
plastic bag with the foam box in it, and Grimes handed the bag to him. The bag was tied,
and Doner’s son did not look in it before throwing it into a burn pit on Doner’s property.
Sizemore and Grimes then rode away.
2 Police arrested Doner and obtained a search warrant for his property, pursuant to
which they discovered pills, marijuana pipes and paraphernalia, meth cooking supplies,
and several other items. They also found the plastic bag that Sizemore had asked Doner’s
son to throw away. Inside the bag was a Styrofoam box with a still-warm hamburger, an
orange container with two bags of meth, weighing 0.4 grams and 3.81 grams
respectively, and a bag of hydrocodone pills. Doner was charged with a class B felony,
two class D felonies, and two class A misdemeanors. He agreed to plead guilty to the
class D felonies and the misdemeanors and to testify against Sizemore, in exchange for
which the State agreed to dismiss the class B felony charge and grant him use immunity
for his testimony.
The State charged Sizemore with Count I, class A felony dealing in
methamphetamine; Count II, class C felony possession of methamphetamine; and Count
III, class D felony possession of a controlled substance. At trial, Sizemore asked the trial
court to exclude evidence that there was an arrangement between him and Doner to
exchange pseudoephedrine pills for meth. The trial court denied the motion and allowed
Doner to testify that he had previously sold pseudoephedrine pills to Sizemore in
exchange for money and meth and that they had been friends for ten years. He also
testified that he had attempted to contact Sizemore a few days prior to February 27, 2012
without success, but nevertheless expected Sizemore to stop by on or around February 27
so they could exchange drugs.
Sizemore also testified and denied that he traveled to Doner’s residence to obtain
pseudoephedrine pills. Sizemore stated that on February 27, he and Grimes went for a
3 ride on his motorcycle to get car repair supplies and then decided to stop for food en
route. On the way back, Sizemore and Grimes were having trouble balancing the auto
parts and the bags of food and decided to stop and eat at Doner’s residence because it was
nearby. Sizemore testified that he never saw the orange container, denied bringing meth
or hydrocodone pills to Doner’s residence, and further denied that he expected to
exchange pseudoephedrine pills for money.
The jury found Sizemore guilty as charged. Sizemore now appeals. We will state
additional facts when necessary.
Discussion and Decision
Sizemore contends that the trial court erred in admitting Doner’s testimony
regarding the drug exchange arrangement between him and Sizemore. The admission of
evidence is within the discretion of the trial court. Adkins v. State, 703 N.E.2d 182, 186
(Ind. Ct. App. 1998). We will reverse a trial court’s decision only when the court’s
action is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the
court. Id. In reviewing the admissibility of evidence, we consider only the evidence in
favor of the trial court’s ruling and any unrefuted evidence in the defendant’s favor.
Hyppolite v. State, 774 N.E.2d 584, 592 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), trans. denied (2003).
Sizemore contends that Doner’s testimony was inadmissible pursuant to Indiana
Evidence Rule 404(b), which reads in pertinent part as follows:
Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident, provided that upon request by the accused, the prosecution in a
4 criminal case shall provide reasonable notice in advance of trial, or during trial if the court excuses pre-trial notice on good cause shown, of the general nature of any such evidence it intends to introduce at trial.
This rule is “designed to prevent the jury from assessing a defendant’s present guilt on
the basis of his past propensities, the so-called ‘forbidden inference.’” Hicks v. State, 690
N.E.2d 215, 218-19 (Ind. 1997). To assess the admissibility of evidence under Evidence
Rule 404(b), the trial court must: (1) determine whether the evidence of other crimes,
wrongs, or acts is relevant to a matter at issue other than the defendant’s propensity to
commit the charged act; and (2) balance the probative value of the evidence against its
prejudicial effect pursuant to Evidence Rule 403. Id. at 221. Evidence Rule 403 states,
“Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially
outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the
jury, or by considerations of undue delay, or needless presentation of cumulative
evidence.” “To determine whether the trial court abused its discretion, we employ the
same test.” Iqbal v. State, 805 N.E.2d 405, 406 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004).
To convict Sizemore of Count I, dealing in methamphetamine, the State had to
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Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
MATTHEW J. MCGOVERN GREGORY F. ZOELLER Anderson, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
BART M. BETTEAU MONIKA PREKOPA TALBOT Betteau Law Office Deputy Attorney General New Albany, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
Aug 13 2013, 7:27 am
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JAMES E. SIZEMORE, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 31A05-1212-CR-626 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE HARRISON SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Roger D. Davis, Judge Cause No. 31D01-1205-FA-336
August 13, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
CRONE, Judge Case Summary
James E. Sizemore was convicted as charged for dealing in methamphetamine,
possession of methamphetamine, and possession of a controlled substance. Sizemore
now appeals, claiming that the trial court abused its discretion by admitting prejudicial
evidence linking him to the drugs in violation of Indiana Evidence Rule 404(b). We
affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
During February 2012, Kenneth Doner lived with Sherry Bolen and their sixteen-
year-old son. Doner was a methamphetamine addict and cooked meth. Both Doner and
Bolen had a history of large pseudoephedrine purchases. That same month, the Indiana
State Police and other agencies conducted a joint anti-meth operation in southern Indiana.
The operation resulted in officers descending on Doner’s residence on February 27, 2012.
During this time, Sizemore arrived at Doner’s residence on a motorcycle with Kelly
Diane Wininger-Grimes. Both Sizemore and Grimes were friends with Doner.
Sizemore and Grimes were eating fast food out of a Styrofoam carry-out box that
had been in a plastic bag. Officers asked them to remain at the scene and produce
identification, which they did. After Sizemore and Grimes finished eating their burgers
and fries and were permitted to leave, Sizemore asked Doner’s son to throw away the
plastic bag with the foam box in it, and Grimes handed the bag to him. The bag was tied,
and Doner’s son did not look in it before throwing it into a burn pit on Doner’s property.
Sizemore and Grimes then rode away.
2 Police arrested Doner and obtained a search warrant for his property, pursuant to
which they discovered pills, marijuana pipes and paraphernalia, meth cooking supplies,
and several other items. They also found the plastic bag that Sizemore had asked Doner’s
son to throw away. Inside the bag was a Styrofoam box with a still-warm hamburger, an
orange container with two bags of meth, weighing 0.4 grams and 3.81 grams
respectively, and a bag of hydrocodone pills. Doner was charged with a class B felony,
two class D felonies, and two class A misdemeanors. He agreed to plead guilty to the
class D felonies and the misdemeanors and to testify against Sizemore, in exchange for
which the State agreed to dismiss the class B felony charge and grant him use immunity
for his testimony.
The State charged Sizemore with Count I, class A felony dealing in
methamphetamine; Count II, class C felony possession of methamphetamine; and Count
III, class D felony possession of a controlled substance. At trial, Sizemore asked the trial
court to exclude evidence that there was an arrangement between him and Doner to
exchange pseudoephedrine pills for meth. The trial court denied the motion and allowed
Doner to testify that he had previously sold pseudoephedrine pills to Sizemore in
exchange for money and meth and that they had been friends for ten years. He also
testified that he had attempted to contact Sizemore a few days prior to February 27, 2012
without success, but nevertheless expected Sizemore to stop by on or around February 27
so they could exchange drugs.
Sizemore also testified and denied that he traveled to Doner’s residence to obtain
pseudoephedrine pills. Sizemore stated that on February 27, he and Grimes went for a
3 ride on his motorcycle to get car repair supplies and then decided to stop for food en
route. On the way back, Sizemore and Grimes were having trouble balancing the auto
parts and the bags of food and decided to stop and eat at Doner’s residence because it was
nearby. Sizemore testified that he never saw the orange container, denied bringing meth
or hydrocodone pills to Doner’s residence, and further denied that he expected to
exchange pseudoephedrine pills for money.
The jury found Sizemore guilty as charged. Sizemore now appeals. We will state
additional facts when necessary.
Discussion and Decision
Sizemore contends that the trial court erred in admitting Doner’s testimony
regarding the drug exchange arrangement between him and Sizemore. The admission of
evidence is within the discretion of the trial court. Adkins v. State, 703 N.E.2d 182, 186
(Ind. Ct. App. 1998). We will reverse a trial court’s decision only when the court’s
action is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the
court. Id. In reviewing the admissibility of evidence, we consider only the evidence in
favor of the trial court’s ruling and any unrefuted evidence in the defendant’s favor.
Hyppolite v. State, 774 N.E.2d 584, 592 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), trans. denied (2003).
Sizemore contends that Doner’s testimony was inadmissible pursuant to Indiana
Evidence Rule 404(b), which reads in pertinent part as follows:
Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident, provided that upon request by the accused, the prosecution in a
4 criminal case shall provide reasonable notice in advance of trial, or during trial if the court excuses pre-trial notice on good cause shown, of the general nature of any such evidence it intends to introduce at trial.
This rule is “designed to prevent the jury from assessing a defendant’s present guilt on
the basis of his past propensities, the so-called ‘forbidden inference.’” Hicks v. State, 690
N.E.2d 215, 218-19 (Ind. 1997). To assess the admissibility of evidence under Evidence
Rule 404(b), the trial court must: (1) determine whether the evidence of other crimes,
wrongs, or acts is relevant to a matter at issue other than the defendant’s propensity to
commit the charged act; and (2) balance the probative value of the evidence against its
prejudicial effect pursuant to Evidence Rule 403. Id. at 221. Evidence Rule 403 states,
“Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially
outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the
jury, or by considerations of undue delay, or needless presentation of cumulative
evidence.” “To determine whether the trial court abused its discretion, we employ the
same test.” Iqbal v. State, 805 N.E.2d 405, 406 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004).
To convict Sizemore of Count I, dealing in methamphetamine, the State had to
prove that he knowingly or intentionally, either alone or in concert with Grimes,
delivered meth in an amount of three or more grams. Ind. Code § 35-48-4-1.1(b)(1); see
also Appellant’s App. at 5 (charging information). To convict him of Count II,
possession of methamphetamine, the State had to prove that he knowingly or
intentionally, either acting alone or in concert with Grimes, possessed meth without a
prescription or practitioner’s order in an amount of three or more grams. Ind. Code § 35-
48-4-6.1(b)(1)(A); see also Appellant’s App. at 6 (charging information). To convict
5 Sizemore of Count III, possession of a controlled substance, the State had to prove that
he, either acting alone or in concert with Grimes, possessed hydrocodone acetaminophen
without a valid prescription or practitioner’s order. Ind. Code § 35-48-4-14.5(a)(8); see
also Appellant’s App. at 7 (charging information).
Doner’s testimony regarding his prior drug transactions with Sizemore was
relevant to a matter at issue other than Sizemore’s propensity to commit the charged acts,
in that it connected Sizemore to the drugs found in the discarded plastic bag and helped to
establish his motive for possessing the drugs, his intent to possess them, his plan for
delivering them to Doner, and his knowledge of their presence in the bag. We agree with
the State that Doner’s testimony was highly probative, because without it the State
“would only have been able to show that [Sizemore] had companionship with the
individual who [gave Doner’s son] the container that held the drugs and that the drugs
had been in [Sizemore’s] proximity prior to their disposal in the fire pit.” Appellee’s Br.
at 8.1
Sizemore argues that the evidence had a prejudicial impact on the jury. However,
we note that “all evidence that is relevant to a criminal prosecution is inherently
prejudicial, and thus the Evidence Rule 403 inquiry boils down to a balance of the
probative value of the proffered evidence against the likely unfair prejudicial impact of
that evidence.” Duvall v. State, 978 N.E.2d 417, 428 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied
1 Sizemore claims that the State failed to establish a link between Doner’s testimony regarding their prior drug transactions and the underlying crimes, noting that Doner “plainly stated that he could not get ahold of Sizemore to arrange such a deal, and he did not know if [Bolen] ever arranged such a deal.” Appellant’s Br. at 12. Sizemore neglects to mention Doner’s testimony that he “left messages” for Sizemore prior to February 27 and that he expected Sizemore to “show up” on or about that date. Tr. at 178, 168.
6 (2013). The trial court was well within its discretion in concluding that the probative
value of Doner’s testimony was not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair
prejudice. Therefore, we affirm.
Affirmed.
BARNES, J., and PYLE, J., concur.